Quantitative Identification of Cracks in Jointed Layered Rock Specimens under Uniaxial Compression
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Uniaxial Compression Test Based on DIC
3.1. Experimental Equipment
3.2. Principle of DIC Technology
4. Study on Crack Propagation and Mechanical Properties of Three Kinds of Rock Specimens
4.1. Identification of Crack Types
4.2. Quantitative Characterization of Crack Propagation
4.3. Study on Mechanical Properties
5. Study on Acoustic Emission Characteristics
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- A new approach to evaluating crack characteristics is described as follows: the crack is tensile (type I) when the symmetric points have one positive and one negative u′; when the difference between the symmetric points v′ is greater than 0.15, the crack is a shear crack (type II); and when the u′ of the two symmetric points is one positive and one negative and the difference in v′ is greater than 0.15, the crack is a composite tension–shear crack (type I–II). Tensile and shear cracks, a hybrid failure of tensile and shear, are visible in the failure of layered rock specimens.
- (2)
- The covariance parameter V, which is based on the covariance matrix, was used to define the dispersion of the strain field. Under uniaxial compression, specimens with different joint inclination angles obey the same change law: when the crack is not cracked, V remains constant and is almost 0; V rises gradually during the early stages of fracture initiation; when the crack spreads quickly, V rises steeply.
- (3)
- By analyzing the covariance parameter V, a new method for the quantitative identification of different types of cracks was found. Crack types can be identified quantitatively according to the growth rate of V: type I tensile cracks (0.12 × 10−4~0.49 × 10−4); type II shear cracks (1.17 × 10−4~4.5 × 10−4); and type I–II composite tension–shear crack (0.72 × 10−4~0.99 × 10−4).
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Compressive Strength/MPa | Elasticity Modulus/GPa | Poisson Ratio | Density g/cm3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Material A | 44.21 | 3.14 | 0.21 | 2.01 |
Material B | 17.30 | 1.58 | 0.23 | 1.52 |
Displacement | u/mm | v/mm | u′/mm | v′/mm | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Number of Points | |||||
1 | 0.314 | 3.515 | −0.973 | 4.012 | |
1# | 1.973 | 4.053 | 0.771 | 4.011 | |
2 | 0.361 | 3.501 | −0.912 | 3.977 | |
2# | 2.005 | 3.976 | 0.838 | 3.908 | |
3 | 0.430 | 3.316 | −0.761 | 3.734 | |
3# | 1.793 | 3.742 | 0.679 | 3.714 | |
4 | −0.506 | 3.707 | −0.771 | 3.770 | |
4# | 0.773 | 3.671 | 0.520 | 3.643 | |
5 | −0.395 | 3.756 | −0.663 | 3.811 | |
5# | 0.934 | 3.832 | 0.671 | 3.794 | |
6 | 0.736 | 3.230 | −0.539 | 3.633 | |
6# | 1.592 | 3.390 | 0.440 | 3.447 | |
7 | 0.485 | 2.768 | −0.641 | 3.179 | |
7# | 1.660 | 3.067 | 0.667 | 3.021 | |
8 | 1.711 | 2.015 | −0.733 | 3.371 | |
8# | 2.754 | 2.957 | 0.652 | 3.392 | |
9 | 1.874 | 2.180 | −0.631 | 3.502 | |
9# | 3.004 | 3.214 | 0.784 | 3.619 | |
10 | 0.124 | 3.498 | −0.663 | 3.717 | |
10# | 1.508 | 3.693 | 0.774 | 3.611 | |
11 | 0.081 | 3.494 | −0.709 | 3.723 | |
11# | 1.422 | 3.699 | 0.681 | 3.637 | |
12 | −0.477 | 3.707 | −0.811 | 3.792 | |
12# | 1.067 | 3.861 | 0.738 | 3.811 | |
13 | −0.545 | 3.751 | −0.883 | 3.843 | |
13# | 1.155 | 3.971 | 0.817 | 3.915 | |
14 | 0.943 | 3.675 | 3.635 | 0.691 | |
14# | −0.282 | 3.533 | 3.579 | −0.533 | |
15 | 0.850 | 3.505 | 3.471 | 0.609 | |
15# | −0.374 | 3.355 | 3.406 | −0.613 | |
16 | 0.911 | 3.703 | 3.666 | 0.657 | |
16# | −0.429 | 3.487 | 3.543 | −0.678 | |
17 | 0.270 | 3.087 | −0.697 | 3.411 | |
17# | 1.457 | 3.552 | 0.497 | 3.552 |
α Mechanical Parameter | Complete Specimen | 0° | 15° | 30° | 45° | 60° | 75° |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Compressive strength/MPa | 23.13 | 13.11 | 15.57 | 18.62 | 19.60 | 17.22 | 19.50 |
Elasticity modulus/GPa | 2.17 | 0.82 | 1.13 | 1.35 | 1.56 | 1.28 | 1.31 |
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Xiong, B.; Sun, J.; Zhao, Y.; Wang, Z.; Wang, Z.; Chen, B. Quantitative Identification of Cracks in Jointed Layered Rock Specimens under Uniaxial Compression. Sustainability 2023, 15, 7073. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097073
Xiong B, Sun J, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Wang Z, Chen B. Quantitative Identification of Cracks in Jointed Layered Rock Specimens under Uniaxial Compression. Sustainability. 2023; 15(9):7073. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097073
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiong, Baolin, Jia Sun, Yunmeng Zhao, Zhuangzhuang Wang, Zhiyuan Wang, and Bo Chen. 2023. "Quantitative Identification of Cracks in Jointed Layered Rock Specimens under Uniaxial Compression" Sustainability 15, no. 9: 7073. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097073