Effects of Land-Use Types on Topsoil Physicochemical Properties in a Tropical Coastal Ecologically Fragile Zone of South China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Site Selection
2.3. Soil Sampling Collection Methods
2.4. Laboratory Methods
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect of Land Use on Soil Physicochemical Property Pattern
3.2. Difference in Soil Physicochemical Property among Land Uses
3.3. Correlation between Soil Physical and Chemical Properties
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Site | Soil Type | Land Use | MSL m | Slope % |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Lithosols | Abandoned land (AL) | 13 | 8.75 |
2 | Abandoned land (AL) | 15 | 3.32 | |
3 | Abandoned land (AL) | 15 | 1.75 | |
4 | Eucalyptus plantation (EP) | 10 | 4.89 | |
5 | Road lawn (RL) | 17 | 1.75 | |
6 | Abandoned land (AL) | 15 | 7.87 | |
7 | Road lawn (RL) | 16 | 3.49 | |
8 | Road lawn (RL) | 20 | 12.49 | |
9 | Luvisols | Abandoned land (AL) | 20 | 16.40 |
10 | Road lawn (RL) | 27 | 11.75 | |
11 | Road lawn (RL) | 24 | 18.75 | |
12 | Eucalyptus plantation (EP) | 21 | 17.63 | |
13 | Eucalyptus plantation (EP) | 26 | 14.05 | |
14 | Eucalyptus plantation (EP) | 16 | 7.63 | |
15 | Eucalyptus plantation (EP) | 23 | 12.28 | |
16 | Eucalyptus plantation (EP) | 19 | 6.12 | |
17 | Eucalyptus plantation (EP) | 19 | 6.12 | |
18 | Eucalyptus plantation (EP) | 20 | 15.24 | |
19 | Abandoned land (AL) | 20 | 13.67 | |
20 | Road lawn (RL) | 29 | 12.62 | |
21 | Abandoned land (AL) | 28 | 13.49 | |
22 | Road lawn (RL) | 28 | 18.75 | |
23 | Eucalyptus plantation (EP) | 26 | 51.24 | |
24 | Abandoned land (AL) | 24 | 11.75 |
0–10 cm | 10–20 cm | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
PC 1 | PC 2 | PC 1 | PC 2 | |
Eigenvalue | 5.47 | 2.88 | 6.30 | 2.72 |
% of Variance | 42.09 | 22.12 | 48.46 | 20.95 |
P | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Variable | Eigenvector | |||
OC | −0.451 | −0.860 | −0.578 | 0.633 |
TN | −0.559 | −0.790 | −0.731 | 0.394 |
TP | −0.434 | 0.319 | −0.869 | −0.131 |
TK | −0.639 | 0.257 | −0.594 | −0.037 |
AN | −0.458 | −0.827 | −0.658 | 0.598 |
AP | −0.087 | −0.055 | 0.330 | 0.432 |
AK | −0.784 | 0.031 | −0.777 | 0.464 |
ECa | −0.901 | 0.018 | −0.783 | 0.317 |
EMg | −0.809 | 0.146 | −0.789 | 0.024 |
BD | 0.813 | −0.080 | 0.773 | 0.155 |
NWC | −0.906 | 0.273 | −0.787 | −0.588 |
TPo | −0.695 | 0.338 | −0.657 | −0.692 |
Texture | −0.309 | 0.663 | −0.542 | −0.664 |
Environmental Variable | 0–10 cm | 10–20 cm | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T | A | P | T | A | P | |||
Land Use | −10.39 | 0.50 | <0.001 | −8.89 | 0.45 | <0.001 | ||
Group | vs. | Group | Pairwise comparisons | |||||
AL | vs. | EP | −7.14 | 0.23 | <0.001 | −1.34 | 0.05 | 0.099 |
AL | vs. | RL | −7.12 | 0.39 | <0.001 | −6.58 | 0.39 | <0.001 |
EP | vs. | RL | −9.00 | 0.56 | <0.001 | −7.95 | 0.48 | <0.001 |
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Ou, Y.; Quiñónez-Barraza, G.; Wang, C. Effects of Land-Use Types on Topsoil Physicochemical Properties in a Tropical Coastal Ecologically Fragile Zone of South China. Sustainability 2023, 15, 5484. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065484
Ou Y, Quiñónez-Barraza G, Wang C. Effects of Land-Use Types on Topsoil Physicochemical Properties in a Tropical Coastal Ecologically Fragile Zone of South China. Sustainability. 2023; 15(6):5484. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065484
Chicago/Turabian StyleOu, Yuduan, Gerónimo Quiñónez-Barraza, and Chubiao Wang. 2023. "Effects of Land-Use Types on Topsoil Physicochemical Properties in a Tropical Coastal Ecologically Fragile Zone of South China" Sustainability 15, no. 6: 5484. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065484