Evaluation of the Bioaccumulation Capacity of Buddleja Species in Soils Contaminated with Total Chromium in Tannery Effluents in Arequipa (Peru)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Soil Sampling
2.2. Planting of Buddleja Species
2.3. Bioaccumulation Capacity and Soil Quality
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Initial Soil Quality
3.2. Growth of Buddleja Species
3.3. Removal Efficiency of Buddleja Species
3.4. Total Chromium Bioaccumulation in Buddleja Species
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Locations | UTM Coordinates WGS 84 (Zone 19K) | |
---|---|---|
East (m) | North (m) | |
P-QA1 | 220,911.7 | 8,189,203.6 |
P-QA2 | 220,735.2 | 8,189,078.3 |
P-QA3 | 220,559.0 | 8,188,922.2 |
P-QA4 | 220,150.1 | 8,188,458.65 |
Parameter | Samples | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
P-QA1 | P-QA2 | P-QA3 | P-QA4 | |
Texture | Sand: 64% | Sand: 62% | Sand: 65% | Sand: 64% |
Silt: 24% | Silt: 25% | Silt: 24% | Silt: 26% | |
Clay: 12% | Clay: 13% | Clay: 11% | Clay: 10% | |
Organic material (OM) | 2.60% | 2.90% | 2.70% | 2.73% |
Field capacity (FC) | 13.63% | 14.23% | 13.17% | 12.99% |
Withered point (WP) | 6.30% | 6.90% | 5.90% | 5.68% |
Irrigation depth (ID) | 1.9 L | 1.9 L | 1.9 L | 1.9 L |
Samples | Parameter | ||
---|---|---|---|
Days | pH | Conductivity | |
P-QA1 | 0 | 8.33 | 5.73 |
30 | 8.20 | 5.68 | |
60 | 8.15 | 5.65 | |
90 | 8.17 | 5.64 | |
P-QA2 | 0 | 8.34 | 5.71 |
30 | 8.21 | 5.72 | |
60 | 8.20 | 5.70 | |
90 | 8.18 | 5.67 | |
P-QA3 | 0 | 8.33 | 5.74 |
30 | 8.19 | 5.70 | |
60 | 8.18 | 5.79 | |
90 | 8.17 | 5.68 | |
P-QA4 | 0 | 8.32 | 5.73 |
30 | 8.20 | 5.72 | |
60 | 8.15 | 5.67 | |
90 | 8.15 | 5.76 |
Sampling Location | Total Chrome in Soil (mg kg−1) | Total Chrome ECA in Soil (mg kg−1) | |
---|---|---|---|
0 Days | Residential Use/Parks | Commercial/Industrial/ Extractive Use | |
P-QA1 | 527.93 | 400 | 1000 |
P-QA2 | 588.28 | ||
P-QA3 | 1660.99 | ||
P-QA4 | 1784.44 |
Sampling Locations | Total Chromium in Soil (mg kg−1) | ECA for Total Chromium in Soil | Efficiency Removal Percentage (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 Days | 90 Days | Residential and Park Use | Commercial, Industrial and Extractive Use | ||
P-QA1 | 527.93 | 356.80 | 400 | 1000 | 32.4% |
P-QA2 | 588.28 | 438.51 | 25.4% | ||
P-QA3 | 1660.99 | 1071.51 | 35.5% | ||
P-QA4 | 1784.44 | 1042.89 | 41.5% |
Samples of Buddleja Species | Total Chromium Concentration in the Plant | % of the Bioaccumulation Plant |
---|---|---|
P-QA1 | 160.78 | 30.5% |
P-QA2 | 132.3 | 22.5% |
P-QA3 | 523.85 | 31.5% |
P-QA4 | 626.67 | 35.1% |
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Share and Cite
Almirón, J.; Arosquipa-Pachari, K.R.; Huillcañahui-Taco, C.; Huarsaya-Huillca, J.A.; Mamani-Quispe, J.; Ortiz-Valdivia, Y.; Velasco, F.; Tupayachy-Quispe, D. Evaluation of the Bioaccumulation Capacity of Buddleja Species in Soils Contaminated with Total Chromium in Tannery Effluents in Arequipa (Peru). Sustainability 2023, 15, 6641. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086641
Almirón J, Arosquipa-Pachari KR, Huillcañahui-Taco C, Huarsaya-Huillca JA, Mamani-Quispe J, Ortiz-Valdivia Y, Velasco F, Tupayachy-Quispe D. Evaluation of the Bioaccumulation Capacity of Buddleja Species in Soils Contaminated with Total Chromium in Tannery Effluents in Arequipa (Peru). Sustainability. 2023; 15(8):6641. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086641
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlmirón, Jonathan, Karen Rocio Arosquipa-Pachari, Cintia Huillcañahui-Taco, Jamilet Ariana Huarsaya-Huillca, Jose Mamani-Quispe, Yosheff Ortiz-Valdivia, Francisco Velasco, and Danny Tupayachy-Quispe. 2023. "Evaluation of the Bioaccumulation Capacity of Buddleja Species in Soils Contaminated with Total Chromium in Tannery Effluents in Arequipa (Peru)" Sustainability 15, no. 8: 6641. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086641