The Use of Cultural Landscape Fragmentation for Rural Tourism Development in the Zemplín Geopark, Slovakia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. First Stage of Landscape Fragmentation Process
3.2. Second Stage of Landscape Fragmentation Process
3.3. Third Stage of Landscape Fragmentation Process
- Average field sizes, dimensions of individual fields post-division, quantity of fields, quantity of divided/formed fields, and length of dividing (proposed) lines;
- Level of similarity of roads from various historical eras and alternatives for designed dividing lines, i.e., tree-lined alleys (various kinds of woody plants) and buffer strips.
- (a)
- (b)
- Organic matter (biomass) production;
- (c)
- Reduction of fields’ sections susceptible to water erosion;
- (d)
- Reduction of fields’ sections prone to wind erosion;
- (e)
- Quantity of honey bee colonies that can be maintained.
4. Results and Discussion
First and Second Stages of Landscape Fragmentation Process
- Defined outputs:
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Serial Number | Abbreviation Field Code | Field Area [ha] | Field Code |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 2601/1 | 65.55 | 202127601/1 |
2 | 1503/3 | 64.48 | 201127503/3 |
3 | 2603/1 | 11.36 | 202127603/1 |
4 | 1603/1 | 7.73 | 201127603/1 |
5 | 2701/1 | 18.63 | 202127701/1 |
6 | 1705/1 | 3.99 | 201127705/1 |
7 | 1703/1 | 0.92 | 201127703/1 |
8 | 2705/1 | 0.41 | 202127705/1 |
9 | 1702/1 | 8.36 | 201127702/1 |
10 | 1701/2 | 22.16 | 201127701/2 |
11 | 1706/1 | 2.06 | 201127706/1 |
12 | 1707/1 | 6.96 | 201127707/1 |
13 | 0701/1 | 114.82 | 200127701/1 |
14 | 1601/1 | 28.91 | 201127601/1 |
15 | 0601/2 | 39.22 | 200127601/2 |
16 | 0507/1 | 20.21 | 200127507/1 |
17 | 0602/1 | 43.37 | 200127602/1 |
18 | 9501/1 | 147.77 | 199127501/1 |
19 | 9701/1 | 50.73 | 199127701/1 |
20 | 2702/1 | 25.03 | 202127702/1 |
21 | 2704/1 | 1.06 | 202127704/1 |
22 | 1804/1 | 0.97 | 201127804/1 |
23 | 2703/1 | 9.97 | 202127703/1 |
24 | 2805/1 | 1.28 | 202127805/1 |
25 | 2801/1 | 1.03 | 202127801/1 |
26 | 2802/1 | 9.31 | 202127802/1 |
27 | 1803/2 | 18.98 | 201127803/2 |
28 | 2806/1 | 0.51 | 202127806/1 |
29 | 1802/3 | 9.19 | 201127802/3 |
30 | 2803/1 | 3.39 | 202127803/1 |
31 | 1901/1 | 141.66 | 201127901/1 |
32 | 0906/1 | 21.15 | 200127906/1 |
33 | 0901/1 | 36.86 | 200127901/1 |
34 | 2003/1 | 1.18 | 202128003/1 |
35 | 1001/1 | 0.36 | 201128001/1 |
36 | 2002/1 | 0.73 | 202128002/1 |
37 | 1902/1 | 2.45 | 201127902/1 |
38 | 2001/1 | 0.42 | 202128001/1 |
39 | 2903/1 | 1.31 | 202127903/1 |
40 | 2904/1 | 0.53 | 202127904/1 |
41 | 2902/1 | 23.61 | 202127902/1 |
42 | 1801/1 | 0.49 | 201127801/1 |
43 | 1802/3 | 9.19 | 201127802/3 |
44 | 0802/1 | 36.54 | 200127802/1 |
45 | 0804/1 | 0.68 | 200127804/1 |
46 | 0903/1 | 18.19 | 200127903/1 |
47 | 0902/1 | 1.27 | 200127902/1 |
48 | 0803/1 | 6.57 | 200127803/1 |
49 | 0801/1 | 39.4 | 200127801/1 |
50 | 0702/1 | 11.72 | 200127702/1 |
51 | 9701/1 | 50.73 | 199127701/1 |
52 | 9701/2 | 10.33 | 199127701/2 |
53 | 9802/1 | 30.33 | 199127802/1 |
54 | 9804/2 | 13.86 | 199127804/2 |
55 | 9803/1 | 1.43 | 199127803/1 |
56 | 9801/1 | 2.65 | 199127801/1 |
57 | 3701/1 | 61.81 | 203127701/1 |
58 | 3702/1 | 57.99 | 203127702/1 |
59 | 3802/1 | 15.26 | 203127802/1 |
60 | 3803/1 | 1.34 | 203127803/1 |
61 | 4704/3 | 22.54 | 204127704/3 |
62 | 4707/1 | 1.67 | 204127707/1 |
63 | 4801/3 | 96.12 | 204127801/3 |
64 | 5806/1 | 66.13 | 205127806/1 |
65 | 5902/1 | 4.93 | 205127902/1 |
66 | 5903/1 | 50.86 | 205127903/1 |
67 | 4901/1 | 10.82 | 204127901/1 |
68 | 2901/1 | 5.49 | 202127901/1 |
69 | 3902/1 | 61.62 | 203127902/1 |
70 | 3901/2 | 58.25 | 203127901/2 |
Total Field Area | 1716.83 | ||
Average Field Area | 24.53 |
Serial Number | Original Field Area [ha] | Field Designation | Number of Resulting Fields | Resulting Field Designation (Designation of Newly Created Parcels after Division) | Resulting Field Area [ha] | Length of Dividing Line [km] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 61.81 | 3701/1 | 4 | A | 7.20 | 0.47 |
B | 25.71 | 0.55 | ||||
C | 13.90 | 0.46 | ||||
D | 15.00 | |||||
2 | 141.66 | 1901/1 | 7 | A | 26.50 | 1.14 |
B | 14.00 | 1.32 | ||||
C | 17.70 | 0.92 | ||||
D | 15.00 | 0.42 | ||||
E | 17.00 | 0.62 | ||||
F | 24,60 | 0.62 | ||||
G | 26.70 | |||||
3 | 96.12 | 4801/3 | 5 | A | 23.50 | 0.60 |
B | 20.40 | 0.81 | ||||
C | 18.00 | 0.84 | ||||
D | 15.40 | 0.40 | ||||
E | 18.70 | |||||
4 | 66.13 | 5806/1 | 3 | A | 25.90 | 0.70 |
B | 19.20 | 0.45 | ||||
C | 20.80 | |||||
Total Field Area | 365.72 | 19 | 365.21 | 10.30 | ||
Average Field Area | 91.43 | 91.3 |
Serial Number | Original Field Area [ha] | Field Designation | Number of Resulting Fields | Resulting Field Designation (Designation of Newly Created Parcels after Division) | Resulting Field Area [ha] | Length of Dividing Line [km] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 65.55 | 2601/1 | 3 | A | 23.60 | 0.62 |
B | 26.50 | 0.64 | ||||
C | 15.50 | |||||
2 | 114.82 | 0701/1 | 5 | A | 28.40 | 1.08 |
B | 27.10 | 1.04 | ||||
C | 16.00 | 1.00 | ||||
D | 20.50 | 0.96 | ||||
E | 22.90 | |||||
3 | 39.22 | 0601/2 | 2 | A | 20.60 | 0.53 |
B | 18.60 | |||||
4 | 43.37 | 0602/1 | 2 | A | 17.90 | 0.49 |
B | 25.50 | |||||
5 | 64.48 | 1503/3 | 3 | A | 17.20 | 1.00 |
B | 25.50 | 0.46 | ||||
C | 21.78 | |||||
6 | 147.77 | 9501/1 | 8 | A | 12.50 | 0.53 |
B | 21.90 | 0.60 | ||||
C | 24.50 | 0.59 | ||||
D | 21.00 | 1.15 | ||||
E | 19.50 | 0.31 | ||||
F | 9.67 | 0.93 | ||||
G | 24.20 | 0.32 | ||||
H | 14.50 | |||||
7 | 50.73 | 9701/1 | 3 | A | 4.93 | 0.27 |
B | 21.00 | 0.43 | ||||
C | 24.80 | |||||
8 | 36.86 | 0901/1 | 3 | A | 18.26 | 0.58 |
B | 18.60 | |||||
9 | 36.54 | 0802/1 | 2 | A | 14.80 | 0.51 |
B | 21.70 | |||||
10 | 39.40 | 0801/1 | 2 | A | 20.80 | 0.46 |
B | 18.60 | |||||
11 | 30.33 | 9802/1 | 2 | A | 18.80 | 0.40 |
B | 11.53 | |||||
12 | 57.99 | 3702/1 | 3 | A | 20.40 | 0.82 |
B | 22.80 | 0.86 | ||||
C | 14.30 | |||||
13 | 50.86 | 5903/1 | 2 | A | 23.56 | 0.66 |
B | 27.30 | |||||
14 | 61.62 | 3902/1 | 3 | A | 26.90 | 1.38 |
B | 19.70 | 0.48 | ||||
C | 14.80 | |||||
15 | 58.25 | 3901/2 | 3 | A | 25.00 | 1.11 |
B | 9.62 | 0.46 | ||||
C | 23.50 | |||||
Total Field Area | 897.79 | 46 | 897.05 | 20.67 | ||
Average Field Area | 59.85 | 59.8 |
Serial Number | Direction | Length of the Road | Length of the Section through the Field |
---|---|---|---|
1 | From Tisza River to Malé Trakany | 3.063 km | 2.145 km |
2 | From Malé Trakany to Čierna nad Tisou | 3.477 km | 1.124 km |
3 | From Čierna nad Tisou to Malé Trakany | 2.322 km | 1.167 km |
4 | From Veľké Trakany to Biel | 3.495 km | 1.829 km |
5 | From Veľké Trakany to Hungary | 4.332 km | 3.551 km |
6 | From Biel to Hungary | 2.362 km | 2.362 km |
7 | From Veľké Trakany to Hungary | 3.403 km | 3.403 km |
8 | From Veľké Trakany to Hungary | 4.123 km | 4.123 km |
9 | From border area of Čierna nad Tisou to Tisza River | 2.861 km | 2.861 km |
10 | Malé Trakany | 1.549 km | 1.549 km |
Serial Number | Direction | Length of the Road | Length of the Section through the Field |
---|---|---|---|
1 | From Malé Trakany to Tisza River | 3.763 km | 0 km |
2 | From Malé Trakany to Čierna nad Tisou | 3.008 km | 0 km |
3 | From Malé Trakany to Hungary | 3.119 km | 0 km |
4 | From Veľké Trakany to Biel | 2.480 km | 0 km |
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Rybárová, J.; Rybár, R.; Tometzová, D.; Wittenberger, G. The Use of Cultural Landscape Fragmentation for Rural Tourism Development in the Zemplín Geopark, Slovakia. Sustainability 2024, 16, 4011. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16104011
Rybárová J, Rybár R, Tometzová D, Wittenberger G. The Use of Cultural Landscape Fragmentation for Rural Tourism Development in the Zemplín Geopark, Slovakia. Sustainability. 2024; 16(10):4011. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16104011
Chicago/Turabian StyleRybárová, Jana, Radim Rybár, Dana Tometzová, and Gabriel Wittenberger. 2024. "The Use of Cultural Landscape Fragmentation for Rural Tourism Development in the Zemplín Geopark, Slovakia" Sustainability 16, no. 10: 4011. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16104011