Sustainable Business Performance: Examining the Role of Green HRM Practices, Green Innovation and Responsible Leadership through the Lens of Pro-Environmental Behavior
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Green HRM Practices and Sustainable Business Performance
2.2. Green Innovation and Sustainable Business Performance
2.3. Responsible Leadership and Sustainable Business Performance
2.4. Responsible Leadership and Pro-Environmental Behaviour
2.5. Green Innovation and Pro-Environmental Behaviour
2.6. Green HRM Practices and Pro-Environmental Behaviour
2.7. Pro-Environmental Behaviour, Responsible Leadership, and Sustainable Business Performance
2.8. Green Innovation, Pro-Environmental Behaviour, and Sustainable Business Performance
2.9. Pro-Environmental Behaviour, Green HRM Practices, and Sustainable Business Performance
2.10. Pro-Environmental Behavior and Sustainable Business Performance
3. Research Methodology
3.1. Sample, Sampling Technique, and Sample Size
3.2. Data Collection and Measures
3.3. Managing Social Desirability and Issues of Common Method Bias
4. Data Analysis and Results
4.1. Measurement Model Assessment
4.1.1. Individual Item Reliability
4.1.2. Cross Loadings
4.2. Discussion
5. Conclusions
5.1. Implications of the Study
5.2. Recommendations of the Study
5.3. Limitations and Directions for Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hypothesis | Statement | Source |
---|---|---|
H1 | Green HRM techniques significantly improve the performance of sustainable businesses. | [64] |
H2 | Green Innovation has a significant positive impact on sustainable business performance. | [64] |
H3 | Responsible Leadership has a significant positive impact on sustainable business performance. | [65] |
H4 | Responsible Leadership has a significant positive impact on Pro-environmental behavior. | [66] |
H5 | Pro-environmental conduct is significantly influenced favorably by green innovation. | [67] |
H6 | Pro-environmental behavior is significantly impacted favorably by green HRM. | [68] |
H7 | Pro-environmental behavior mediates between responsible leadership and sustainable business performance. | [69] |
H8 | Pro-environmental behavior mediates between Green Innovation and sustainable business performance. | [59] |
H9 | Environmentally friendly behavior acts as a bridge between effective Green HRM and sustainable performance. | [70] |
H10 | Pro-environmental behavior has a significant positive impact on sustainable business performance. | [71] |
Frequency | Percentage | ||
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 339 | 87.6 |
Female | 48 | 12.4 | |
Age | Up to 30 years | 189 | 48.8 |
31 to 40 years | 137 | 35.4 | |
41 to 50 years | 43 | 11.1 | |
50 and above | 18 | 4.7 | |
Banking Organization | HBL | 104 | 29.6 |
MCB | 86 | 22.2 | |
UBL | 71 | 18.3 | |
ABL | 64 | 16.5 | |
BAHL | 62 | 16.0 | |
Education | Graduation | 39 | 10.1 |
Masters | 249 | 64.3 | |
MPhil | 83 | 21.4 | |
PhD | 5 | 1.3 | |
Others | 11 | 2.8 | |
Banking Experience | Up to 1 year | 72 | 18.6 |
1–3 years | 105 | 27.1 | |
3–6 years | 118 | 30.5 | |
6–9 years | 39 | 10.1 | |
9 years and above | 53 | 13.7 | |
Province | Punjab | 205 | 53.0 |
Sindh | 91 | 23.5 | |
KPK | 28 | 7.2 | |
Baluchistan | 27 | 7.0 | |
AJK | 22 | 5.7 | |
GB | 14 | 3.6 |
GHRMP | GI | RL | SBP | |
---|---|---|---|---|
GHRMP1 | 0.812 | 0.299 | 0.222 | 0.339 |
GHRMP2 | 0.765 | 0.245 | 0.125 | 0.303 |
GHRMP3 | 0.772 | 0.284 | 0.122 | 0.135 |
GHRMP4 | 0.797 | 0.244 | 0.239 | 0.157 |
GHRMP5 | 0.799 | 0.130 | 0.107 | 0.545 |
GHRMP6 | 0.822 | 0.147 | 0.138 | 0.652 |
GHRMP7 | 0.815 | 0.237 | 0.399 | 0.158 |
GHRMP8 | 0.791 | 0.337 | 0.268 | 0.201 |
GI1 | 0.315 | 0.801 | 0.189 | 0.168 |
GI2 | 0.248 | 0.815 | 0.386 | 0.198 |
GI3 | 0.299 | 0.734 | 0.283 | 0.269 |
GI4 | 0.287 | 0.784 | 0.288 | 0.276 |
RL1 | 0.233 | 0.136 | 0.722 | 0.099 |
RL2 | 0.264 | 0.211 | 0.815 | 0.136 |
RL3 | 0.302 | 0.221 | 0.719 | 0.227 |
RL4 | 0.108 | 0.248 | 0.754 | 0.199 |
SBP1 | 0.169 | 0.155 | 0.122 | 0.718 |
SBP2 | 0.215 | 0.097 | 0.186 | 0.814 |
SBP3 | 0.245 | 0.194 | 0.187 | 0.764 |
SBP4 | 0.199 | 0.214 | 0.307 | 0.715 |
SBP5 | 0.187 | 0.274 | 0.248 | 0.732 |
Variable Name | Mean | SD | CR | AVE | RL | EP | TP | CP | SP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RL | 4.011 | 0.875 | 0.839 | 0.525 | (0.725) | ||||
EP | 3.998 | 0.801 | 0.862 | 0.559 | 0.244 *** | (0.748) | |||
TP | 4.101 | 0.890 | 0.855 | 0.519 | 0.365 *** | 0.027 | (0.720) | ||
CP | 3.895 | 0.795 | 0.868 | 0.577 | 0.188 *** | 0.066 * | 0.072 ** | (0.760) | |
SP | 3.929 | 0.799 | 0.819 | 0.511 | 0.289 *** | 0.264 *** | 0.319 *** | 0.209 *** | (0.715) |
Relationship | Beta Value | SD | p Value | t Statistics |
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Relationship | ||||
Green HRM→SBP | 0.298 | 0.089 | 0.002 | 2.944 |
GI→SBP | 0.188 | 0.099 | 0.016 | 2.074 |
RL→SBP | 0.278 | 0.082 | 0.007 | 2.845 |
RL→PEB | 0.199 | 0.096 | 0.010 | 2.136 |
GI→PEB | 0.235 | 0.088 | 0.021 | 2.135 |
GHRM→PEB | 0.196 | 0.086 | 0.019 | 2.214 |
PEB→SBP | 0.215 | 0.079 | 0.009 | 1.985 |
Indirect Relationship | ||||
GI→PEB→SBP | 0.111 | 0.110 | 0.021 | 1.699 |
RL→PEB→SBP | 0.104 | 0.106 | 0.026 | 1.568 |
Green HRM→PEB→SBP | 0.135 | 0.099 | 0.035 | 1.799 |
R Square | Adjusted R Square | |
---|---|---|
Sustainable Business Practices | 0.624 | 0.610 |
Hypothesis | Statement | Beta Coefficient | Decision |
---|---|---|---|
H1 | Green HRM techniques significantly improve the performance of sustainable businesses. | 0.298 | Accepted |
H2 | Green Innovation has a significant positive impact on sustainable business performance. | 0.188 | Accepted |
H3 | Responsible Leadership has a significant positive impact on sustainable business performance. | 0.278 | Accepted |
H4 | Responsible Leadership has a significant positive impact on Pro-environmental behavior. | 0.199 | Accepted |
H5 | Pro-environmental conduct is significantly influenced favorably by green innovation. | 0.235 | Accepted |
H6 | Pro-environmental behavior is significantly impacted favorably by green HRM. | 0.196 | Accepted |
H7 | Pro-environmental behavior mediates between responsible leadership and sustainable business performance. | 0.104 | Partial Accepted |
H8 | Pro-environmental behavior mediates between Green Innovation and sustainable business performance. | 0.111 | Partial Accepted |
H9 | Environmentally friendly behavior acts as a bridge between effective Green HRM and sustainable performance. | 0.135 | Partial Accepted |
H10 | Pro-environmental behavior has a significant positive impact on sustainable business performance. | 0.215 | Accepted |
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Liu, R.; Yue, Z.; Ijaz, A.; Lutfi, A.; Mao, J. Sustainable Business Performance: Examining the Role of Green HRM Practices, Green Innovation and Responsible Leadership through the Lens of Pro-Environmental Behavior. Sustainability 2023, 15, 7317. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097317
Liu R, Yue Z, Ijaz A, Lutfi A, Mao J. Sustainable Business Performance: Examining the Role of Green HRM Practices, Green Innovation and Responsible Leadership through the Lens of Pro-Environmental Behavior. Sustainability. 2023; 15(9):7317. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097317
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Rangpeng, Zhuo Yue, Ali Ijaz, Abdalwali Lutfi, and Jie Mao. 2023. "Sustainable Business Performance: Examining the Role of Green HRM Practices, Green Innovation and Responsible Leadership through the Lens of Pro-Environmental Behavior" Sustainability 15, no. 9: 7317. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097317