Toxicity of Bioactive Compounds of Strychnos pseudoquina (Loganiaceae) in Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material Collection and Preparation of Extracts
2.2. Rearing of S. frugiperda
2.3. Maize Production for Feeding Larvae
2.4. Preparation and Offering of Different Fractions of Plant Extracts to Larvae
2.5. Antixenosis Effect of S. pseudoquina Extracts and Their Fractions on S. frugiperda
2.6. Effects of Antibiosis of S. pseudoquina Extracts on S. frugiperda
2.7. Flavonoids Isolated from S. pseudoquina Bark Extract and Their Larvicidal Activity against S. frugiperda
2.8. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Antixenosis Effects of S. pseudoquina Extracts on S. frugiperda
3.2. Effects of Antibiosis of S. pseudoquina Extracts on S. frugiperda
3.3. Larvicidal Effect of Secondary Metabolites Isolated from S. pseudoquina Extract on S. frugiperda
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tested Sample (% w/v) | Larvae Visiting Treated Corn Leaf Fragments (Mean and Standard Deviation) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time (Minutes) | ||||||||
15 | 30 | 60 | 120 | 240 | 720 | 1140 | ||
BARK | Crude B 0.5 | 1.67 ± 1.03 | 1.83 ± 1.17 | 1.67 ± 1.37 | 1.67 ± 0.52 | 1.83 ± 0.75 | 1.33 ± 0.52 | 0.67 ± 0.52 |
Crude B 5 | 0.83 ± 0.75 | 1.00 ± 1.10 | 1.50 ± 1.38 | 1.17 ± 0.98 | 1.00 ± 0.63 | 1.50 ± 0.55 | 1.67 ± 0.52 | |
EABF 0.5 | 1.17 ± 0.98 | 1.50 ± 0.84 | 1.67 ± 1.03 | 1.67 ± 0.82 | 1.33 ± 1.03 | 1.00 ± 0.89 | 1.50 ± 1.22 | |
EABF 5 | 1.33 ± 0.52 | 1.50 ± 0.55 | 1.50 ± 0.55 | 1.67 ± 0.82 | 2.50 ± 1.22 | 1.67 ± 0.82 | 0.83 ± 0.75 | |
MBF 0.5 | 1.67 ± 1.37 | 1.83 ± 1.47 | 1.67 ± 1.21 | 1.50 ± 1.05 | 2.00 ± 0.89 | 1.67 ± 0.52 | 1.00 ± 0.63 | |
MBF 5 | 1.33 ± 1.37 | 1.67 ± 1.51 | 1.33 ± 1.37 | 1.83 ± 1.33 | 1.83 ± 0.75 | 2.33 ± 1.63 | 1.17 ± 0.75 | |
Control | 1.83 ± 1.72 | 1.83 ± 1.83 | 2.33 ± 1.97 | 1.67 ± 1.75 | 1.67 ± 1.21 | 2.17 ± 0.75 | 1.00 ± 0.63 | |
p-value | 0.79 | 0.91 | 0.97 | 0.89 | 0.20 | 0.17 | 0.26 | |
LEAF | Crude L 0.5 | 1.83 ± 1.33 | 2.33 ± 0.52 | 2.50 ± 0.55 | 2.33 ± 1.51 | 2.50 ± 0.55 | 1.83 ± 1.47 | 0.67 ± 0.82 |
Crude L 5 | 1.00 ± 1.67 | 1.33 ± 1.75 | 2.00 ± 1.79 | 2.33 ± 1.63 | 2.00 ± 0.89 | 1.67 ± 1.21 | 1.17 ± 1.47 | |
EALF 0.5 | 1.00 ± 0.89 | 1.33 ± 1.51 | 1.67 ± 1.37 | 1.33 ± 1.21 | 2.67 ± 1.03 | 1.67 ± 0.82 | 1.00 ± 0.63 | |
EALF 5 | 0.83 ± 0.75 | 1.67 ± 1.03 | 1.67 ± 0.82 | 1.50 ± 0.55 | 1.17 ± 0.75 | 1.67 ± 0.82 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | |
MLF 0.5 | 1.17 ± 1.60 | 1.33 ± 1.51 | 1.33 ± 1.51 | 1.33 ± 1.03 | 1.33 ± 1.03 | 1.33 ± 0.52 | 0.67 ± 0.82 | |
MLF 5 | 1.17 ± 1.33 | 1.33 ± 1.63 | 1.67 ± 1.37 | 1.33 ± 1.21 | 1.67 ± 1.21 | 2.33 ± 1.03 | 1.83 ± 0.75 | |
Control | 1.83 ± 1.83 | 1.33 ± 1.03 | 1.67 ± 1.37 | 1.50 ± 0.84 | 1.67 ± 0.52 | 1.67 ± 0.52 | 1.83 ± 1.47 | |
p-value | 0.78 | 0.59 | 0.61 | 0.70 | 0.06 | 0.74 | 0.16 |
Duration of Stage (Days) | Pupal Mortality (%) | Sex Ratio (♀/♂ + ♀) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tested Sample (% w/v) | Larval | Pupal | Adult | Total * | ||
Crude extract | ||||||
0.01 | 16 ± 3.28 a | 9 ± 0.63 b | 3 ± 0.82 b | 30 ± 1.37 a | 0 a | 0.1 b |
0.05 | 15 ± 3.78 a | 9 ± 0.71 b | 4 ± 1.37 b | 30 ± 1.83 a | 16.66 a | 0.5 a |
0.1 | 14 ± 3.25 a | 9 ± 0.55 b | 4 ± 0.63 b | 30 ± 0.82 a | 0 a | 0.5 a |
0.5 | 13 ± 1.57 b | 8 ± 0.58 b | 4 ± 0.58 b | 29 ± 0.58 a | 0 a | 1.0 a |
1 | 15 ± 3.05 a | 9 ± 0.50 b | 3 ± 0.50 b | 30 ± 0.96 a | 10 a | 0.0 b |
2.5 | 15 ± 3.17 a | 9 ± 0.67 b | 4 ± 0.87 b | 30 ± 1.41 a | 10 a | 0.4 a |
5 | 15 ± 2.89 a | 8 ± 0.55 b | 4 ± 0.84 b | 30 ± 0.71 a | 40 a | 0.6 a |
Bark—EAF | ||||||
0.01 | 15 ± 3.16 a | 9 ± 0.73 b | 5 ± 1.57 a | 29 ± 1.57 a | 13.63 a | 0.6 a |
0.05 | 15 ± 1.81 a | 9 ± 0.65 b | 4 ± 1.14 b | 28 ± 1.80 a | 4.34 a | 0.4 a |
0.1 | 15 ± 2.03 a | 9 ± 0.69 b | 5 ± 1.42 a | 29 ± 1.14 a | 13.63 a | 0.6 a |
0.5 | 15 ± 2.37 a | 9 ± 0.65 b | 5 ± 1.11 a | 29 ± 1.72 a | 13.33 a | 0.8 a |
1 | 9 ± 3.24 b | 11 ± 0.55 a | 4 ± 1.41 b | 29 ± 0.84 a | 14.28 a | 0.4 a |
2.5 | 15 ± 2.38 a | 9 ± 0.75 b | 5 ± 1.42 a | 29 ± 1.58 a | 10 a | 0.7 a |
5 | 11 ± 3.53 b | 10 ± 0.50 a | 4 ± 1.25 b | 28 ± 1.69 b | 8.33 a | 0.2 b |
Bark—MBF | ||||||
0.01 | 15 ± 2.17 a | 11 ± 0.57 a | 3 ± 0.92 b | 29 ± 1.09 a | 9.09 a | 0.2 b |
0.05 | 14 ± 2.98 a | 11 ± 0.52 a | 4 ± 1.45 b | 29 ± 1.55 a | 18.75 a | 0.2 b |
0.1 | 15 ± 2.55 a | 11 ± 0.89 a | 3 ± 0.78 b | 29 ± 2.04 a | 20.83 a | 0.3 a |
0.5 | 15 ± 3.57 a | 11 ± 0.50 a | 3 ± 0.87 b | 29 ± 0.67 a | 29.41 a | 0.1 b |
1 | 14 ± 2.86 a | 11 ± 0.84 a | 4 ± 0.67 b | 30 ± 1.24 a | 5.26 a | 0.2 b |
2.5 | 14 ± 4.45 a | 11 ± 0.85 a | 3 ± 1.09 b | 30 ± 1.70 a | 6.66 a | 0.3 a |
5 | 16 ± 3.51 a | 11 ± 1.04 a | 4 ± 0.85 b | 31 ± 2.13 a | 4.00 a | 0.3 a |
Control | ||||||
15 ± 0.76 a | 9 ± 1.04 b | 3 ± 1.08 b | 29 ± 1.06 a | 3.44 a | 0.6 a |
Treatment | Concentration (PPM) | Larval Mortality (%) * |
---|---|---|
Strychobiflavone | 2.500 | 0 a |
Strychobiflavone | 5.000 | 8.3 a |
Strychobiflavone | 10.000 | 16.6 a |
3-O-methilquercetin | 2.500 | 16.6 a |
3-O-methilquercetin | 5.000 | 8.3 a |
3-O-methilquercetin | 10.000 | 8.3 a |
Control | - | 0 a |
Treatment | Concentration (PPM) | Larval Mortality (%) * |
---|---|---|
3-O-methilquercetin | 10.000 | 0 a |
Strychobiflavone | 10.000 | 8.3 a |
Control | - | 0 a |
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Souza, T.A.A.; Menezes, A.C.S.; Santos, C.K.G.; Jesus, F.G.; Rocha, E.C.; Araújo, M.S. Toxicity of Bioactive Compounds of Strychnos pseudoquina (Loganiaceae) in Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae). Sustainability 2024, 16, 4430. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114430
Souza TAA, Menezes ACS, Santos CKG, Jesus FG, Rocha EC, Araújo MS. Toxicity of Bioactive Compounds of Strychnos pseudoquina (Loganiaceae) in Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae). Sustainability. 2024; 16(11):4430. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114430
Chicago/Turabian StyleSouza, Tainá A. A., Antônio C. S. Menezes, Cássia K. G. Santos, Flávio G. Jesus, Ednaldo C. Rocha, and Márcio S. Araújo. 2024. "Toxicity of Bioactive Compounds of Strychnos pseudoquina (Loganiaceae) in Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae)" Sustainability 16, no. 11: 4430. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114430