Impacts of Environmental Knowledge, Motives, and Behavior on Ecotourism
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Background
2.1. The Relationship of Environmental Knowledge and Motives with Environmental Behavior
2.2. The Relationship of Environmental Behavior, Environmental Knowledge, and Motivation with Perceived Value
2.3. Empirical Model
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Study Area
3.2. Data Collection
3.3. Theoretical Justification
3.4. Data Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Measurement Model
4.2. Structural Model
5. Discussion
5.1. Influence of Pro-Environmental Behavior on Percieved Value
5.2. Influence of Motivation on Pro-Environmental Behavior
5.3. Influence of Motivation on Perceived Value
5.4. Influence of Environmental Knowledge on Pro-Environmental Behavior
5.5. Influence of Environmental Knowledge on Perceived Value
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Construct | Indicator | Outer Loadings | t-Values | Cronbach’s Alpha | CR | AVE | Literary Sources Related to the Construct | Literary Sources Related to the Indicators |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Environmental knowledge (EK) | EKGW | 0.976 | 263.78 | 0.977 | 0.985 | 0.956 | [34,35,38,46,122] | [22] |
EKOD | 0.978 | 233.87 | [22,39] | |||||
EKSLR | 0.979 | 219.06 | [32,33] | |||||
Motivation (MOT) | SOC | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | [22,43] | [95,96] | |
Environmental behavior (EB) | EBRG | 0.446 | 3.63 | 0.798 | 0.719 | 0.409 | [115,122] | [32,64,97,98] |
EBC | 0.744 | 10.91 | [64,69] | |||||
EBES | 0.476 | 5.56 | [32,33,36,64] | |||||
EBCOP | 0.807 | 15.23 | [36,64,98] | |||||
Perceived value (PV) | TC | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | [12,46,47] | [49,57,101] |
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Variables | (%) | Mean | Std. Error |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Male | 60.43 | ||
Female | 39.57 | ||
Age | 42.01 | 0.62 | |
21–30 | 10.64 | ||
31–40 | 32.34 | ||
41–50 | 42.13 | ||
51–60 | 11.06 | ||
61–70 | 3.83 | ||
Family members | 13.97 | 0.16 | |
1 | 0.43 | ||
2 | 7.23 | ||
3 | 22.55 | ||
4 | 44.26 | ||
5 | 19.57 | ||
6 | 5.96 | ||
Education (in years) | 13.97 | 0.16 | |
Membership of Environmental societies | 2.98 |
Behavior | Visitors (%) |
---|---|
Sustainable use of water | 68 |
Composting | 69 |
Reducing the use of non-biodegradable materials | 69 |
Consumption of organic produce | 70 |
Recycling and proper disposal of garbage | 77 |
Energy-saving actions | 81 |
Construct | Indicator | Outer Loadings | CR | AVE |
---|---|---|---|---|
Environmental knowledge (EK) | EKGW | 0.976 | 0.985 | 0.956 |
EKOD | 0.978 | |||
EKSLR | 0.979 | |||
Motivation (MOT) | SOC | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Environmental behavior (EB) | EBRG | 0.446 | 0.719 | 0.409 |
EBC | 0.744 | |||
EBES | 0.476 | |||
EBCOP | 0.807 | |||
Perceived value (PV) | TC | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Indicator | EB | EK | MOT | PV |
---|---|---|---|---|
EBRG | 0.389 | −0.187 | 0.068 | 0.107 |
EBC | 0.755 | −0.356 | 0.134 | 0.043 |
EBES | 0.497 | −0.213 | 0.066 | −0.019 |
EBCOP | 0.818 | −0.408 | 0.181 | 0.000 |
EKGW | −0.468 | 0.976 | −0.084 | −0.018 |
EKOD | −0.450 | 0.979 | −0.097 | 0.013 |
EKSLR | −0.484 | 0.978 | −0.155 | −0.001 |
SOC | 0.190 | −0.115 | 1.000 | 0.067 |
TC | 0.041 | −0.002 | 0.067 | 1.000 |
Construct | EB | EK | MOT | PV |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fornell–Larcker criterion | ||||
EB | 0.640 | −0.479 | 0.190 | 0.041 |
EK | −0.479 | 0.978 | −0.115 | −0.002 |
MOT | 0.190 | −0.115 | 1.000 | 0.067 |
PV | 0.041 | −0.002 | 0.067 | 1.000 |
Heterotrait/Monotrait Ratio (HTMT) | ||||
EB | ||||
EK | 0.660 | |||
MOT | 0.251 | 0.116 | ||
PV | 0.095 | 0.011 | 0.067 |
Hypotheses | Coefficient | t-Values | Result |
---|---|---|---|
H1: Environmental knowledge → Environmental behavior | −0.475 *** | −8.43 | Not supported |
H2: Motivation → Environmental behavior | 0.121 ** | 1.81 | Supported |
H3: Environmental behavior → Perceived value | 0.160 *** | 2.40 | Supported |
H4: Environmental knowledge → Perceived value | 0.101 ** | 1.08 | Not supported |
H5: Motivation → Perceived value | 0.084 ** | 1.65 | Supported |
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Jayasekara, K.D.D.S.; Rajapaksa, D.; Gunawardena, U.A.D.P. Impacts of Environmental Knowledge, Motives, and Behavior on Ecotourism. Sustainability 2024, 16, 4724. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114724
Jayasekara KDDS, Rajapaksa D, Gunawardena UADP. Impacts of Environmental Knowledge, Motives, and Behavior on Ecotourism. Sustainability. 2024; 16(11):4724. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114724
Chicago/Turabian StyleJayasekara, K. Deshika De S., Darshana Rajapaksa, and U. A. D. Prasanthi Gunawardena. 2024. "Impacts of Environmental Knowledge, Motives, and Behavior on Ecotourism" Sustainability 16, no. 11: 4724. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114724