Developing Female Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intentions through an Entrepreneurial Mindset and Motives
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Q1: What are the effects of ECs on EM, EI, and EMTs among Saudi Arabia’s female university students?
- Q2: How do EM and EMTs mediate the association between ECs and EI among Saudi Arabia’s female university students?
2. Literature Review and Formulation of the Hypotheses
2.1. Entrepreneurial Competencies (ECs)
2.2. Entrepreneurial Mindset (EM)
2.3. Entrepreneurial Motives (EMTs)
2.4. Entrepreneurial Intention (EI)
2.5. Entrepreneurial Competencies (ECs) and Entrepreneurial Mindset (EM)
2.6. Entrepreneurial Competencies (ECs) and Entrepreneurial Intention (EI)
2.7. Entrepreneurial Competencies (ECs) and Entrepreneurial Motives (EMTs)
2.8. Entrepreneurial Mindset (EM) and Entrepreneurial Intention (EI)
2.9. Entrepreneurial Motives (EMTs) and Entrepreneurial Intention (EI)
2.10. Entrepreneurial Mindset (EM) and Entrepreneurial Motives (EMTs) as Mediators
3. Methods
3.1. Survey Strategy and Respondents
3.2. Instrument and Reliability
3.3. Data Collection and Sample Size
3.4. Measures
4. Analysis
4.1. Demographic Indicators
4.2. Measurement of Model Assessment
4.3. Structural Model Assessment
5. Discussion and Conclusions
6. Study Implications
6.1. Managerial Implications
6.2. Theoretical Implications
7. Limitations and Future Research Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Offline | Online | df | Sig.(2-Tailed) | Mean Difference | 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | |||||
230 (59.28%) | 158 (40.72%) | 321 | <0.005 ** | 5.007 | 2.624 | 4.725 |
Indicator | Characteristics | Samples | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | <20 years | 91 | 23.45 |
21–30 | 277 | 71.40 | |
31 and above | 20 | 5.15 | |
Total | 388 | 100.0 | |
University | Public | 266 | 68.56 |
Private | 122 | 31.44 | |
Total | 388 | 100.0 | |
Discipline | Engineering | 96 | 24.74 |
Business | 86 | 22.16 | |
Management | 94 | 24.23 | |
Information technology | 77 | 19.85 | |
Others | 35 | 9.02 | |
Total | 388 | 100.0 |
Construct | Code | Loadings | CR | AVE | α |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Entrepreneurial competencies (ECs) | ecs1 | 0.882 | 0.798 | 0.792 | 0.869 |
ecs3 | 0.866 | ||||
ecs2 | 0.857 | ||||
ecs5 | 0.838 | ||||
Entrepreneurial mindset (EM) | em1 | 0.890 | 0.800 | 0.781 | 0.882 |
em2 | 0.867 | ||||
em3 | 0.833 | ||||
em4 | 0.829 | ||||
Entrepreneurial motives (EMTs) | emts1 | 0.878 | 0.761 | 0.799 | 0.820 |
emts3 | 0.859 | ||||
emts5 | 0.828 | ||||
emts4 | 0.810 | ||||
emts9 | 0.798 | ||||
emts13 | 0.765 | ||||
emts10 | 0.749 | ||||
emts12 | 0.730 | ||||
emts6 | 0.719 | ||||
emts7 | 0.701 | ||||
Entrepreneurial intention (EI) | ei1 | 0.872 | 0.789 | 0.826 | 0.873 |
ei2 | 0.862 | ||||
ei3 | 0.844 | ||||
ei6 | 0.820 | ||||
ei5 | 0.808 |
Goodness of Fit Indices | Achieved Value | Acceptance Level |
---|---|---|
Chi-square/df | 2.270 | <5.0 |
CFI | 0.900 | >0.90 |
GFI | 0.932 | >0.90 |
AGFI | 0.918 | >0.85 |
NFI | 0.922 | >0.90 |
RMSEA | 0.037 | <0.08 |
H.No | Independent Variables | Path | Dependent Variables | Estimate | SE | CR | p | Decision |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1 | ECs | → | EM | 0.288 | 0.024 | 6.091 | *** | Accepted |
H2 | ECs | → | EI | 0.241 | 0.032 | 6.009 | *** | Accepted |
H3 | ECs | → | EMTs | 0.249 | 0.026 | 7.391 | *** | Accepted |
H4 | EM | → | EI | 0.032 | 0.026 | 5.690 | *** | Accepted |
H5 | EMTs | → | EI | 0.239 | 0.029 | 5.182 | *** | Accepted |
H.No | Independent Variables | Path | Mediator | Path | Dependent Variables | Estimate | SE | CR | p | Decision |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H6 | ECs | → | EM | → | EI | 0.211 | 0.020 | 5.562 | *** | Accepted |
H7 | ECs | → | EE | → | MTE | 0.230 | 0.023 | 6.172 | *** | Accepted |
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Share and Cite
Abdelwahed, N.A.A.; Alshaikhmubarak, A. Developing Female Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intentions through an Entrepreneurial Mindset and Motives. Sustainability 2023, 15, 6210. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15076210
Abdelwahed NAA, Alshaikhmubarak A. Developing Female Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intentions through an Entrepreneurial Mindset and Motives. Sustainability. 2023; 15(7):6210. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15076210
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdelwahed, Nadia Abdelhamid Abdelmegeed, and Abdulrahman Alshaikhmubarak. 2023. "Developing Female Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intentions through an Entrepreneurial Mindset and Motives" Sustainability 15, no. 7: 6210. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15076210