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Systematic Review

Towards Zero: A Review on Strategies in Achieving Net-Zero-Energy and Net-Zero-Carbon Buildings

Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4735; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114735
Submission received: 29 April 2024 / Revised: 24 May 2024 / Accepted: 29 May 2024 / Published: 2 June 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Building Environment)

Abstract

The establishment of net-zero-energy and net-zero-carbon buildings can offer significant opportunities to reduce environmental impact in the building sector. Several successful net-zero-energy buildings highlight the feasibility of reducing energy consumption via energy-efficient strategies and the use of renewable energy technologies. To comprehend the existing innovatory designs, techniques, and practices employed to achieve net-zero-energy buildings, this research aims to review the up-to-date advancements in net-zero-energy building practices. The utilization of embodied carbon assessments to achieve the net-zero status of buildings is explored. The findings indicate an escalating global interest and participation in the field of study, and reveal three major areas related to net-zero-energy buildings: multidisciplinary approaches, energy systems, and guidance, which together cover thirteen subfields. The role of life cycle assessment in buildings is emphasized, offering insights into the role of embodied emissions relative to operational emissions over the entire life cycle of a building. In the end, possible future study directions are outlined, including balancing energy efficiency with sustainability, and assessing the impact of design on emissions and economic outcomes. These areas collectively contribute to transforming sustainable building concepts into reality.
Keywords: net-zero-energy building; net-zero-carbon building; sustainable building design; embodied carbon; life cycle assessment net-zero-energy building; net-zero-carbon building; sustainable building design; embodied carbon; life cycle assessment

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lou, H.-L.; Hsieh, S.-H. Towards Zero: A Review on Strategies in Achieving Net-Zero-Energy and Net-Zero-Carbon Buildings. Sustainability 2024, 16, 4735. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114735

AMA Style

Lou H-L, Hsieh S-H. Towards Zero: A Review on Strategies in Achieving Net-Zero-Energy and Net-Zero-Carbon Buildings. Sustainability. 2024; 16(11):4735. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114735

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lou, Hoi-Lam, and Shang-Hsien Hsieh. 2024. "Towards Zero: A Review on Strategies in Achieving Net-Zero-Energy and Net-Zero-Carbon Buildings" Sustainability 16, no. 11: 4735. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114735

APA Style

Lou, H.-L., & Hsieh, S.-H. (2024). Towards Zero: A Review on Strategies in Achieving Net-Zero-Energy and Net-Zero-Carbon Buildings. Sustainability, 16(11), 4735. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114735

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