Additive Manufacture of Recycled Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Using Pyromellitic Dianhydride Targeted for FDM 3D-Printing Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Mixing and Drying
2.2. Extrusion
2.3. Lab-Scale Filament Production Process
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Benchmarking MFI Values of Commercial Filaments and Unmodified R-PET
3.2. Effect of Chain Extender Concentration on Decreasing MFI of R-PET
3.3. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy
3.4. Manufacturing a Lab-Made 3D-Printing Filament
3.5. D-Printing with Lab-Made R-PET Filament
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Material (Manufacturer) | MFI T (°C) | Test 1 (g/10 min) | Test 2 (g/10 min) | Mean | Standard Deviation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | PLA (Dremel) | 215.0 | 24.64 | 21.11 | 22.87 | 2.50 |
2 | PLA (Wanhao) | 215.0 | 25.49 | 31.71 | 28.60 | 4.40 |
3 | R-PET (reprocessed) | 260.0 | 100.51 | 80.6 | 90.56 | 15.04 |
4 | ABS (HATCHBOX) | 245.0 | 5.18 | 5.60 | 5.39 | 0.29 |
5 | Nylon (Taulman) | 240.0 | 4.19 | 4.68 | 4.44 | 0.34 |
6 | TPE elastomer (Filaments.ca) | 240.0 | 17.31 | 19.10 | 18.21 | 1.26 |
7 | PETG (MG Chemicals) | 260.0 | 5.37 | 5.26 | 5.32 | 0.08 |
Sample | MFI at 260 °C (g/10 min) | MFI at 275 °C (g/10 min) | MFI at 290 °C (g/10 min) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test 1 | Test 2 | µ260 | SD260 | Test 1 | Test 2 | µ275 | SD275 | Test 1 | Test 2 | µ290 | σ290 | |
1 | 100.51 | 80.6 | 90.56 | 14.08 | >200 | >200 | >200 | >200 | ||||
2 | 4.33 | 4.12 | 4.22 | 0.15 | 5.46 | 5.10 | 5.28 | 0.26 | 15.55 | 16.27 | 15.91 | 0.51 |
3 | 1.43 | 1.51 | 1.47 | 0.06 | 3.13 | 3.38 | 3.25 | 0.18 | 9.79 | 9.14 | 9.47 | 0.46 |
4 | 1.26 | 1.17 | 1.21 | 0.06 | 2.80 | 2.83 | 2.81 | 0.02 | 6.33 | 6.49 | 6.41 | 0.11 |
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Alzahrani, M.; Alhumade, H.; Simon, L.; Yetilmezsoy, K.; Madhuranthakam, C.M.R.; Elkamel, A. Additive Manufacture of Recycled Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Using Pyromellitic Dianhydride Targeted for FDM 3D-Printing Applications. Sustainability 2023, 15, 5004. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065004
Alzahrani M, Alhumade H, Simon L, Yetilmezsoy K, Madhuranthakam CMR, Elkamel A. Additive Manufacture of Recycled Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Using Pyromellitic Dianhydride Targeted for FDM 3D-Printing Applications. Sustainability. 2023; 15(6):5004. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065004
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlzahrani, Mohammed, Hesham Alhumade, Leonardo Simon, Kaan Yetilmezsoy, Chandra Mouli R. Madhuranthakam, and Ali Elkamel. 2023. "Additive Manufacture of Recycled Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Using Pyromellitic Dianhydride Targeted for FDM 3D-Printing Applications" Sustainability 15, no. 6: 5004. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065004