Semi-Acquaintance Society in Rural Community-Based Tourism: Case Study of Moon Village, China

Round 1

Reviewer 1 Report

The study is well written, the discussion is balanced, but some important information is missing and it needs some improvements, namely:

-        Methodology – important information is missing from this section.

-        In subchapter 3.2. Data collection and processing, the authors state that (lines 220-224:

o   ‘data were collected from multiple sources at different times to increase the credibility of this study. From October 2014 to July 2020, the research group carried out 6 field investigations in Moon village. From 2014 to 2017, tourism development in Moon village was still in its infancy, non-structured interviews were mainly used to collect data’. The authors should provide a  detailed description of the surveys done, giving information on dates, number of participants, objective etc. What was the purpose of the non-structured interviews? How did the interviews take place?

o   There is absolutely no mention about what questions were asked (related to experience/ feelings/ knowledge etc or different topic questions)?

o   ‘Secondary data was also collected to supplement the original data’. (line 229) What does it mean? What were the original data and how were they gathered? What are secondary data? Collection method?

-        Sampling – this must be seriously improved. The authors only mention that:

o   ‘People who participate in semi-structured interviews were selected from local residents and new residents to gain insights from different perspectives (see Table 1)’ (lines 227-228). What sampling technique did you use? Why was that particular technique chosen?

o   Table 1 Profile of interviewees (page 6) – only lists 12 interviewees. Although there is an ongoing debate about what constitutes a representative sample or even the minimum number of interviews for a qualitative research, just 12 persons can hardly provide enough empirical material to work with. You must definitely increase the sample of the underlying population. From what I gather, all the 12 persons are interconnected to some extent, one person leading to the other. While this is important to show the networking in the study area, further information must be gathered from more residents (both native and new ones).   

-        Findings and discussion. I find the placement of this chapter before the Results and analysis is rather odd. First, the results must be presented, followed by Discussion – what does it all mean.

-        Generalization  – the uncertainty about the sampling technique as well as the inadequate sample size does not provide sufficient ground for generalizations about human behaviour in a particularly traditional rural society as the one in China. Researchers must reflect upon the selection and generalization of their conclusions that go beyond the instanced cited in the text.  

-        The English language must be properly revised.  

Minor suggestions are also included in the document attached.

Comments for author File: Comments.pdf

Author Response

Point 1:-        Methodology – important information is missing from this section.

-        In subchapter 3.2. Data collection and processing, the authors state that (lines 220-224:

o   ‘data were collected from multiple sources at different times to increase the credibility of this study. From October 2014 to July 2020, the research group carried out 6 field investigations in Moon village. From 2014 to 2017, tourism development in Moon village was still in its infancy, non-structured interviews were mainly used to collect data’. The authors should provide a  detailed description of the surveys done, giving information on dates, number of participants, objective etc. What was the purpose of the non-structured interviews? How did the interviews take place?

Response 1: Thanks for the comments. We accepted the suggestions and made a supplement in Line 233-234 in Table 1.

Table 1. Fieldwork schedule.

Investigation	Date	Participants	Objective	Main question
1	October 1-7, 2014	Management personnel, tourist	Immersive preliminary understanding of the Moon village	What do you think of Moon village? How do you think of its development prospects
2	May 1-3, 2015	Tourist	Learn about Moon Village from visitors	What do you think of Moon village? What impresses you most?
3	July 10-25, 2016	Tourist, (OR)	Focus on Tourists' and ORs' response to development tourism	Tourist: Have you paid any attention to the ORs besides traveling and relaxing? OR: How did you get involved in tourism development?
4	July 6-21, 2017	New resident (NR), OR	Focus on their response to each other	NR: Why do you choose to stay? OR: What do you think of the newcomers?
5	September 1-16, 2018	Management personnel, NR, OR	Learn about the relationship between the two from the perspective of management	How to get along with others?
6	July 14-18, 2020	Management personnel, NR, OR	Focus on their response to each other	How to treat the relationship between each other?
7	February 24-27,2023	NR, OR	Focus on their response to their relationship	NR: How to integrate into the community of ORs? OR: What changes in traditional code of conduct have been brought about by the development of tourism?

Point 2: There is absolutely no mention about what questions were asked (related to experience/ feelings/ knowledge etc or different topic questions)?

Response 2: Thanks for the comments. We accepted the suggestions and made a supplement in Line 233-234 in Table 1.

Table 1. Fieldwork schedule.

Investigation	Date	Participants	Objective	Main question
1	October 1-7, 2014	Management personnel, tourist	Immersive preliminary understanding of the Moon village	What do you think of Moon village? How do you think of its development prospects
2	May 1-3, 2015	Tourist	Learn about Moon Village from visitors	What do you think of Moon village? What impresses you most?
3	July 10-25, 2016	Tourist, (OR)	Focus on Tourists' and ORs' response to development tourism	Tourist: Have you paid any attention to the ORs besides traveling and relaxing? OR: How did you get involved in tourism development?
4	July 6-21, 2017	New resident (NR), OR	Focus on their response to each other	NR: Why do you choose to stay? OR: What do you think of the newcomers?
5	September 1-16, 2018	Management personnel, NR, OR	Learn about the relationship between the two from the perspective of management	How to get along with others?
6	July 14-18, 2020	Management personnel, NR, OR	Focus on their response to each other	How to treat the relationship between each other?
7	February 24-27,2023	NR, OR	Focus on their response to their relationship	NR: How to integrate into the community of ORs? OR: What changes in traditional code of conduct have been brought about by the development of tourism?

Point 3: ‘Secondary data was also collected to supplement the original data’. (line 229) What does it mean? What were the original data and how were they gathered? What are secondary data? Collection method?

Response3: Thanks for the comments. We modified the statement in Line 226-228.

“More data was collected from management manual, the website of Moon Village (http://www.mingyuecun.cn/)to supplement the original data.”

Point 4:-        Sampling – this must be seriously improved. The authors only mention that:

o   ‘People who participate in semi-structured interviews were selected from local residents and new residents to gain insights from different perspectives (see Table 1)’ (lines 227-228). What sampling technique did you use? Why was that particular technique chosen?

Response 4: Thanks for the comments. We accepted the suggestions and elaborate in Line 222-226.

“In order to fit in with our research theme, as shown in Table 2, we choose 16 based on a snowballing approach (for reaching to a sample with similar background and context related to Moon village)  as the entry point to analyze the construction of semi-community relationship network, other participants in the investigations provided us with new insights from different perspectives. ”

Point 5: Table 1 Profile of interviewees (page 6) – only lists 12 interviewees. Although there is an ongoing debate about what constitutes a representative sample or even the minimum number of interviews for a qualitative research, just 12 persons can hardly provide enough empirical material to work with. You must definitely increase the sample of the underlying population. From what I gather, all the 12 persons are interconnected to some extent, one person leading to the other. While this is important to show the networking in the study area, further information must be gathered from more residents (both native and new ones).   

Response 5: Thanks for the comments. We accepted the suggestions and elaborate in Line 222-226 and we added another survey from February 24-27,2023 with the objective of focusing on original residents’ and the native residents’ response to their relationship. Some of the additional research conclusions are presented in line 535-537, 603-604.

Line 222-226: “In order to fit in with our research theme, as shown in Table 2, we choose 16 interrelated respondents (part of the participants) as the entry point to analyze the construction of semi-community relationship network, other participants in the investigations provided us with new insights from different perspectives. ”

Line 535-537: “Finally, in the process of building the new relationship network, the change from familiar to semi-familiar occurs slowly, which fully reflects the elasticity and inclusiveness of the acquaintance relationship circle.”

Line 603-604: “As a result of entrepreneurship, NRs have even become closer to some of their previously less friendly acquaintances in the tourism business.”

Point 6:-        Findings and discussion. I find the placement of this chapter before the Results and analysis is rather odd. First, the results must be presented, followed by Discussion – what does it all mean.

Response 6: Thanks for the comments. We accepted the suggestions and corrected the placement of the Discussion section and the Results & analysis section.The order of sections is as follows:1. Introduction; 2.Literature review; 3.Research method; 4.Results & analysis; 5.Discussion; 6.Conclusion.

Point 7:  Generalization  – the uncertainty about the sampling technique as well as the inadequate sample size does not provide sufficient ground for generalizations about human behaviour in a particularly traditional rural society as the one in China. Researchers must reflect upon the selection and generalization of their conclusions that go beyond the instanced cited in the text.  

Response7: Thanks for the comments. We accepted the suggestions and examined the representativeness of case and the extensibility of research conclusions which are shown in Line 222-226and Line 650-655 respectively. Finally, the limitations of the research are proposed in Line 666-672.

Line 222-226: “In order to fit in with our research theme, as shown in Table 2, we choose 16 interrelated respondents (part of the participants) as the entry point to analyze the construction of semi-community relationship network, other participants in the investigations provided us with new insights from different perspectives. ”

Line 650-655:“As sojourning becomes a new accepted tourism fashion, the tourism-based community development model of many tourist attractions in China, such as Lugu Lake and Dali Ancient City in Yunnan Province, shows similar characteristics to the Moon Village. As a new concept, buffer guanxi circle can be extended to other applications of tourism community relations research.”

Line 666-672 : “From the perspective of Chinese relations, the discussion of the formation of semi-acquaintance community has certain regional limitations. Therefore, in the future research, we can continue to explore the relationship generation logic and governance strategy of rural tourism communities from the logical starting point of what social relationship characteristics will be presented by communities in the long-term development of rural tourism, take more stakeholders into account and carry out comparative study on community relations from different cultural backgrounds.”

 

 

Point 8   The English language must be properly revised.  Minor suggestions are also included in the document attached.

Response 8: Thanks for the minor suggestions. We accepted the suggestions and made changes accordingly.

We used original residents (ORs for short) to replace the use of ‘native residents’ to keep the consistency throughout the paper.

We changed the sentence in Lines 61-63 to  “In the context of rural tourism development, due to the intervention of external tourism forces, the logic of the establishment of guanxi will change to a certain extent and follow a set of unique derivation routes.” in Lines 60-62.

We changed the sentence in Line 216-217 to “It is recognized for its tourism development and exploration of the community integration model, which increases the representation of Moon village as a case study object.” in Line 210-212.

We changed ‘a resigned project team member’ in Line 235 to “A member of the project team” in Line 238.

We changed the sentence in Line 280-281 to “The development of tourism after 2014 has created conditions for the emergence of semi-acquaintances” in Line  527-528.

We changed the sentence in Line  285-287 to “but social relationship between ORs and NRs, generates from social communication in the process of rural construction and tourism development, and it is maintained in the mutual understanding and humility in the same geographical scope.” in Line 532-534.

We delete the sentence in Line 321 ‘there are mutual assistance among local residents’.

 

We delete the sentence Line 341-342: ‘social space is relatively closed, norms of moral instruct residents not to paranoia and not go to extremes.

 

We delete the sentence in Line  348-352> ‘In the integration of local residents and new residents, they did not follow the primitive agrestic behavioral logic which is mainly characterized by xiangqing comes before rationality even though there has no favouritism of acquaintances and indifference to strangers.’

 

We changed the sentence in Line 374 to “They attach more to affection and reasoning than to nostalgia which generates new social norms and triggers familiarity shock” in Line 251-252.

Reviewer 2 Report

Taking a specific Chinese village as an example, the manuscript analyzes the structural characteristics of semi-acquaintance society from the perspective of "guanxi" with unique Chinese characteristics. In particular, the manuscript considers qualitative research in the context of tourism, which has certain significance for studying community and rural tourism and its governance. But before acceptance, I wish authors would consider the following questions more carefully:

1. The authors are not recommended to use Chinese and English anywhere in the manuscript. For example, although "guanxi" is a word characteristic of China, it is recommended that the authors use it as "guanxi". If necessary, the author can boldly make a brief explanation of "guanxi", "Earthbound China", "renqing", "jiaoqing", and other words in the context of China and the west without the need to use Chinese.

2. I hope to see some new views from the perspective of tourism. The three characteristics presented by the authors in "4. Findings & discussion", specifically, "From familiar to semi-familiar", "From old social consensus to new social consensus", and "From primitive agrestic behavioral logic to interest-based behavioral logic ", is a common feature in almost all local rural development in China but lacks more analysis focusing on tourism factors.

3. Fig.2 is an important research conclusion in the authors' overall analysis. Hopefully, the authors will elaborate and explain Fig.2 in more detail.

Author Response

Point 1: The authors are not recommended to use Chinese and English anywhere in the manuscript. For example, although "guanxi" is a word characteristic of China, it is recommended that the authors use it as "guanxi". If necessary, the author can boldly make a brief explanation of "guanxi", "Earthbound China", "renqing", "jiaoqing", and other words in the context of China and the west without the need to use Chinese.

Response 1: Thanks for the comments. We accepted the suggestions and corrected the expressions. As suggested by the reviewer, we deleted the Chinese in the manuscript and  replaced “shengren” with strangers, “qingli” with affection and reasoning, “renqing (reciprocity or 人情 in Chinese)-based intermediary circle” with reciprocity-based intermediary circle, jiaoqing (acquaintance or 交情 in Chinese)-based periphery circle with acquaintance-based periphery circle, "renqing" with traditional code of conduct, and "xiangqing "with nostalgia, "zhaijidi" with homestead, "hukou" with registered permanent residence, "qing" with affection, "li" with reasoning, "mianzi" with face.

 

Point 2: I hope to see some new views from the perspective of tourism. The three characteristics presented by the authors in "4. Findings & discussion", specifically, "From familiar to semi-familiar", "From old social consensus to new social consensus", and "From primitive agrestic behavioral logic to interest-based behavioral logic ", is a common feature in almost all local rural development in China but lacks more analysis focusing on tourism factors.

Response 2: Thanks for the comments. We accepted the suggestions and stressed that tourism development is a prerequisite for these changes. Since this paper studies the relationship in tourism community, we took the development of tourism as a prerequisite, and focused on the changes of community relationship and the formation of semi-acquaintance society before and after tourism in the conclusion part.

 

Point 3: Fig.2 is an important research conclusion in the authors' overall analysis. Hopefully, the authors will elaborate and explain Fig.2 in more detail.

 

Response 3: Thanks for the comments. We accepted the suggestions and elaborate Fig.2 in more detail in Line 241-261 and the Results & analysis section.

 

“Fig. 2 presents the findings on the rational of semi-acquaintance society formation in tourism context. In acquaintance society, there is a set of social operating norms presented by explicit features such as high familiarity, established behavioral logic and social consensus. The relationship has certain stability in traditional society and is not easy to be broken. However, with the infiltration of new economic forces in the development of tourism, the inclusive and friendly nature of human relations, the boundary of the acquaintance society shows the characteristic of elasticity which makes it open to new entrants. Thus provides an opportunity for the existence of buffer guanxi circle. With the development of rural construction and tourism, new entrants work and live in Moon village. Social relationship between local residents and new residents has changed from strangers to semi-acquaintances. They attach more to affection and reasoning than to nostalgia which generates new social norms and triggers familiarity shock. Under the interweaving of affection and reasoning and interest, local residents and new residents integrate into the new community through jointly supported organizations, resulting in collective action, new social consensus and social norms. Embedding of interest into community generates collective action which promotes community harmony and reshape behavioral logic. The entry of strangers, the transformation of old community into new community is the beginning of change. With new social consensus, social norms and collective actions deconstructing acquaintance society, the rational of semi-acquaintance society formation in tourism context is thus presented. In the following sections, specific derivation of the generating logic in tourism context is explored.”

 

Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Reviewer 3 Report

Changes in the life of local communities bring with them the acceptance of new people and innovations. This research is related to the topic that follows innovation in one of the most developed economies and is therefore very important. Although I am not really sure if it fully meets the objectives of the journal Sustainability primarily because of the methodology used, my opinion about the paper is as follows: In the introduction, there is no clear goal of the work. It is mentioned that Moon Village is a representative tourist village in China, but the reader cannot conclude why it is more representative than the others (eg the primary reasons for the arrival of tourists, attractions other than exhibitions, number of tourists and overnight stays...). Instead, the authors set as a goal that among the results of the work there will be a suggestion of relevant strategies beneficial for the benign management of rural communities. Methodology - The aforementioned calls into question how it is possible to make such a suggestion based on only 16 conducted interviews. In my opinion, it is a small sample to draw big conclusions. Also, the Guanqi concept itself is very recognizable and expected - that is at least I, as a reader, do not see his originality in terms of the relationship between the center (family) and the periphery (new population). That is why in the text I invited the authors to a slightly broader context than the Chinese one.

Comments for author File: Comments.pdf

Author Response

Response to Reviewer 3 Comments

 

Point 1: In the introduction, there is no clear goal of the work.

 

Response1: Thanks for the comments. We accepted the suggestions and stated the research objective of this paper in Line 63-66.

“Thus, this proposed study aims (i) to elaborate the characteristics of social relationship when non-local residents entering communities in the development of rural tourism; and (ii) to discuss the influence of guanxi in the formation of semi-acquaintance community. ”

 

Point 2: It is mentioned that Moon Village is a representative tourist village in China, but the reader cannot conclude why it is more representative than the others (eg the primary reasons for the arrival of tourists, attractions other than exhibitions, number of tourists and overnight stays...). Instead, the authors set as a goal that among the results of the work there will be a suggestion of relevant strategies beneficial for the benign management of rural communities.

 

Response 2: Thanks for the comments. This paper discussed the formation and relationship of community from the integration of aborigines and newcomers. The reason why we chose this place is that it has explored a new mode of rural innovation + cultural tourism innovation in the process of tourism development and rural revitalization. In particular, it has deliberately introduced new villagers, which is equivalent to introducing new relationship power. This paper analyzes the cultivation of community model from the perspective of relationship, so the final foothold is also on the exploration of community management suggestions. The specific reasons for choosing Moon Village as the case point are stated in line 196-210.

 

“The reason of case selection lies in its representativeness. First, before the introduction of tourism, Moon village adopted the common two-tier social governance structure of “administrative village + villagers’ group”, which is in contrast to the social relations re-formed in the development of tourism. Second, after six years of tourism development, Moon village has evolved from an ordinary village to a poetic village built by farmers and artists (newcomers), and has evolved into a national rural tourism destination, which can support the purpose of this study. Even though it cannot be quantitatively evaluated, the correlation between rural tourism and the formation of new social relations can be better traced from the time span and internal mechanism of the village’s tourism development, which makes the study possible. Third, more than 40 cultural and creative projects have landed in Moon village, it is the place that more than 100 potters, artists and designers choose to stay. A proper governance mode has been formed between local residents and new villagers through mutual assistance and integration. Honor has also been rewarded for its tourism development and exploration of the community integration model, which increases the representation of Moon village as a case study object.”

 

Point 3: Methodology - The aforementioned calls into question how it is possible to make such a suggestion based on only 16 conducted interviews. In my opinion, it is a small sample to draw big conclusions.

Response 3: Thanks for the comments. We accepted the suggestions and elaborate in Line 220-224 and we added another survey from February 24-27,2023 with the objective of focusing on original residents’ and the native residents’ response to their relationship.

Line 220-224: “In order to fit in with our research theme, as shown in Table 2, we choose 16 interrelated respondents (part of the participants) as the entry point to analyze the construction of semi-community relationship network, other participants in the investigations provided us with new insights from different perspectives. ”

 

Point 4: Also, the Guanqi concept itself is very recognizable and expected - that is at least I, as a reader, do not see his originality in terms of the relationship between the center (family) and the periphery (new population). That is why in the text I invited the authors to a slightly broader context than the Chinese one.

Response 4: Thanks for the comments. We accepted the suggestions, our innovation lies in that on the basis of the widely recognized concept of guanxi, and the characteristics of the research object, Since the research on relationships is very mature, we put forward the concept of buffer guanxi circle according to our research in Line 129-132 and stated in Line 152-161. In the Results & analysis section, the concept of buffer relationship circle is discussed in depth.

 

Line 129-132: “Thus a buffer guanxi circle which can be defined as a transition zone between the peripheral guanxi circle and the intermediary guanxi circle during the process of strangers' integration into the acquaintance society, with obligations, expectations, social norms, especially interests embedded can be introduced.”

 

 Line 152-161“We find that more strangers enter the community with their own appeal, integrate into the community as a semi-acquaintance after a period of contact. With the expansion of their guanxi circle, there is a deep deconstruction of guanxi between the intermediary guanxi circle and the periphery guanxi circle. Informed by the existing researches on guanxi network dynamics (Guo and Miller, 2010) and the localism of Earthbound China, we try to re-think about the elasticity, plasticity and reciprocity of guanxi in community-based rural tourism, and the transformation of stranger to semi-acquaintance, which are seldom addressed. Thus we try to introduce and explain the buffer guanxi circle of semi-acquaintance society in rural community-based tourism (see Fig. 1)”

 

“ Fig. 3 presents the findings on the rational of semi-acquaintance society formation in tourism context. In acquaintance society, there is a set of social operating norms presented by explicit features such as high familiarity, established behavioral logic and social consensus. The elastic boundary of acquaintance society makes it open to new entrants, which provides an opportunity for the existence of buffer guanxi circle. With the development of rural construction and tourism, new entrants work and live in Moon village. Social relationship between ORs and NRs has changed from strangers to semi-acquaintances. They attach more to affection and reasoning to nostalgia. Under the interweaving of affection and reasoning and interest, ORs and NRs integrate into the new community through jointly supported organizations, resulting in collective action, new social consensus and social norms. The entry of strangers, the transformation of old community into new community is the beginning of change. With new social consensus, social norms and collective actions deconstructing acquaintance society, the rational of semi-acquaintance society formation in tourism context is thus presented.”

Point 5   Suggestions included in the document attached.

Line 8: Is there is a special need for bold font here?

Response 5: Thanks for the comments. We unbolded the word “Tourism” in Line 8.

Point 6  Suggestions included in the document attached.

Line 8: "guanxi" is unknown word... please explain or change

Response 5: Thanks for the comments. We define “guanxi” in Line 40-42: Guanxi, which has been used in English-language tourism literature since the the 2000s (Gilbert and Tsao, 2000; Pan, Laws and Buhalis, 2001), refers to interpersonal relationship.

Gilbert, D., & Tsao, J. (2000). Exploring Chinese cultural influences and hospitality marketing relationships. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 12(1), 45-54.

Pan, G. W., Laws, E., & Buhalis, D. (2001). Attracting Chinese outbound tourists: Guanxi and the Australian preferred destination perspective. Tourism Distribution Channels: Practices, Issues and Transformations, 282-297.

Point 7: Suggestions included in the document attached.

Line 22: As far as I know this is not the proper citation style in Sustainability.

Response 7: Thanks for the comments. We changed the citation style according to the criterion of Sustainability.

Point 8: Suggestions included in the document attached.

Guanxi as social phenomenon must be compared with some other similar phenomenons from other countries or regions. On the contrary, it seems like a very logical social relationship between the natives and the new population in any society and not only in China. So, what is missing here is a broader context to show why guanxi is important in academic research, whether the concept is universally applicable or only related to Chinese communities where the state has intervened and invested.

Response 8: Thanks for the comments. We explained the importance of guanxi  in Line 42-44 and explained the applicability of guanxi in Line120-121.

Line 42-44: In western mainstream literature, guanxi has become an important perspective to understand Chinese society ( Chen, 2017).

Chen, X.Q. (2017). A phenomenological explication of guanxi in rural tourism management: A case study of a village in China. Tourism Management, 63, 383-394.

Line120-121: Similarly to Western being-in-the-world, Eastern guanxi can also be used to explain the interpersonal interaction in tourism development (Bao, Chen, & Ma, 2014).

Bao, J., Chen, G., & Ma, L. (2014). Tourism research in China: Insights from insiders. Annals of Tourism Research, 45, 167-181.

Point 9: Suggestions included in the document attached.

So many geographical locations must be presented on the one geographical map which show location of Moon Village in China or in Province and the China.

Response 9: Thanks for the comments. We presented the location on one geographical map as shown in Figure 2. Case location. which can be seen in the attachment.

 

 

Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Round 2

Reviewer 1 Report

Dear authors,

I appreciate you taking the time to thoroughly take into consideration all the recommendations. I congratulate you for your work.

 

Author Response

There is no more suggestion in Round 2, and thanks to the reviews for all they have done for us and thanks for the appreciation of our work.

Reviewer 3 Report

The authors accepted the suggestions and responded to the objections and the work was significantly improved. Before publishing, I suggest the authors just fix the geographical map: - the location of the case study is poorly visible, - the broader framework is not visible, i.e. the Sichuan province within China should be presented.

Author Response

Response to Reviewer 3 Comments

 

Point 1:  Before publishing, I suggest the authors just fix the geographical map: - the location of the case study is poorly visible, - the broader framework is not visible, i.e. the Sichuan province within China should be presented.

Response 1: Thanks for the comments. We re-presented location on one geographical map as shown in Figure 2. Case location in Line 189-190 which can be seen in the attachment.