Effect of Phosphorus Application on Eggplant Cadmium Accumulation and Soil Cadmium Morphology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Modeling of Cd Contamination Soil
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Measurement Methods
2.4. Calculations and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Eggplant Biomass
3.2. Cd Content in Eggplant
3.3. BCFs and TFs
3.4. Eggplant Yield and Quality
3.5. Soil Cd Morphology Distribution
3.6. Correlation Analysis between Soil Cd Morphology and Eggplant Parts
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Cd Content (mg kg−1) | Type of P Fertilizer | P Fertilizer Levels (g kg−1) | N (g kg−1) | K2O (g kg−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 5 | — | 0 (P0) | 0.2 | 0.15 |
2 | 5 | MAP | 0.15 (P1) | 0.2 | 0.15 |
3 | 5 | MAP | 0.25 (P2) | 0.2 | 0.15 |
4 | 5 | MAP | 0.35 (P3) | 0.2 | 0.15 |
5 | 5 | SSP | 0.15 (P1) | 0.2 | 0.15 |
6 | 5 | SSP | 0.25 (P2) | 0.2 | 0.15 |
7 | 5 | SSP | 0.35 (P3) | 0.2 | 0.15 |
8 | 5 | DAP | 0.15 (P1) | 0.2 | 0.15 |
9 | 5 | DAP | 0.25 (P2) | 0.2 | 0.15 |
10 | 5 | DAP | 0.35 (P3) | 0.2 | 0.15 |
11 | 5 | DCP | 0.15 (P1) | 0.2 | 0.15 |
12 | 5 | DCP | 0.25 (P2) | 0.2 | 0.15 |
13 | 5 | DCP | 0.35 (P3) | 0.2 | 0.15 |
Typology | Level | BCF roots | BCF stems | BCF leaves | BCF pulp |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MAP | P0 | 0.82 ± 0.022 Aa | 0.48 ± 0.001 Aa | 0.28 ± 0.004 Aa | 0.0141 ± 0.00014 Aa |
P1 | 0.67 ± 0.044 ABb | 0.34 ± 0.015 Bc | 0.22 ± 0.008 Ab | 0.0082 ± 0.00015 ABc | |
P2 | 0.63 ± 0.042 Bb | 0.39 ± 0.011 Ab | 0.21 ± 0.001 Bb | 0.0092 ± 0.00034 Bb | |
P3 | 0.61 ± 0.027 Bb | 0.32 ± 0.003 Bd | 0.18 ± 0.017 Bc | 0.0083 ± 0.00011 Bc | |
SSP | P0 | 0.82 ± 0.022 Aa | 0.48 ± 0.001 Aa | 0.28 ± 0.005 Aa | 0.0141 ± 0.00014 Aa |
P1 | 0.73 ± 0.012 Ab | 0.38 ± 0.026 Ab | 0.22 ± 0.010 Ab | 0.0085 ± 0.00030 Ad | |
P2 | 0.81 ± 0.018 Aa | 0.39 ± 0.056 Ab | 0.24 ± 0.007 Ab | 0.0102 ± 0.00009 Ab | |
P3 | 0.75 ± 0.027 Ab | 0.35 ± 0.012 Ab | 0.22 ± 0.019 Ab | 0.0092 ± 0.00026 Ac | |
DAP | P0 | 0.82 ± 0.022 Aa | 0.48 ± 0.001 Aa | 0.28 ± 0.005 Aa | 0.0141 ± 0.00014 Aa |
P1 | 0.62 ± 0.035 Bb | 0.30 ± 0.019 Cc | 0.18 ± 0.017 Bb | 0.0078 ± 0.00041 Bb | |
P2 | 0.62 ± 0.040 BCb | 0.34 ± 0.005 Ab | 0.18 ± 0.012 Cb | 0.0078 ± 0.00015 Cb | |
P3 | 0.59 ± 0.037 Bb | 0.28 ± 0.021 Cd | 0.13 ± 0.007 Cc | 0.0069 ± 0.00019 Cc | |
DCP | P0 | 0.82 ± 0.022 Aa | 0.48 ± 0.001 Aa | 0.28 ± 0.005 Aa | 0.0141 ± 0.00014 Aa |
P1 | 0.69 ± 0.027 Ab | 0.26 ± 0.012 Db | 0.16 ± 0.017 Bb | 0.0062 ± 0.00018 Cb | |
P2 | 0.56 ± 0.015 Cc | 0.22 ± 0.029 Bc | 0.09 ± 0.007 Dc | 0.0046 ± 0.00030 Dd | |
P3 | 0.48 ± 0.020 Cd | 0.20 ± 0.011 Dc | 0.05 ± 0.012 Dd | 0.0050 ± 0.00006 Dc | |
T # | *** | *** | *** | *** | |
L # | *** | *** | *** | *** | |
T # × L # | *** | *** | *** | *** |
Typology | Level | TF stem/root | TF leaf/root | TF pulp/root |
---|---|---|---|---|
MAP | P0 | 0.59 ± 0.017 Aab | 0.35 ± 0.004 Aa | 0.0172 ± 0.00059 Aa |
P1 | 0.51 ± 0.057 Ab | 0.32 ± 0.031 Aab | 0.0123 ± 0.00090 Ac | |
P2 | 0.62 ± 0.058 Aa | 0.34 ± 0.024 Aab | 0.0147 ± 0.00088 Ab | |
P3 | 0.52 ± 0.022 Ab | 0.30 ± 0.024 Ab | 0.0134 ± 0.00073 Abc | |
SSP | P0 | 0.59 ± 0.017 Aa | 0.35 ± 0.004 Aa | 0.0172 ± 0.00059 Aa |
P1 | 0.53 ± 0.040 Aab | 0.31 ± 0.018 Ab | 0.0118 ± 0.00022 Ac | |
P2 | 0.48 ± 0.060 BCb | 0.30 ± 0.014 Bb | 0.0126 ± 0.00018 Bb | |
P3 | 0.47 ± 0.018 ABb | 0.30 ± 0.035 Ab | 0.0122 ± 0.00028 Bbc | |
DAP | P0 | 0.59 ± 0.017 Aa | 0.35 ± 0.004 Aa | 0.0172 ± 0.00059 Aa |
P1 | 0.49 ± 0.028 Abc | 0.29 ± 0.012 Ab | 0.0127 ± 0.00009 Abc | |
P2 | 0.55 ± 0.039 ABab | 0.30 ± 0.018 Bb | 0.0128 ± 0.00067 Bb | |
P3 | 0.47 ± 0.051 ABc | 0.22 ± 0.007 Bc | 0.0116 ± 0.00080 BCc | |
DCP | P0 | 0.59 ± 0.017 Aa | 0.35 ± 0.004 Aa | 0.0172 ± 0.00059 Aa |
P1 | 0.37 ± 0.005 Bb | 0.23 ± 0.030 Bb | 0.0090 ± 0.00043 Bc | |
P2 | 0.38 ± 0.058 Cb | 0.16 ± 0.008 Cc | 0.0082 ± 0.00069 Cc | |
P3 | 0.42 ± 0.034 Bb | 0.10 ± 0.026 Cd | 0.0105 ± 0.00039 Cb | |
T # | *** | *** | *** | |
L # | *** | *** | *** | |
T # × L # | *** | *** | *** |
Typology | Level | Cd–E | Cd–C | Cd–Fe/Mn | Cd–O | Cd–R |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MAP | P0 | 37.17% | 29.87% | 19.95% | 9.00% | 4.01% |
P1 | 35.25% | 26.08% | 22.45% | 9.82% | 6.40% | |
P2 | 25.79% | 20.95% | 28.69% | 15.84% | 8.73% | |
P3 | 14.88% | 13.50% | 36.21% | 24.29% | 11.12% | |
SSP | P0 | 37.17% | 29.87% | 19.95% | 9.00% | 4.01% |
P1 | 32.38% | 24.25% | 24.42% | 10.91% | 8.03% | |
P2 | 23.45% | 21.29% | 29.27% | 16.67% | 9.32% | |
P3 | 14.44% | 13.23% | 35.74% | 24.68% | 11.91% | |
DAP | P0 | 37.17% | 29.87% | 19.95% | 9.00% | 4.01% |
P1 | 29.28% | 23.91% | 25.66% | 12.41% | 8.73% | |
P2 | 22.07% | 18.97% | 30.69% | 18.18% | 10.09% | |
P3 | 13.48% | 11.36% | 36.88% | 26.22% | 12.06% | |
DCP | P0 | 37.17% | 29.87% | 19.95% | 9.00% | 4.01% |
P1 | 26.29% | 23.76% | 26.90% | 13.42% | 9.63% | |
P2 | 22.13% | 17.40% | 30.41% | 19.66% | 10.41% | |
P3 | 12.52% | 10.61% | 37.70% | 26.57% | 12.61% |
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Meng, Q.; Fan, W.; Liu, F.; Wang, G.; Di, X. Effect of Phosphorus Application on Eggplant Cadmium Accumulation and Soil Cadmium Morphology. Sustainability 2023, 15, 16236. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316236
Meng Q, Fan W, Liu F, Wang G, Di X. Effect of Phosphorus Application on Eggplant Cadmium Accumulation and Soil Cadmium Morphology. Sustainability. 2023; 15(23):16236. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316236
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeng, Qinghui, Wenhua Fan, Fenwu Liu, Gailing Wang, and Xiaoying Di. 2023. "Effect of Phosphorus Application on Eggplant Cadmium Accumulation and Soil Cadmium Morphology" Sustainability 15, no. 23: 16236. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316236