Anthropogenic Nitrate Contamination Impacts Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Microbial Communities in the Marchica Lagoon (Morocco)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling Sites
2.2. Sediment Physicochemical Properties and Enzymatic Analysis
2.3. Nitrous Oxide Emissions
2.4. Extraction of DNA and Quantification of N-Cycling Genes
2.5. Amplicon Sequencing and Data Processing
2.6. Bacterial Diversity
2.7. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Physicochemical Properties of the Sediments
3.2. Enzymatic Activities in the Sediments
3.3. Nitrous Oxide Emission
3.4. Quantification of the Total Communities and N-Cycling Genes
3.5. Linking Sediment Physicochemical Properties, Gene Abundance, and N2O Emissions
3.6. Diversity, Structure, and Composition of the Bacterial Community
3.7. Linking Sediment Physicochemical Properties with Bacterial Diversity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Site | pH | NH4+ (mg/L) | NO3− (mg/L) | TN (mg/g) | TC (mg/g) | TOC (mg/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | 8.01 | 2.53 ± 0.93 a | 4.43 ± 1.46 e | 0.44 ± 0.17 c | 24.00 ± 2.95 a | 3.48 ± 0.76 c |
S2 | 7.16 | 2.60 ± 1.20 a | 10.07 ± 1.15 d | 0.37 ± 0.12 c | 17.00 ± 6.19 a | 3.47 ± 1.17 c |
S3 | 7.20 | 2.73 ± 2.17 a | 41.87 ± 9.02 a | 0.30 ± 0.09 c | 18.20 ± 3.69 a | 3.29 ± 1.28 c |
S4 | 7.51 | 3.63 ± 1.62 a | 23.17 ± 1.74 b | 0.11 ± 0.02 d | 8.17 ± 1.12 b | 1.07 ± 0.13 d |
S5 | 7.08 | 2.73 ± 0.86 a | 45.90 ± 6.56 a | 1.21 ± 0.30 b | 19.57 ± 3.55 a | 10.85 ± 1.16 b |
S6 | 7.17 | 4.20 ± 1.93 a | 18.40 ± 1.85 c | 1.87 ± 0.16 a | 19.63 ± 2.75 a | 16.27 ± 2.84 a |
Site | Nmol N2O/g Dry Sediment × h |
---|---|
S1 | 5.3 ± 1.9 d |
S2 | 7.7 ± 1.7 d |
S3 | 62.1 ± 4.8 a |
S4 | 11.4 ± 2.6 c |
S5 | 28.3 ± 2.4 b |
S6 | 11.6 ± 2.1 c |
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El Hamouti, C.; Castellano-Hinojosa, A.; Mabrouki, Y.; Chaouni, B.; Ghazal, H.; Boukhatem, N.; Chahboune, R.; Bedmar, E.J. Anthropogenic Nitrate Contamination Impacts Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Microbial Communities in the Marchica Lagoon (Morocco). Sustainability 2023, 15, 4077. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054077
El Hamouti C, Castellano-Hinojosa A, Mabrouki Y, Chaouni B, Ghazal H, Boukhatem N, Chahboune R, Bedmar EJ. Anthropogenic Nitrate Contamination Impacts Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Microbial Communities in the Marchica Lagoon (Morocco). Sustainability. 2023; 15(5):4077. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054077
Chicago/Turabian StyleEl Hamouti, Chahrazade, Antonio Castellano-Hinojosa, Youness Mabrouki, Bouchra Chaouni, Hassan Ghazal, Noureddine Boukhatem, Rajaa Chahboune, and Eulogio J. Bedmar. 2023. "Anthropogenic Nitrate Contamination Impacts Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Microbial Communities in the Marchica Lagoon (Morocco)" Sustainability 15, no. 5: 4077. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054077