Influence of Cooling Water Flow Rate on Start and Heat Transfer Performance of Pulsating Heat Pipe at Different Inclination Angles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Experimental System
2.2. Data Processing
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Start-Up Performance at Inclination Angle of 90° and Different Flow Rates
3.2. Heat Transfer Performance at Inclination Angle of 90° and Different Flow Rates
3.3. Heat Transfer Performance at Inclination Angle of 30° and 60° and Different Flow Rates
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
c | specific heat capacity (J/kg·°C) |
i | number of thermocouples |
U | uncertainty |
ṁ | the mass flow rate of cooling water (kg/s) |
Q | quantity of heat transfer (W) |
R | thermal resistance (°C/W) |
Δt | temperature drop: evaporator–condenser (°C) |
t | temperature (°C) |
abbreviation | |
PHP | pulsating heat pipe |
subscript | |
cond | condenser |
evap | evaporator |
cooling | cooling water |
p | isobaric |
superscript | |
′ | inlet |
″ | outlet |
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Working Fluid | Tsat (℃) | ρl (kg/m3) | ρv (kg/m3) | Hfg (kJ/kg) | σ (N/m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ultrapure water | 100 | 958 | 0.6 | 2256.7 | 0.0589 |
Working Fluid | Temperature (°C) | Specific Heat (kJ/kg·°C) | Thermal Diffusion Coefficient (mm2/s) | Dynamic Viscosity (mPa·s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ultrapure water | 30 | 4.2 | 0.15 | 0.8 |
70 | 4.187 | 0.16 | 0.41 |
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Shi, W.; Liu, X.; Su, X.; Chen, H.; Pan, L. Influence of Cooling Water Flow Rate on Start and Heat Transfer Performance of Pulsating Heat Pipe at Different Inclination Angles. Sustainability 2023, 15, 1921. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15031921
Shi W, Liu X, Su X, Chen H, Pan L. Influence of Cooling Water Flow Rate on Start and Heat Transfer Performance of Pulsating Heat Pipe at Different Inclination Angles. Sustainability. 2023; 15(3):1921. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15031921
Chicago/Turabian StyleShi, Weixiu, Xuebing Liu, Xiaoyang Su, Hongdi Chen, and Lisheng Pan. 2023. "Influence of Cooling Water Flow Rate on Start and Heat Transfer Performance of Pulsating Heat Pipe at Different Inclination Angles" Sustainability 15, no. 3: 1921. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15031921