Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Different Carya Cathayensis Peel Biochar Additions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Raw Materials
2.2. Characteristics of Carya Cathayensis Peel Biochar
2.2.1. Preparation of Biochar
2.2.2. Morphology of Biochar
2.3. Mix Proportions and Concrete Sample Preparation
2.3.1. Mix Proportions
2.3.2. Specimen Preparing and Curing
2.4. Testing Programs
2.4.1. Strength Testing
2.4.2. SEM and Mercury Injection Meter (MIP) Testing
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Slump of Biochar Concrete
3.2. Porosity of Biochar Concrete
3.3. Micro Structures of Biochar Concrete
3.4. Compressive and Splitting-Tensile Strength
3.4.1. Compressive Strength
3.4.2. Splitting-Tensile Strength
4. Conclusions
- Carya cathayensis peel biochar has a well-developed microporous cellular structure which had a high specific surface area. When it is added to the concrete mixture, it is potentially active in capillary absorbing and sustaining moisture during mixing, which could influence the effective w/c ratio and the concrete compressive strength further.
- For the kind of biochar without organic elements, it is suggested that it should be added to the cementitious mixture as an extra filler or sand substitute. For the optimized addition ratio for the former, the dosage could be limited to 2% of cement by weight in the case of all the concrete-mixture design parameters being kept the same. Otherwise, extra water for mixing should be considered for this super-high specific-surface-area material.
- Adding this biochar by replacing sand that is limited to 10% by volume is feasible for significantly improving concrete compressive strength, due to its capillary-absorption and moisture-sustaining properties. Beyond 10% of sand replacement, this porous material would introduce more initial pores into the concrete matrix, which could cause higher porosity and lower compressive strength of concrete.
- The ITZ between cementitious matrix and biochar particles was found to be much tighter and glossier than the ITZ with sand. These closer and smoother connected zones of biochar-paste strengthened the boundaries against splitting-tensile strength. The highest splitting-tensile strengths appeared in the C5 and C10 groups, which were about 28% higher than in the normal concrete.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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C | O | B | K | Si | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
67.2 | 15.9 | 15.5 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.1 |
Groups | Biochar Content/% | Materials (kg/m−3) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cement | Sand | Stone | Water | Superplasticizer | Biochar | ||
P0 | 0 | 470 | 658 | 1161 | 202 | 1.55 | 0 |
A1 | 1 | 470 | 658 | 1161 | 202 | 1.55 | 4.7 |
A2 | 2 | 470 | 658 | 1161 | 202 | 1.55 | 9.4 |
A3 | 3 | 470 | 658 | 1161 | 202 | 1.55 | 14.1 |
A4 | 4 | 470 | 658 | 1161 | 202 | 1.55 | 18.8 |
A5 | 5 | 470 | 658 | 1161 | 202 | 1.55 | 23.5 |
B1 | 1 | 465 | 658 | 1161 | 202 | 1.54 | 4.7 |
B2 | 2 | 461 | 658 | 1161 | 202 | 1.52 | 9.4 |
B3 | 3 | 456 | 658 | 1161 | 202 | 1.50 | 14.1 |
B4 | 4 | 451 | 658 | 1161 | 202 | 1.49 | 18.8 |
B5 | 5 | 446 | 658 | 1161 | 202 | 1.47 | 23.5 |
C5 | 5 | 470 | 625 | 1161 | 202 | 1.55 | 13.6 |
C10 | 10 | 470 | 592 | 1161 | 202 | 1.55 | 27.2 |
C15 | 15 | 470 | 559 | 1161 | 202 | 1.55 | 40.9 |
C20 | 20 | 470 | 526 | 1161 | 202 | 1.55 | 54.5 |
C25 | 25 | 470 | 493 | 1161 | 202 | 1.55 | 68.1 |
Group | P0 | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | C5 | C10 | C15 | C20 | C25 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Slump (mm) | 240 | 245 | 241 | 231 | 229 | 210 | 241 | 249 | 231 | 235 | 190 | 230 | 235 | 190 | 170 | 130 |
Group | P0 | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | C5 | C10 | C15 | C20 | C25 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Porosity% | 10.2 | 11.6 | 7.9 | 10.9 | 14.4 | 15.4 | 10.3 | 10.8 | 11.1 | 11.6 | 11.7 | 7.1 | 9.8 | 10.9 | 12.0 | 12.9 |
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Li, Z.; Xue, W.; Zhou, W. Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Different Carya Cathayensis Peel Biochar Additions. Sustainability 2023, 15, 4874. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064874
Li Z, Xue W, Zhou W. Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Different Carya Cathayensis Peel Biochar Additions. Sustainability. 2023; 15(6):4874. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064874
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Zhu, Wen Xue, and Wenjian Zhou. 2023. "Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Different Carya Cathayensis Peel Biochar Additions" Sustainability 15, no. 6: 4874. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064874