Cu(II) and Cr(VI) Removal in Tandem with Electricity Generation via Dual-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. MFC Construction, Inoculation, and Operation
2.2. Experiment Design
2.3. Analytical Methods and Calculations
2.3.1. Electrical Properties of MFCs
2.3.2. Concentration and Morphology of Heavy Metals
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Performance of Electricity Generation
3.2. Heavy Metals Removal in MFCs
3.3. Cyclic Voltammetry Analysis and Reduction Products on the Cathode Electrode
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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MFC Type | Control Conditions | Average Current (mA) | Maximum Current Density (mA/m2) | Coulombic Efficiency (%) | Ohmic Internal Resistance (Ω) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MFC-An | Anaerobic cathode chamber, 100 mg/L Cr, stainless steel | 0.045 | 16.97 | 19.21 | 5.26 |
MFC-Cr10 | 10 mg/L Cr, stainless steel | 0.17 | 93.35 | 28.63 | 3.92 |
MFC-Cr30 | 30 mg/L Cr, stainless steel | 0.064 | 50.92 | 26.92 | 7.24 |
MFC-Cr60 | 60 mg/L Cr, stainless steel | 0.061 | 33.95 | 22.87 | 8.67 |
MFC-Cr100 | 100 mg/L Cr, stainless steel | 0.066 | 28.29 | 21.41 | 19.45 |
MFC-Cr150 | 150 mg/L Cr, stainless steel | 0.050 | 11.32 | 18.97 | 81.01 |
MFC-Ti | 100 mg/L Cr, titanium sheet | 0.20 | 33.95 | 38.18 | 8.24 |
MFC-Gr | 100 mg/L Cr, graphite plate | 0.29 | 62.23 | 50.71 | 6.47 |
CK | MFC-An | MFC-Cr10 | MFC-Cr100 | MFC-Cr150 | MFC-Ti | MFC-Gr | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Element | WP 1 (%) | AP 2 (%) | WP 1 (%) | AP 2 (%) | WP 1 (%) | AP 2 (%) | WP 1 (%) | AP 2 (%) | WP 1 (%) | AP 2 (%) | WP 1 (%) | AP 2 (%) | WP 1 (%) | AP 2 (%) |
Ni | 17.03 | 14.94 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.12 | 2.21 | 1.84 | 1.08 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
O | 3.24 | 8.36 | 18.3 | 20.73 | 19.43 | 32.92 | 25.09 | 30.58 | 28.59 | 34.96 | 29.99 | 59.45 | 21.71 | 21.21 |
Ca | 0 | 0 | 3.85 | 6.47 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cl | 0 | 0 | 6.13 | 1.66 | 2.77 | 2.15 | 0.81 | 0.78 | 0 | 0 | 3.27 | 2.92 | 2.89 | 1.39 |
C | 6.99 | 14.03 | 0.69 | 0.91 | 0.54 | 0.53 | 4.09 | 4.16 | 4.86 | 3.92 | 0 | 0 | 6.41 | 3.12 |
Cr | 7.3 | 3.73 | 18.32 | 18.34 | 19.04 | 15.09 | 22.34 | 17.83 | 24.34 | 26.49 | 38.95 | 23.76 | 30.47 | 31.2 |
Fe | 63.45 | 46.89 | 14.67 | 14.35 | 13.49 | 16.72 | 3.3 | 11.95 | 2.02 | 4.48 | 0 | 0 | 0.13 | 0.11 |
Cu | 0 | 0 | 38.05 | 37.54 | 39.18 | 27.66 | 40.09 | 31.87 | 35.52 | 26.93 | 27.79 | 13.87 | 37.94 | 42.6 |
P | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.55 | 4.94 | 4.09 | 4.16 | 2.83 | 2.15 | 0 | 0 | 0.45 | 0.37 |
Si | 0.78 | 1.14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Mn | 1.22 | 10.92 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ta | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.74 | 0.61 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
total | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
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Wang, H.; Li, Y.; Mi, Y.; Wang, D.; Wang, Z.; Meng, H.; Jiang, C.; Dong, W.; Li, J.; Li, H. Cu(II) and Cr(VI) Removal in Tandem with Electricity Generation via Dual-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells. Sustainability 2023, 15, 2388. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032388
Wang H, Li Y, Mi Y, Wang D, Wang Z, Meng H, Jiang C, Dong W, Li J, Li H. Cu(II) and Cr(VI) Removal in Tandem with Electricity Generation via Dual-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells. Sustainability. 2023; 15(3):2388. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032388
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Hui, Yu Li, Yue Mi, Dongqi Wang, Zhe Wang, Haiyu Meng, Chunbo Jiang, Wen Dong, Jiake Li, and Huaien Li. 2023. "Cu(II) and Cr(VI) Removal in Tandem with Electricity Generation via Dual-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells" Sustainability 15, no. 3: 2388. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032388