Risks in Relation to Adopting Airbnb Accommodation: The Role of Fear of COVID-19
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Airbnb Theoretical Background
2.2. Risks
3. Hypotheses Development
3.1. Risks and the Intention to Adopt Airbnb
3.2. Risks and the Intention to Adopt Airbnb in the Light of the Fear of COVID-19
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Research Model Overview
4.2. The Sample and Design
4.3. Measures
5. Results
5.1. Assessment of outer Measurement Model
5.2. Assessment of the Structural Model
6. Discussion
6.1. Airbnb Risks and Intention to Stay in Airbnb
6.2. Assessing the Moderating Effect
7. Conclusions and Recommendations
8. Limitations and Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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The Model Items | Outer Loading | α | C.R | AVE |
---|---|---|---|---|
Performance Risk | 0.868 | 0.909 | 0.714 | |
Perf_Risk_1 | 0.831 | |||
Perf_Risk_2 | 0.870 | |||
Perf_Risk_3 | 0.866 | |||
Perf_Risk_4 | 0.811 | |||
Financial Risk | 0.823 | 0.883 | 0.654 | |
Fina_Risk_1 | 0.741 | |||
Fina_Risk_2 | 0.736 | |||
Fina_Risk_3 | 0.876 | |||
Fina_Risk_4 | 0.871 | |||
Physical Risk | 0.860 | 0.912 | 0.776 | |
Physical_Risk_1 | 0.814 | |||
Physical_Risk_2 | 0.928 | |||
Physical_Risk_3 | 0.897 | |||
Social Risk | 0.774 | 0.869 | 0.689 | |
Social_Risk_1 | 0.754 | |||
Social_Risk_2 | 0.899 | |||
Social_Risk_3 | 0.831 | |||
Time Risk | 0.917 | 0.932 | 0.775 | |
Time_Risk_1 | 0.933 | |||
Time_Risk_2 | 0.950 | |||
Time_Risk_3 | 0.846 | |||
Time_Risk_4 | 0.782 | |||
Psychological Risk | 0.928 | 0.953 | 0.872 | |
Psyc_Risk_1 | 0.931 | |||
Psyc_Risk_2 | 0.951 | |||
Psyc_Risk_3 | 0.919 | |||
Intention to stay | 0.901 | 0.938 | 0.834 | |
Inte_Stay_1 | 0.938 | |||
Inte_Stay_2 | 0.941 | |||
Inte_Stay_3 | 0.858 | |||
Fear of COVID-19. | 0.901 | 0.920 | 0.622 | |
Fear_Corona_1 | 0.704 | |||
Fear_Corona_2 | 0.855 | |||
Fear_Corona_3 | 0.791 | |||
Fear_Corona_4 | 0.767 | |||
Fear_Corona_5 | 0.720 | |||
Fear_Corona_6 | 0.848 | |||
Fear_Corona_7 | 0.820 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fear_Corona_1 | 0.704 | −0.128 | −0.135 | 0.093 | −0.118 | 0.002 | 0.271 | −0.018 |
Fear_Corona_2 | 0.855 | 0.065 | −0.295 | 0.217 | 0.083 | 0.111 | 0.399 | 0.017 |
Fear_Corona_3 | 0.791 | −0.031 | −0.169 | −0.004 | 0.143 | −0.011 | 0.330 | 0.185 |
Fear_Corona_4 | 0.767 | 0.012 | −0.170 | −0.015 | 0.108 | 0.079 | 0.410 | 0.070 |
Fear_Corona_5 | 0.720 | 0.040 | −0.147 | −0.055 | 0.053 | 0.014 | 0.129 | 0.104 |
Fear_Corona_6 | 0.848 | 0.160 | −0.295 | 0.024 | 0.172 | 0.182 | 0.408 | 0.095 |
Fear_Corona_7 | 0.820 | 0.042 | −0.135 | −0.120 | 0.190 | −0.072 | 0.255 | −0.086 |
Fina_Risk_1 | −0.071 | 0.741 | −0.192 | 0.203 | 0.246 | −0.075 | 0.051 | 0.108 |
Fina_Risk_2 | −0.040 | 0.736 | −0.210 | 0.069 | 0.357 | −0.098 | 0.098 | 0.098 |
Fina_Risk_3 | 0.168 | 0.876 | −0.267 | 0.164 | 0.263 | −0.055 | 0.055 | 0.006 |
Fina_Risk_4 | 0.068 | 0.871 | −0.260 | 0.133 | 0.292 | −0.062 | 0.080 | −0.004 |
Inte_Stay_1 | −0.282 | −0.269 | 0.938 | −0.386 | −0.316 | −0.216 | −0.485 | −0.212 |
Inte_Stay_2 | −0.320 | −0.279 | 0.941 | −0.378 | −0.334 | −0.225 | −0.485 | −0.324 |
Inte_Stay_3 | −0.084 | −0.245 | 0.858 | −0.285 | −0.148 | −0.168 | −0.409 | −0.146 |
Perf_Risk_1 | 0.075 | 0.238 | −0.227 | 0.831 | 0.085 | −0.002 | 0.247 | −0.080 |
Perf_Risk_2 | 0.088 | 0.267 | −0.425 | 0.870 | 0.070 | −0.019 | 0.322 | 0.109 |
Perf_Risk_3 | −0.065 | 0.033 | −0.293 | 0.866 | 0.004 | −0.032 | 0.176 | 0.015 |
Perf_Risk_4 | 0.064 | 0.025 | −0.307 | 0.811 | −0.059 | 0.095 | 0.282 | −0.101 |
Physical_Risk_1 | −0.144 | 0.260 | −0.186 | −0.038 | 0.814 | −0.183 | 0.086 | 0.041 |
Physical_Risk_2 | 0.095 | 0.379 | −0.262 | −0.034 | 0.928 | −0.201 | 0.099 | 0.051 |
Physical_Risk_3 | 0.271 | 0.294 | −0.325 | 0.114 | 0.897 | −0.156 | 0.296 | −0.083 |
Psyc_Risk_1 | 0.043 | −0.092 | −0.211 | 0.065 | −0.146 | 0.931 | 0.357 | 0.088 |
Psyc_Risk_2 | 0.067 | −0.036 | −0.243 | −0.019 | −0.187 | 0.951 | 0.271 | 0.189 |
Psyc_Risk_3 | 0.142 | −0.135 | −0.163 | −0.019 | −0.241 | 0.919 | 0.306 | 0.041 |
Social_Risk_1 | 0.443 | 0.170 | −0.334 | 0.284 | 0.388 | 0.210 | 0.754 | 0.134 |
Social_Risk_2 | 0.352 | 0.081 | −0.462 | 0.319 | 0.180 | 0.329 | 0.899 | 0.241 |
Social_Risk_3 | 0.283 | −0.009 | −0.450 | 0.184 | −0.007 | 0.272 | 0.831 | 0.237 |
Time_Risk_1 | 0.075 | 0.058 | −0.271 | −0.071 | −0.057 | 0.112 | 0.259 | 0.933 |
Time_Risk_2 | 0.075 | 0.054 | −0.289 | 0.037 | 0.029 | 0.178 | 0.258 | 0.950 |
Time_Risk_3 | 0.041 | 0.025 | −0.070 | 0.047 | −0.059 | 0.090 | 0.125 | 0.846 |
Time_Risk_4 | 0.025 | 0.037 | −0.087 | 0.073 | 0.061 | −0.085 | 0.133 | 0.782 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fear of COVID−19 | 0.788 | |||||||
Financial Risk | 0.053 | 0.809 | ||||||
Intention to stay | −0.268 | −0.290 | 0.913 | |||||
Performance Risk | 0.052 | 0.174 | −0.389 | 0.845 | ||||
Physical Risk | 0.126 | 0.355 | −0.305 | 0.030 | 0.881 | |||
Psychological Risk | 0.084 | −0.087 | −0.225 | 0.011 | −0.200 | 0.934 | ||
Social Risk | 0.421 | 0.087 | −0.507 | 0.312 | 0.201 | 0.331 | 0.830 | |
Time Risk | 0.072 | 0.055 | −0.259 | 0.002 | −0.009 | 0.123 | 0.252 | 0.880 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fear of COVID−19 | 0.788 | |||||||
Financial Risk | 0.053 | 0.809 | ||||||
Intention to stay | −0.268 | −0.290 | 0.913 | |||||
Performance Risk | 0.052 | 0.174 | −0.389 | 0.845 | ||||
Physical Risk | 0.126 | 0.355 | −0.305 | 0.030 | 0.881 | |||
Psychological Risk | 0.084 | −0.087 | −0.225 | 0.011 | −0.200 | 0.934 | ||
Social Risk | 0.421 | 0.087 | −0.507 | 0.312 | 0.201 | 0.331 | 0.830 | |
Time Risk | 0.072 | 0.055 | −0.259 | 0.002 | −0.009 | 0.123 | 0.252 | 0.880 |
Endogenous Latent Construct | (R2) | (Q2) |
---|---|---|
Intention to stay | 0.585 | 0.440 |
Beta (β) | t-Values | p-Values | Results | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1 | Financial Risk → Intention to stay | −0.172 | 4.181 | 0.000 | Accepted |
H2 | Performance Risk → Intention to stay | −0.137 | 2.475 | 0.014 | Accepted |
H3 | Physical Risk → Intention to stay | −0.202 | 3.545 | 0.000 | Accepted |
H4 | Psychological Risk → Intention to stay | −0.220 | 3.445 | 0.001 | Accepted |
H5 | Social Risk → Intention to stay | −0.222 | 3.424 | 0.001 | Accepted |
H6 | Time Risk → Intention to stay | −0.139 | 2.222 | 0.027 | Accepted |
H7 | Moderating Effect 1(Financial Risk × Fear of COVID-19) → Intention to stay | 0.006 | 0.098 | 0.922 | Not Accepted |
H8 | Moderating Effect 2 (Performance Risk × Fear of COVID-19) → Intention to stay | 0.345 | 5.575 | 0.000 | Not Accepted |
H9 | Moderating Effect 3 (Physical Risk × Fear of COVID-19) → Intention to stay | −0.186 | 2.983 | 0.003 | Accepted |
H10 | Moderating Effect 4 (Psychological Risk × Fear of COVID-19) → Intention to stay | −0.343 | 3.648 | 0.000 | Accepted |
H11 | Moderating Effect 5 (Social Risk × Fear of COVID-19) → Intention to stay | −0.291 | 3.735 | 0.000 | Accepted |
H12 | Moderating Effect 6 (Time Risk × Fear of COVID-19) → Intention to stay | 0.223 | 2.472 | 0.014 | Not Accepted |
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Agina, M.F.; Aliane, N.; Sawy, O.E.; Khairy, H.A.; Fayyad, S. Risks in Relation to Adopting Airbnb Accommodation: The Role of Fear of COVID-19. Sustainability 2023, 15, 5050. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065050
Agina MF, Aliane N, Sawy OE, Khairy HA, Fayyad S. Risks in Relation to Adopting Airbnb Accommodation: The Role of Fear of COVID-19. Sustainability. 2023; 15(6):5050. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065050
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgina, Mohamed Fathy, Nadir Aliane, Osman El Sawy, Hazem Ahmed Khairy, and Sameh Fayyad. 2023. "Risks in Relation to Adopting Airbnb Accommodation: The Role of Fear of COVID-19" Sustainability 15, no. 6: 5050. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065050