Numerical Simulation Study on Flow Characteristics of Multistage Centrifugal Pumps under Different Inlet Gas Void Fractions

The flow characteristics of multistage centrifugal pumps in transporting gas–liquid mixed media are highly complex; particularly, the unstable flow of the passage at high gas contents exacerbates energy losses, leading to a decrease in pump efficiency and stability. The excess energy loss in the pump is not conducive to the concept of sustainable development. In this study, a numerical simulation of multistage centrifugal pumps was conducted based on the Euler–Euler heterogeneous two-fluid model. This research revealed that gas primarily accumulates on the suction side of each impeller stage, and the gas distribution decreases progressively with each stage. As the interstage gas volume fraction (IGVF) increases, the gas accumulation within the pump becomes more pronounced. The gas volume fraction of each component is negatively correlated with the flow rate, and the change is more obvious in the impeller. The turbulent kinetic energy distribution inside the impeller is positively correlated with the gas distribution. There is a large fluctuation at 0.6Q and 0.8Q, and the distribution of the impeller vortex is asymmetric. However, the impeller has a lower turbulent kinetic energy near 1.2Q, which indicates that the emergence of gas in the medium increases the high-efficiency area of the multistage pump to a certain extent. This paper reveals how the gas phase is distributed, how energy is lost in the multistage pump, and the gas–liquid two-phase flow characteristics in the pump, which have certain guiding significance for the design and working-condition adjustments of the gas–liquid mixed pump.