An Analytical Framework for Formulating Conservation and Development Measures for Important Agricultural Heritage Systems
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. The DPSIR-Based Analytical Framework
- Drivers (D) correspond to socio-economic and eco-environmental processes that influence IAHS. Socio-economic drivers mainly refer to anthropogenic causes with regard to socio-economic development, such as modernization, urbanization, and industrialization. Eco-environmental drivers are normally considered to be ecological and environmental processes without human control, such as climate change and geological disasters.
- Pressures (P) are the ways in which these drivers are actually expressed, and the specific ways that IAHS and their components are perturbed. For the threats and challenges brought by modernization, the pressures are expressed, for example, in the young labor loss, land use change, and production mode change.
- State (S) refers to the state and changing trend of different subsystems of IAHS that result from at least one of the pressures and end up with changes in the social or ecological sustainability of IAHS.
- Impacts (I) are changes in IAHS functions and values that follow on from the state changes, which include all relevant functions and values in livelihood and economy, ecology and environment, and society and culture that constitute the social and ecological aspects of IAHS.
- Responses (R) represent relevant conservation and development measures that feedback to the drivers, pressures, state changes, and impacts. These include dynamic conservation approaches such as environmentally friendly production and sustainable tourism, and effective safeguarding measures such as multi-stakeholder processes, payment for ecosystem services, and monitoring and evaluation.
2.2. Study Area
2.3. Data Collection
3. Results
3.1. Analysis of Supportive Mechanisms
3.1.1. Ecological Mechanisms
3.1.2. Social Mechanisms
3.1.3. Economic Mechanisms
3.2. Diagnosis of Threats and Challenges
3.2.1. Threatened by Frequent Floods
3.2.2. Threatened by Young Labor Outflow
3.2.3. Threatened by Modern Agricultural Technologies
3.2.4. Challenge to Increase Agricultural Profits
3.2.5. Challenge to Maintain Terraced Fields
3.2.6. Challenge to Improve Rural Environment
3.3. Formulation of Conservation and Development Measures
3.3.1. Management Mechanism Construction
3.3.2. Ecological Conservation
3.3.3. Cultural Inheritance
3.3.4. Green and Organic Product Development
3.3.5. Sustainable Tourism Development
3.3.6. Capacity Building
4. Discussion
4.1. Combining Heritage Conservation with Regional Development
4.2. Multi-Stakeholder Process as One of the Most Important Safeguard Measures
4.3. Monitoring and Evaluation to Guarantee the Implementation Effectiveness
4.4. Strengths, Potentials, and Limitations of the DPSIR-Based Analytical Framework
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | Yield (Tonne) | Sale Ratio (%) | Sales (CNY) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Grain crop | Millet | 1502 | 40.4 | 4,130,000 |
Maize | 3432 | 80.1 | 4,780,000 | |
Soybean | 500 | 58.1 | 1,200,000 | |
Fruit crop | Chinese prickly ash | 754 | 96.6 | 51,160,000 |
Black jujube | 19,012 | 96.7 | 6,660,000 | |
Walnut | 1513 | 90.9 | 23,120,000 |
Sector | Total Employment | Local Farmers | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | <45 Years of Age | Female | ||
Production of agro-products | 17,756 | 16,754 | 5991 | 6575 |
Processing and sales of agro-products | 676 | 676 | 305 | 305 |
Tourism service | 44 | 10 | 10 | 5 |
Inheritance of traditional culture * | 4 | 4 | 0 | 2 |
Other sectors | 199 | 199 | 99 | 0 |
In total | 18,679 | 17,643 | 6405 | 6887 |
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Jiao, W.; Yu, Z.; Sun, Y.; Liu, Y. An Analytical Framework for Formulating Conservation and Development Measures for Important Agricultural Heritage Systems. Sustainability 2023, 15, 4439. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054439
Jiao W, Yu Z, Sun Y, Liu Y. An Analytical Framework for Formulating Conservation and Development Measures for Important Agricultural Heritage Systems. Sustainability. 2023; 15(5):4439. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054439
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiao, Wenjun, Zhounan Yu, Yehong Sun, and Yang Liu. 2023. "An Analytical Framework for Formulating Conservation and Development Measures for Important Agricultural Heritage Systems" Sustainability 15, no. 5: 4439. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054439