Exploring the Competencies, Phases and Dimensions of Municipal Administrative Management towards Sustainability: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Municipal administrative management plays a crucial role in the progress of local communities, with its effectiveness and efficiency being determining factors for the economic growth and sustainable development of a region. Therefore, it is essential to understand how local governments approach administrative management with a view to promoting sustainable practices. This research focuses on analyzing municipal administrative management from a global and multidimensional perspective, examining both its competencies and its phases and dimensions. The methodology employed is a systematic literature review using PRISMA. Among the findings, the thematic diversity in municipal management stands out, with a particular focus on performance evaluation and quality. The main competencies of local governments include the promotion of social welfare and sustainable development. The key dimensions of administrative management focused on sustainability encompass social, organizational, environmental, economic, and political aspects, highlighting the complexity of municipal management. Strategic planning is identified as essential, along with a balanced focus on all phases of implementation, control, and improvement. This research provides an understanding of how local governments can play a fundamental role in improving the quality of life of their communities through effective and sustainable management.

1. Introduction

Municipal administrative management, as a fundamental axis in the operation of local governments, plays a determining role in the efficient delivery of essential services demanded by the community. In a global context characterized by rapid urbanization and the proliferation of socio-economic and environmental challenges, such as inequality, environmental degradation, and the climate crisis, the effective management of resources and the implementation of sustainable policies emerge as essential requirements to ensure welfare and enhance the quality of life of citizens.

The evolution of the governmental sphere over time has fostered the advancement of state administration with the aim of providing superior services in line with citizens’ demands. This progress requires an efficient management of public resources [1,2], as evidenced by the achievement of optimal benefits for the community, especially in a scenario where municipalities find themselves at the epicenter of a critical crossroads.

Effective administration promotes the achievement of positive outcomes for the entity and influences its preparation and organization by considering all mechanisms to reach its goals and mitigate possible adverse impacts or potential problems [3]. Likewise, municipal government plays a vital role in ensuring the effectiveness of social policies at the national level, maintaining an optimal standard of living for the population.

From a hierarchical perspective, municipal administration is considered the closest to citizens, enabling a greater capacity to understand and address their needs. Competent municipal administration becomes an essential pillar for the stability of the country by considering the interests of all its inhabitants [4]. Similarly, municipal governments play a fundamental role in promoting and advancing sustainability and sustainable development in local communities. As key actors in resource management and public service delivery, they have the responsibility to adopt policies and practices that balance current and future needs, ensuring the protection of the environment, social welfare, and economic progress in an equitable manner [5].

The level of success achieved by local governments reflects the harmony between their actions and the results obtained, as long as a tangible public value is perceived that generates advantages for society, improving welfare and quality of life while promoting progress. These results are identified through essential dimensions that constitute a fundamental piece for performance evaluation [6]. Local governments, through the use of generic dimensions, create their own indicators to measure their performance in an effort to foster governmental effectiveness.

Analyzing management, diagnosing it, and seeking improvements have a direct impact on the way internal administrative operations of municipalities evolve, known as the driving spirit behind their development. Similarly, documented information, control systems, and resulting measures contribute to administrative improvement [7]. This provides decision-makers in the municipality with a stronger criterion for establishing actions. External factors such as inflation, global economies, and health crises can significantly influence municipal management. It is essential for local governments to be prepared to adapt to these external dynamics by implementing flexible strategies and resilient policies to maintain stability and sustainable development in their communities [8].

The complexity of contemporary challenges demands rigorous and efficient municipal management. However, the lack of clarity regarding essential competencies, appropriate management phases, and relevant dimensions in the municipal sphere can pose a significant obstacle to achieving sustainability. In this context, it is imperative to identify and thoroughly understand these crucial elements in order to direct policies, practices, and programs that actively promote sustainable development in local communities, thereby ensuring coherent and lasting progress.

Previous research has addressed this topic extensively. Among the most notable and relevant studies is that by Adams et al. [9], who conducted a systematic review to contribute to the ongoing conceptual development of sustainability-oriented innovation (SOI) and provide initial guidance on how to achieve it. They analyzed 100 academic articles and 27 gray literature sources from the three Earth Summits (1992, 2002, and 2012). The authors organized and integrated the diverse literature on SOI and developed a synthesized conceptual framework to map its practices and processes. They emphasize that SOI involves making intentional changes in an organization’s philosophy and values, as well as its products, processes, or practices, to create social and environmental value in addition to economic returns.

Similarly, Ramírez and Grijalba [10] conducted a systematic review on sustainability and resilience in smart urban planning, using the PRISMA methodology to collect 87 articles. This compilation allowed for the construction and visualization of co-occurrence networks of keywords extracted from the selected articles. The study highlights that cities should be considered as complex systems that function in synchronization, where the relationship between interurban and intraurban processes is key to understanding their dynamics. Therefore, it is crucial to study urban planning from a sustainable environmental planning perspective, focusing on four themes: urban planning, sustainability, resilience, and smart cities.

Regarding local governments, Domingues et al. [11] conducted a study on the criteria and indicators for a sustainability label for local public services. The study emphasizes that local governments, due to their proximity to citizens, are progressing more rapidly than other levels of the public sector in integrating sustainability principles into their operations and strategies. Through an exploratory case study, they demonstrated the utility of a sustainability label in helping local governments assess and communicate the sustainable performance of their public services. This approach could inspire and support other levels of government, including central and regional public administrations, in adopting sustainability labels and improving their own performance approaches.

Likewise, the study by Fenton and Gustafsson [12] reviews recent literature on governance for urban sustainability in municipalities, highlighting the challenges and opportunities that affect local action. They emphasize that the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) require multilevel governance that promotes actions at various levels and involves multiple sectors. Cities and human settlements are crucial for implementing these objectives, underscoring the importance of local action that benefits both global and local interests. The authors note that their research can support municipalities by showing how they can integrate the SDGs into their strategies, policies, and practices.

Additionally, Visvizi et al. [13] conducted a study on policies for smart cities, focusing on innovation and socially inclusive economic growth for sustainability. This study reviews the current state of research on smart cities and argues that sustainability and innovation are inseparable aspects of the same social challenge. The integration of advanced technological platforms and progressive policies requires a new management paradigm at all levels of decision-making, both locally and internationally. In this context, people’s happiness, quality of life, justice, and respect for human rights must be integral components of any smart approach. Furthermore, the study highlights that creative leadership, innovative strategies, and human-centered policies are key challenges.

Analogously, Patterson et al. [14] investigate governance and policies related to transformations towards sustainability. Their results provide a foundation for future research in this field. The study underscores that governance and policy are essential for understanding and analyzing these transformations. However, despite growing interest in these topics, the governance and policy aspects of transformations towards sustainability remain underdeveloped in the global sustainability literature.

Despite the considerable number of studies on municipal administrative management, there is still a notable absence of detailed and up-to-date reviews that integrate the findings of various studies in this field. There are also gaps in understanding the specific competencies, phases, and dimensions of municipal administrative management in relation to sustainability, which limits the ability to discern best practices and areas for improvement in this crucial area of local public administration. Therefore, it is important to address this knowledge gap through research that synthesizes and analyzes existing information and practices in the field of municipal administrative management towards sustainability. By doing so, emerging patterns, trends, and areas of convergence and divergence in the literature can be identified, which in turn will facilitate the development of more robust conceptual frameworks and the identification of effective practices. This understanding will enable policymakers, professionals, and academics to design and implement more informed and effective strategies and policies to promote sustainability in the municipal scope.

This study proposes the development of a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) aiming to answer the following research questions: RQ1. What are the main lines or research approaches in the field of municipal administrative management present in the studies? RQ2. What are the competencies of Municipal Governments mentioned in the studies? RQ3. What are the stages or phases of administrative management most applied in the Municipal context? RQ4. What are the main dimensions of Municipal Administrative Management? This methodology stands out for its innovative focus on synthesizing and analyzing existing literature on municipal administrative management towards sustainability. Moreover, it provides an opportunity to uncover connections and patterns that may have been overlooked in individual studies, thus offering a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of municipal administrative management.

The development of this SLR is important due to its ability to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the areas of study in municipal administrative management, as well as to address key questions about the competencies, phases, and relevant dimensions in this field. By doing so, this study is expected to identify areas for improvement and optimization opportunities that can have a significant impact on social welfare and sustainable development at the local level. Furthermore, by deepening the understanding of these critical aspects of municipal management, specific and practical recommendations can be offered to strengthen local policies and practices, thus driving progress towards a more sustainable future.

2. Materials and Methods

For the development of the research, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology was followed [15]. This methodology is employed in systematic literature reviews with the purpose of providing a synthesis of the state of knowledge in a specific area. The PRISMA statement provides methods for identifying, selecting, evaluating, and synthesizing studies, as well as ensuring the quality and validity of the review process and reducing the risk of bias.

This approach allows for the identification of relevant sources of information and pertinent data for the study in question. Furthermore, by adhering to the PRISMA methodology, reproducibility of results is facilitated, thereby contributing to the transparency and reliability of the research. This is crucial for advancing knowledge in the field and ensuring that findings can be effectively utilized by other researchers, professionals, and decision-makers in the future.

Therefore, the importance of the methodology used lies in its ability to provide a robust approach to conducting systematic literature reviews. By ensuring transparency, reproducibility, reduction of bias, and guaranteeing the quality and validity of the research process, this methodology enhances confidence in the results obtained. Additionally, it facilitates its application by other researchers, professionals, and decision-makers in the future.

2.1. Information Sources and Eligibility and Exclusion Criteria

In the context of the PRISMA methodology, the precise delineation of information sources and eligibility and exclusion criteria constitutes a crucial step to ensure the quality and relevance of the studies included in the analysis. In this study, we chose to use the Scopus database as the primary source of information because it gathers the majority of studies published in high-impact scientific journals. Scopus, being a comprehensive platform, allows access to a wide variety of academic sources, thus ensuring the inclusion of research relevant to the study topic.

Once the information source was identified, inclusion and exclusion criteria were established using specific search parameters. These criteria were designed to select studies that were relevant, current, and directly related to the study topic. The development of clear and specific criteria contributes to the homogeneity of the sample, enabling a more precise and consistent evaluation of the results obtained.

Table 1. Inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Inclusion Criteria	Exclusion Criteria
Studies from the SCOPUS database Studies containing the main terms related to the topic in: title Type of studies: articles, conference papers, and book chapters. Studies from the last 10 years (2014–2024)–19 June 2024. Studies in any language	Types of studies: errata, reviews, and books. Studies containing retractions or errata. Books not specifically related to the study questions. Studies not directly related to the study topic.

presents the inclusion and exclusion criteria, providing a visual guide that facilitates understanding of the aspects considered in the study-selection process for subsequent analysis.

2.2. Search Strategy

For the search of studies in the selected database, the following process was conducted. First, a control group composed of eight studies was established [16]. This control group aims to establish a basis of information, keywords, and approaches that are closely related to the research topic. From this selection, the most frequently repeated keywords were identified, and studies were obtained through their search, aiming to answer the research questions. This preliminary step allows for the systematic construction of the search string. It ensures that keywords are not selected randomly or based solely on the authors’ opinions. The selection of eight studies was made because they are considered the most representative of a broader set of research in the field, distinguished by their significant approach to the four research questions, their relevance, and their focus on the study topic. This contributes to identifying relevant keywords that ensure the effectiveness of the search string, thus guaranteeing that the resulting studies are focused on the study topic and adequately address the research questions posed.

From these studies, keywords were identified by thematic blocks, with the first block related to administrative management, the second block related to municipalities or local governments, and the third block specifically related to the research questions posed.

Table 2. Control group studies and keywords’ blocks for the search string.

N°	Title	Block Administrative Management	Block Municipality/Local Governments	Block Research Questions
1	Principles of Sustainable Development in Municipal Management: The Case of Northern Districts of the Irkutsk Region [17].	Management, strategies	Municipal, municipalities, local, district	Development, quality
2	Competences associated to sustainable leadership practices: a study carried out in the public city administration of Fazenda Rio Grande, State of Paraná [18].	Public administration, management, Strategic Planning	Local, public city	Development, quality, competences
3	Systematization of the elements that influence the effectiveness of municipal public management in the city of Cuenca-Ecuador. [19]	Management, Planning	Municipal, public	Effectiveness, public service
4	Management development of district in the administration of local government in East Flores Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province [20].	Administration, management, Planning	Local government, governmental	Development, effective, public service
5	Indicators of Municipal Public Management: Study of Multiple Performance Measurement Systems [21].	Administrative, management, Strategic Planning	Municipal, public	Development, performance, indicators
6	Quality management frameworks implementation in Polish local governments [22].	Administration, management	Local government, public administration	Performance, indicators, quality
7	Key dimensions of effective public management in local governments. Application in a case study [23].	Management	Local government, public, municipality	Performance, effectiveness, evaluation, indicators, dimension
8	Administrative capacity and local level development in metropolitan, municipal and district assemblies in Ghana: mediating role of resource capacity [24].	Administration, administrative, management	Local government, municipal, local public administration	Development, dimension

presents the studies from the control group along with the keywords identified in each of them.

Once the keywords for each block were identified, a search string was created for the Scopus database. This string incorporated the inclusion and exclusion criteria (see

Table 3. Number of studies resulting from the search chain by inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Included	N°	Excluded	N°
Studies from the last 10 years only (2014–2024).	231	Studies outside the last 10 years (2014–2024).	161
Types of studies: articles, conference papers, and book chapters.	231	Studies of type: errata, reviews, and books.	22

). It is important to mention that the word “waste” (garbage) was excluded from the search string because these studies focused solely on municipal waste or garbage management. This way, the returned research would have a greater focus on the general study topic and could respond more specifically to the research questions posed. The final search string used was as follows:

(TITLE (“Local Government” OR municipal OR “Local Public Administration”) AND TITLE (administration OR administrative OR management OR “Strategic Planning”) AND TITLE (development OR performance OR effectiveness OR evaluation OR “Public Service” OR indicators OR quality OR dimension OR competences OR phases OR stages) AND NOT TITLE (waste)) AND PUBYEAR > 2013 AND PUBYEAR < 2025 AND (LIMIT-TO (DOCTYPE, “ar”) OR LIMIT-TO (DOCTYPE, “cp”) OR LIMIT-TO (DOCTYPE, “ch”)).

2.3. Selection Process of Studies and Risk of Bias Assessment

After completing the search, a total of 231 studies were retrieved. For the first stage of selection, an analysis of the title, abstract, and keywords of each study was conducted. In this review, all four authors participated, each assuming specific roles such as reviewer, arbiter, and final decision-maker. When disagreements arose between the reviewer and the arbiter, additional discussions were held to reach a consensus. Specific details of this process are provided in the Supplementary Materials.

Table 4. Quality assessment of candidate studies.

Range	Review	Peer-Review	Studies in Debate	Final Decision	N° of Excluded Studies	N° of Selected Studies
Selected Studies
CS1 al CS53; CS213-CS217	Researcher 1	Researcher 2	CS1, CS10, CS19, CS25, CS51 Total = 5	Researcher 3	8	50
CS54 al CS106; CS218-CS222	Researcher 2	Researcher 3	CS56, CS71, CS81, CS220 Total = 4	Researcher 4	5	53
CS107 al CS159; CS223-CS227	Researcher 3	Researcher 4	CS117, CS139, CS140, CS144, CS155, CS225 Total = 6	Researcher 1	6	52
CS160 al CS212; CS228-CS231	Researcher 4	Researcher 1	CS167, CS201 Total = 2	Researcher 2	4	53
			Total = 17	Total		208

Note. CS = Candidate study.

summarizes this process, describing which articles each author reviewed, those that generated discrepancies, and those ultimately selected.

During the initial study review, a total of 208 were selected, which were subsequently searched to retrieve their full text. The full text of 186 studies was successfully retrieved, which underwent a second selection. In this stage, the studies were thoroughly reviewed and analyzed by the four authors of the study, who assumed specific roles as reviewers, arbitrators, and final decision-makers. In cases where disagreements arose between the reviewer and the arbitrator, additional discussions were held to reach a consensus. This approach ensures a reduction in the risk of bias and ensures that the selected studies meet the criteria for inclusion in the research.

Table 5. Quality assessment for final studies.

Primary Studies
Range	Review	Peer-Review	Studies in Debate	Final Decision	N° of of Excluded Studies	N° of Selected Studies
RS1 al RS43; RS174-RS176	Researcher 4	Researcher 1	RS16	Researcher 2	1	45
RS44 al RS86; RS177-RS179	Researcher 3	Researcher 2	RS79	Researcher 1	2	44
RS87 al RS129; RS180-RS182	Researcher 2	Researcher 3	RS92, RS124	Researcher 4	2	44
RS130 al RS173; RS183-RS186	Researcher 1	Researcher 4	RS137, RS170	Researcher 3	8	40
			Total = 6	Total		173

Note. RS = Recovered studies.

presents which articles were reviewed by each author, identifying those that generated discrepancies and those finally selected and considered as primary studies.

From the final selection of studies, 173 were obtained, which were analyzed to extract responses to the research questions posed. Figure 1 presents the diagram proposed by PRISMA, synthesizing the process conducted and the number of studies resulting at each stage.

Table 6. Total number of studies and percentage in each process of the SLR.

Studies	Total	Percentage	Description
Candidate studies	231	100%	Studies resulting from the application of the search string
Candidate studies depurated	231	100%	Unique studies without duplicates
Selected studies	208	90%	Studies after reviewing the title, abstract, and keywords
Retrieved studies	186	81%	Studies downloaded in full text
Final studies	173	75%	Studies reviewed in full text and selected

presents the corresponding percentages of the total studies at each stage of the process, contrasted with the initial total number.

To contribute to the quality of answers to the research questions, an evaluation was conducted to identify which results are most representative in terms of the total number of studies that address each research question. This analysis provides the reader with a criterion of confidence.

Table 7. Quality of responses to research questions.

Question	NS	VMin–VMax	R, A	Mean	Median	Low Confidence			Medium Confidence			High Confidence
						LL	UL	N (%)	LL	UL	N (%)	LL	UL	N (%)
RQ1. What are the predominant research approaches in municipal administrative management studies?	173	2–35%	R = 33% A = 11%	8%	5%	2%	13%	12 (86%)	13%	24%	1 (7%)	24%	35%	1 (7%)
RQ2. What competencies of municipal governments are highlighted in existing studies?	161	3–27%	R = 24% A = 8%	13%	13%	3%	11%	9 (43%)	11%	19%	8 (38%)	19%	27%	4 (19%)
RQ4. What are the main dimensions of municipal administrative management?	65	2–34%	R = 32% A = 11%	9%	5%	2%	12%	30 (79%)	12%	23%	4 (11%)	23%	34%	4 (11%)

Note. NS: Number of studies, VMin = Minimum value, Vmax = Maximum value, A = Amplitude, R = Range, LL = Lower limit, UL = Upper limit, N = Number and percentage of results that provide medium, high and low confidence. RQ3 is not mentioned because it had 21 responses, which propose different phases, and all of them are presented in the results section.

presents this analysis. Initially, the number of studies (NE: Number of Studies) that address each research question is stated. These data are used to calculate the percentage for each response or category in relation to the total number of studies that addressed that specific question. For example, 173 studies addressed Research Question 1, of which 60 focused on evaluation/performance of management/quality in municipalities/local governments. This allows identification of the percentage representation of the 60 studies in relation to the total 173. So, if 173 studies correspond to 100%, then 60 studies equals 35%. This calculation was performed for each category, where the results for each research question are summarized. Using these percentages, statistical measures such as minimum percentage, maximum percentage, mean, median, range, and breadth were established. These parameters allow for establishing ranges of reliability for the answers, classifying them into high, medium, or low reliability. Each range presents the lower and upper percentages, along with the number of categories in that range and the percentage in relation to the total categories. By categorizing the answers based on their frequency in studies, the identification of consistent and prominent patterns is facilitated, which contributes to strengthening the validity of the findings. The complete process, for better understanding, can be observed in the Supplementary Materials.

3. Results

In order to address the research questions, a matrix was conceived to organize and classify the collected data, assigning each column to a specific research question. It is important to note that some studies did not provide answers to all the questions posed. Although the textual presentation of the data was not always uniform, they converged around the same theme. To organize the information, the data were categorized in a general manner and then placed into tables for each question. These tables underwent analysis to determine which information was most recurrent in the studies. Additionally, studies that did not specifically address certain questions were identified, with these cells marked with a “-”.

Table 8. Data Collection Matrix.

Title	Country	1. What Are the Predominant Research Approaches in Municipal Administrative Management Studies?	2. What Competencies of Municipal Governments Are Highlighted in Existing Studies?	3. What Are the Stages or Phases of Administrative Management That Are Most Applied in the Municipal Context?	4. What Are the Main Dimensions of Municipal Administrative Management?	N° of Appointments
Characteristics of water quality of municipal wastewater treatment plants in China: Implications for resources utilization and management [25].	China	Environmental, Waste, and Water Municipal Management	- Wastewater - Waste collection and disposal - Environment	-	Environmental	314
Does Performance Management Relate to Good Governance? A Study of Its Relationship with Citizens’ Satisfaction with and Trust in Israeli Local Government [26].	Israel	Performance evaluation of municipalities/local governments	- Education - Social welfare	- Planning - Monitoring - Control - Evaluation - Feedback	- Accountability - Customer service - Efficiency and effectiveness - Resource allocation - Creation of public value	83
Service Quality, Administrative Process, and Citizens’ Evaluation of Local Government in the US [27].	United States	Evaluation of local government quality	- Safety - Road maintenance - Waste management - Basic services: water, energy - Economic development - Education	-	-	52
The development of a new method for making justified decisions by municipal authorities in the management of territories on the basis of the results of the environmental express-control of the state of various media [28].	Russia	Municipal Services Management	- Environment - Basic services: water, sewage - Territorial planning - Community infrastructure	-	-	51
The relationship between the creation of an enabling environment and economic development: A comparative analysis of management at local government sphere [29].	South Africa	Municipal Administration and Public Policies	Economic Development	-	-	42
Multi-criteria stochastic selection of electric vehicles for the sustainable development of local government and state administration units in Poland [30].	Poland	Sustainable municipal development	- Environment - Basic services: energy - Transport and mobility	-	-	41
Performance management in local government: Is practice influenced by doctrine? [31]	United States	Municipal/local government performance management	Local plans, programs, and projects	-	-	30
The effect of shared service centers on administrative intensity in English local government: A Longitudinal Evaluation [32].	United Kingdom	Strategies for municipal management	- Education - Culture - Health - Community infrastructure - Social welfare - Ordinances	-	- Environmental - Social - Economic	27
Lack of reform in Israeli local government and its impact on modern developments in public management [33].	Israel	Issues related to local government management	- Establishment of local rates and taxes - Territorial planning - Transportation and mobility - Local public policies, laws - Health	-	-	25
Performance Management in Local Government: The Application of System Dynamics to Promote Data Use [34].	Italy United States	Performance management in local government	- Waste management - Tax establishment - Community infrastructure - Education - Housing - Health - Public safety	-	-	25

represents the matrix used, which includes the first 10 most cited studies, along with the data that addresses each research question; the complete matrix is available in the Supplementary Materials.

3.1. RQ1. What Are the Predominant Research Approaches in Municipal Administrative Management Studies?

Table 9. Studies according to research lines or approaches.

Main Research Lines or Approaches	Studies	Total	Total % of Representativity 173 Studies
Evaluation/performance of management/quality, municipalities/local governments: Analysis of the performance and quality of various aspects related to management in municipal entities.	S7; S8; S10; S11; S13; S14; S17; S18; S19; S23; S25; S27; S28; S30; S32; S33; S34; S35; S36; S37; S40; S42; S45; S47; S49; S50; S53; S69; S75; S76; S78; S80; S81; S85; S88; S89; S93; S94; S96; S101; S104; S106; S110; S117; S118; S122; S123; S125; S132; S136; S137; S141; S142; S150; S152; S155; S159; S166; S169; S170	60	35%
Sustainable municipal management/development: Focus on management and development practices that promote sustainability in municipal settings.	S2; S3; S6; S9; S15; S16; S26; S39; S48; S57; S61; S71; S76; S97; S102; S108; S133; S153; S158; S161; S164; S165; S171; S172	24	14%
Administration and Municipal Public Policies: Analysis of the administration and policies implemented at the municipal level to address local needs and challenges.	S55; S64; S67; S70; S73; S74; S77; S95; S97; S98; S105; S111; S113; S116; S119; S124; S131; S140; S143; S154; S160	20	13%
Municipal environmental, waste, and water management: Handling and administration of environmental resources, waste, and water in municipalities.	S1; S2; S29; S31; S42; S44; S52; S56; S68; S71; S102; S103; S115; S120; S126; S127; S138; S139; S156; S168	20	12%
Strategic planning for local governments: Long-term actions to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of local governments.	S32; S38; S54; S58; S62; S74; S79; S82; S86; S87; S90; S92; S108; S112; S128; S130; S145; S151	18	10%
Municipal e-Government management: Use of digital technologies to enhance efficiency and services in municipal government.	S24; S43; S46; S50; S59; S60; S63; S66; S72; S83; S84; S88; S109; S130; S167; S173	16	9%
Municipal officials: Study of the staff and officials working in local government.	S4; S7; S24; S26; S33; S40; S41; S135; S144	9	5%
Self-government and local administration: Analysis of autonomy and local administration in municipal entities.	S47; S65; S73; S91; S100; S114; S135	7	4%
Municipal health management: Administration of health services at the municipal level.	S22; S58; S78; S107	4	2%
Innovation in municipal management: Introduction of new ideas and practices to improve management in local government.	S9; S12; S14; S17	4	2%
Municipal management of other services: Administration of services such as arts, culture, education, and housing at the municipal level.	S151; S146; S147; S162	4	2%
Challenges/problems in local government management: Identification and analysis of challenges and problems in local government management.	S21; S63; S148	3	2%
Smart cities and local government: Implementation of smart technologies and solutions to enhance quality of life and management in cities.	S83; S84; S121	3	2%
Municipal sports management: Administration of sports and recreational activities in municipal environments.	S139; S157; S163	3	2%

Note. S = Study.

presents a classification of the main lines of research or approaches found in the analyzed studies. Through this classification, readers can quickly and systematically identify the areas that have captured researchers’ attention and have generated a greater number of contributions to the academic literature. This table displays the different categories of study focus, along with their description, the study code representing this focus, the total number of studies, and the percentage of representativity in relation to the total number of studies that answered that specific question. For example, in Question 1, the 173 primary studies answered the question, representing 100% of the studies. Therefore, if we consider this total as 100%, the 60 studies that focused on a specific category would amount to 35%. The same methodology was applied to calculate the percentages in each category in Tables 9, 10, and 12.

In this analysis, it was observed that the majority of research focuses on the evaluation of the performance and quality of municipalities or local governments, as termed in other parts of the world. Additionally, a general approach to municipal or local government management is presented. However, there is also significant thematic diversity evident in the reviewed literature, encompassing areas such as sustainable municipal development, strategic planning of local governments, and analysis of municipal officials. Furthermore, studies addressing specific and specialized aspects have been identified, including municipal management in the realm of health, environmental management, waste management, and water management, as well as electronic management of municipal/local governments, among other equally relevant topics. This thematic variability demonstrates the breadth and complexity of municipal management, and how researchers have explored various facets of this field in their studies.

3.2. RQ2. What Competencies of Municipal Governments Are Highlighted in Existing Studies?

Table 10. Competencies of Municipal Governments according to the studies.

Competencies of Municipal Governments	Studies	Total	Total % of Representativity 161 Studies
Social welfare	S1; S2; S5; S6; S8; S9; S10; S13; S18; S22; S25; S26; S28; S33; S35; S38; S39; S42; S44; S45; S47; S48; S57; S58; S64; S66; S78; S79; S88; S89; S91; S92; S100; S104; S107; S108; S122; S135; S142; S143; S148; S153; S156	43	27%
Public policies: laws, agreements, and ordinances	S1; S5; S9; S16; S19; S20; S22; S23; S32; S34; S36; S37; S39; S42; S44; S45; S49; S50; S52; S53; S54; S55; S59; S61; S63; S66; S68; S69; S93; S104; S117; S118; S149; S156; S158; S160; S169;	37	23%
Environment	S2; S3; S6; S9; S13; S14; S15; S16; S19; S21; S26; S29; S32; S39; S40; S42; S44; S48; S52; S56; S71; S102; S103; S108; S115; S120; S126; S127; S129; S138; S153; S156; S161; S165; S171; S172	36	22%
Economic development	S6; S10; S27; S41; S43; S45; S48; S53; S54; S55; S57; S60; S62; S64; S65; S77; S79; S83; S89; S92; S96; S104; S105; S106; S109; S111; S114; S125; S142; S148; S153; S171	32	20%
Basic services: water, electricity, and sewerage	S2; S3; S7; S9; S28; S29; S30; S32; S38; S71; S90; S99; S103; S120; S125; S126; S127; S129; S133; S138; S141; S143; S148; S155; S158; S165; S167S168; S171; S172; S173	31	19%
Community infrastructure and public works	S1; S2; S5; S11; S13; S21; S29; S30; S31; S37; S39; S40; S95; S102; S126; S133; S136; S138; S143; S145; S146; S148; S157; S158; S167;	25	16%
Education	S5; S9; S11; S18; S19; S27; S28; S38; S40; S75; S123; S125; S129; S132; S135; S136; S137; S149; S158; S163; S165; S167; S169; S171	24	15%
Community development	S10; S12; S25; S40; S48; S52; S58; S65; S72; S73; S76; S84; S89; S98; S102; S109; S110; S119; S124; S135; S158; S164; S172	23	14%
Territorial planning	S16; S19; S20; S39; S40; S42; S52; S54; S55; S65; S73; S80; S82; S92; S100; S112; S126; S143; S147; S155; S161; S165	22	14%
Health	S1; S2; S5; S13; S15; S20; S22; S28; S38; S39; S44; S47; S58; S75; S78; S85; S107; S135; S137; S163; S167; S173	22	14%
Local plans, programs, and projects	S12; S14; S19; S21; S23; S46; S47; S49; S50; S51; S66; S94; S100; S101; S104; S121; S147; S149; S161; S163; S164;	21	13%
Waste collection and disposal	S1; S2; S9; S14; S15; S16; S21; S28; S30; S31; S44; S71; S102; S103; S125; S133; S136; S143; S151; S155	20	12%
Transportation and mobility	S3; S6; S7; S12; S16; S19; S20; S28; S35; S37; S39; S84; S108; S143; S158; S161; S162; S165	18	11%
Security	S23; S28; S31; S38; S44; S56; S74; S122; S125; S128; S129; S132; S135; S136; S145; S147; S162;	17	11%
Promotion of tourism/sports/art and culture	S5; S10; S11; S13; S14; S17; S28; S39; S51; S72; S97; S129; S139; S145; S157; S163	16	10%
Road system	S7; S10; S13; S23; S28; S31; S40; S74; S113; S125; S129; S146; S148; S155; S167;	15	9%
Defend and safeguard citizens’ rights	S4; S24; S33; S35; S45; S119; S124; S129; S160	9	6%
Support programs for children, youth, elderly, women, and disabled persons	S11; S19; S27; S85; S87; S116; S137; S143	8	5%
Risk management	S70; S128; S141; S147; S162; S168; S173	7	4%
Establishment of local taxes and fees	S20; S60; S80; S129; S136; S173	6	4%
Housing	S7; S14; S136; S161; S167	5	3%

Note. S = Study.

constitutes a fundamental element in the analysis of the compiled studies, as it provides a detailed classification of the main competencies of municipal governments addressed in the reviewed literature. In the context of municipal administrative management, these competencies represent the areas of society that local governments are responsible for managing and overseeing. The reviewed studies have shed light on the wide range of responsibilities that fall upon the shoulders of local authorities worldwide.

The results reveal that the most mentioned municipal competency in the studies is social welfare, defined as ensuring a suitable quality of life for all members of society. This is followed by policy formulation, such as laws, agreements, and ordinances, as well as fostering economic development. Among the main competencies, essential services are also highlighted, such as the provision of water, electricity, and sewage, as well as proper waste collection and disposal, and the care of the environment and public health. Alongside these fundamental responsibilities, vital aspects such as education, citizen security, the implementation of programs and projects aimed at various social sectors, the promotion of community and economic development, and the management of infrastructure and public works, as well as transportation planning and urban mobility, are added. These findings highlight the crucial role that local governments play in promoting social welfare and sustainable development at the municipal level.

3.3. RQ3. What Are the Stages or Phases of Administrative Management That Are Most Applied in the Municipal Context?

Regarding the phases of municipal administrative management, a scarcity of studies addressing this question was observed. Furthermore, among those that did address this question, the responses obtained were heterogeneous, leading to the decision to present the responses of these studies individually.

Table 11. Phases/stages of municipal administrative management according to the studies.

Stages or Phases of Administrative Management Applied in the Municipal Context	Studies	Study Code	Total Studies
▪ Determination of strategic objectives and goals. ▪ Planning and allocation of resources to achieve these objectives. ▪ Development of measures and goals to track the achievement of strategic objectives. ▪ Evaluation and feedback process.	Does performance management system implementation reduce fragmentation in an Indonesian local government? [35].	S10	1
▪ Planning ▪ Monitoring/Control ▪ Evaluation/Feedback	Does Performance Management Relate to Good Governance? A Study of Its Relationship with Citizens’ Satisfaction with and Trust in Israeli Local Government [26].	S18	1
▪ Planning ▪ Coordinating ▪ Monitoring ▪ Leading ▪ Controlling	Theoretical Model of Electronic Management for the Development of Human Potential in a Local Government. Peru Case [36].	S24	1
▪ Setting goals ▪ Developing commitment to goals. ▪ Developing an effective action plan. ▪ Monitoring the stages of goal attainment. ▪ Maintaining planning flexibility.	Management development of district in the administration of local government in East Flores Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province [20].	S33	1
▪ Planning ▪ Measuring ▪ Evaluating ▪ Reporting	Performance Measurement and Management Systems in Local Government Networks: Stimulating Resilience Through Dynamic Capabilities [37].	S34	1
▪ Planning ▪ Control	Exploring Performance Management in Italian Local Government: The Necessity of Outcome Measures and Citizen Participation [38].	S36	1
▪ Planning ▪ Organizing ▪ Optimization	Regional strategic partnership’s development in the preparation of graduates of the university educational program “state and municipal administration” [39].	S41	1
▪ Evaluating ▪ Controlling ▪ Budgeting ▪ Motivating ▪ Promoting ▪ Celebrating ▪ Learning ▪ Improving	– Municipal performance management during the covid pandemic [40]. – Is decentralisation compatible with the application of performance management? The impacts of minimum service standards on the motivation of local government to improve service delivery in the Indonesian decentralised system [41].	S47; S104	2
▪ Attracting ▪ Managing ▪ Absorbing	Administrative capacity and local level development in metropolitan, municipal, and district assemblies in Ghana: mediating role of resource capacity [24].	S64	1
▪ Planning ▪ Control ▪ Evaluation	Municipal environmental management indicators: A bottom-up approach applied to the Colombian context [42].	S71	1
▪ Administration ▪ Budgeting ▪ Planning	Operationalising performance management in local government: The use of the balanced scorecard [43].	S89	1
▪ Planning ▪ Marketing ▪ Development	The role of local government management of tourism in fostering residents’ support to sustainable tourism development: Evidence from a Portuguese historic town [44].	S97	1
▪ Planning ▪ Organizing ▪ Leading	An exploratory study of knowledge management for enhanced efficiency and effectiveness: The transformation of the planning system in the UK local government [45].	S112	1
▪ Defining ▪ Assigning ▪ Controlling ▪ Evaluating	Public managers’ skills development for effective performance management: Empirical evidence from Italian local governments [46].	S117	1
▪ Planning ▪ Organization ▪ Control	– The development of a process tool for improved risk management in local government [47]. – Competences associated to sustainable leadership practices: a study carried out in the public city administration of Fazenda Rio Grande, State of Paraná [18].	S128; S153	2
▪ Planning ▪ Communication and Approval ▪ Resource Management, Policies, and Procedures ▪ Coordination ▪ Reporting to the board and senior management. ▪ Development of programs and quality control. ▪ Monitoring Public Complaints	The effect of internal auditor competence and objectivity, and management support on effectiveness of internal audit function and financial reporting quality implications at local government [48].	S131	1
▪ Monitoring ▪ Evaluation ▪ Control	Indicador de efetividade da gestão municipal: Contribuição dos tribunais de contas para a melhoria da gestão pública [49].	S134	1
▪ Planning ▪ Implementing ▪ Controlling ▪ Improving	Models for quality analysis of services in the local public administration [50].	S152	1
▪ Identify ▪ Evaluate ▪ Realign	Municipal standard chart of accounts and financial management performance of South African municipalities [51].	S166	1
▪ Planning ▪ Implementation ▪ Monitoring	Optimizing registry of inhabitants’ record management: The development of municipal consolidation system for local governance [52].	S173	1

Note. S = Study.

presents the phases mentioned by each study, along with the title of the research and its respective code in relation to the primary studies to facilitate reference and subsequent consultation.

In the results, the importance of planning as an essential component in municipal administrative management processes stands out. This observation underscores the centrality of strategic planning in decision-making and guiding municipal efforts. Furthermore, it is notable that other key phases, such as control and evaluation, are also mentioned in several studies, suggesting a recurring concern for effective resource management and the monitoring of implemented policies and programs. These stages have been identified in various studies as essential to ensure effective management.

3.4. RQ4. What Are the Main Dimensions of Municipal Administrative Management?

The dimensions of municipal administrative management are fundamental elements that serve as data categories to organize and select relevant contextual instances for reporting and analysis. These dimensions offer a comprehensive view of municipal management, facilitating the identification of areas for improvement and the implementation of policies and actions aimed at sustainable development and a better quality of life for municipality residents. Their importance lies in their ability to measure the performance and effectiveness of municipal administrative management.

Table 12. Dimensions of municipal administrative management according to the studies.

Municipal Dimensions of Municipal Administrative Management	Studies	Total	Total % of Representativity 65 Studies
Organizational/Institutional: Leadership, Administration, Transparency, Ethics, Recordkeeping, Planning, Strategies, Operations, Logistics, Control, Fiscal discipline, Creation of public value, Accountability, Personnel Management/Human Resources, Training, Performance, Efficiency and effectiveness, Technologies.	S2; S14; S15; S17; S18; S25; S27; S36; S37; S38; S44; S54; S58; S64; S67; S69; S73; S74; S78; S81; S85; S89; S98; S102; S109; S110; S117; S118; S122; S127; S129; S130; S132; S134; S137; S139; S140; S144; S154; S159; S160; S165; S170	43	66%
Social: Citizen participation, Social justice, Public affairs, Public services, User satisfaction, Culture/Leisure, Demographics.	S2; S5; S14; S15; S17; S18; S26; S35; S38; S44; S49; S52; S73; S78; S91; S98; S99; S97; S102; S106; S111; S121; S124; S127; S129; S132; S135; S140; S154; S156; S158; S165; S170; S171; S172	35	53%
Economic: Economic, Financial, Resource allocation/Budgeting	S2; S5; S15; S17; S18; S26; S27; S44; S45; S49; S52; S54; S58; S60; S64; S81; S96; S97; S99; S106; S111; S117; S122; S129; S139; S140; S153; S154; S158; S159; S165; S166; S171; S172	34	52%
Political: Political, Rule of law, Legal, Internal Audit, External political factors.	S2; S15; S36; S38; S45; S49; S58; S60; S85; S106; S109; S117; S122; S132; S137; S139; S142; S156; S160; S161	20	30%
Environmental/Ecological: Environmental/Ecological, Risk Management.	S2; S5; S15; S26; S70; S97; S102; S103; S105; S111; S127; S130; S134; S153; S156; S158; S165; S171; S172	19	29%

presents the main dimensions of municipal administrative management, as identified in the analyzed literature. For better understanding, sub-dimensions or terms that are part of the main dimensions have been classified. It is also important to note that some studies mentioned more than one dimension, so some codes of the primary studies are repeated.

In the analysis of dimensions of municipal public management, organizational or institutional, social, economic, political, and environmental or ecological dimensions stand out. Each of these dimensions represents key areas of activity and responsibility within the municipal sphere, and their consideration is essential for understanding and evaluating the effective functioning of local administration. Additionally, these dimensions tend to be interrelated, meaning that successful municipal management requires balanced and coordinated attention to all these aspects to achieve optimal results in terms of citizen welfare and sustainable development.

3.5. Demographic Aspects of the Studies

Figure 2 presents a breakdown by country of the analyzed studies, along with the total number of studies conducted in each country. This analysis allows for visualizing the geographical distribution of research and understanding the diversity of national contexts addressed in the study of demographic aspects in municipal administrative management. Among the countries with the highest number of studies addressing municipal management, Russia and the United States stand out. It is important to note that in some countries, these entities are referred to as local governments instead of municipalities. However, both designations converge on the same idea. Additionally, Indonesia, China, and Italy also contribute significantly with a substantial number of studies. In Latin America, Brazil stands out as the country with the highest number of research studies. However, it is important to highlight that various countries around the world have conducted studies on this topic.

3.6. Sustainable Municipal Management

• The main contributions to the development of sustainable municipal management identified in the studies suggest that municipalities should establish clear standards for large companies operating in their territory and promote socioeconomic agreements between these companies and local government [17]. Additionally, rational management of land and resources is essential to promote municipal sustainability through the implementation of local climate action plans based on solid emission data and acceptable carbon-accounting practices [53]. Collaboration with the community and the private sector is key to promoting the sustainable use of natural resources, while the implementation of an environmental management indicator model allows for monitoring and holding relevant actors accountable [54]. Additional strategies include building a sustainable culture, organizing environmental learning, cost reduction, income increases through the green economy, and adopting environmental precautions to minimize impact on people and the environment [42]. It is fundamental for political leaders to understand the principles of environmental sustainability and incorporate them into municipal strategies and activities, articulating with other stakeholders and promoting sustainable practices in the city [18,55].
• To achieve sustainability in water resource management, municipalities must focus on several key aspects. This includes implementing policies and practices for water conservation, such as reducing leaks in distribution networks and promoting efficient water use in households, industries, and agriculture [56]. Additionally, it is crucial to promote the protection of water sources, such as rivers and aquifers, through proper pollution management and the conservation of aquatic ecosystems [57]. Comprehensive strategies including hydrogeological studies, well-drilling records, and community education on water conservation are suggested [58]. Furthermore, investing in wastewater treatment infrastructure and establishing a monitoring network to control water quality and regulate industrial activities that may contaminate it are key measures [25]. Public education and awareness about the importance of water conservation and citizen participation in decision-making are also fundamental aspects of achieving sustainability in municipal water resource management [59]. Working in collaboration with other governmental entities, civil society, and the private sector is essential to ensure integrated and equitable water resource management, addressing present needs without compromising those of future generations. By integrating these strategies with those mentioned previously, a comprehensive and effective approach can be established to ensure water sustainability in municipalities.
• Regarding sustainable transportation management, municipalities can actively promote the use of electric vehicles by passing laws that require government entities to expand their fleet with electric vehicles, supporting these decisions with economic analyses [60]. Additionally, methodologies for selecting electric vehicles that optimally meet local and state needs can be employed [30]. Prioritizing public transportation electrification and promoting the adoption of electric vehicles by citizens, along with promoting energy conservation through the use of renewable energies, energy efficiency, and sustainable construction, municipalities can advance towards more sustainable management of energy resources and the reduction of pollutant emissions [61].
• To promote sustainable management in relation to territorial planning and ecosystem care, municipalities can implement various strategies. First, it is fundamental to identify and safeguard key natural spaces and ecosystems, such as forest areas, coastal zones, and urban green spaces, by creating the municipal ecological structure and characterizing ecological corridors to connect these spaces [62]. Additionally, the sensitivity levels of ecosystems must be identified, and management measures must be established to mitigate human impact on them [63]. Urban afforestation is also essential to improve air quality and mitigate air pollution; several studies have demonstrated trees’ ability to reduce air pollution and its effects on public health [64]. Lastly, municipalities must develop emergency environmental management plans to prevent and mitigate natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, and storms, by implementing preventive measures and providing prior training to effectively respond and reduce the impact on the municipal system and citizens’ lives [65]. These strategies will contribute to more sustainable land management and protection of the urban ecosystem.
• In relation to economic, social, and tourism development, municipalities can develop various strategies. Firstly, it is crucial to involve residents in decision-making and tourism development planning, recognizing and analyzing their perceptions and concerns. This can foster greater participation of the local community in destination management, promoting a more welcoming attitude towards tourists and ensuring the integration of social, economic, cultural, and environmental aspects into planning. Additionally, concrete measures must be taken to protect nature, landscape, flora, and fauna in order to mitigate the negative impacts of tourism, such as pollution and environmental degradation [44]. This may include conservation policies, environmental education programs, and the promotion of responsible tourism practices that respect and preserve the local environment. By integrating these strategies, municipalities can promote sustainable tourism that benefits both the local community and visitors while protecting natural and cultural resources for future generations.
• Similarly, through the processes of reducing, reusing, and recycling, municipalities can implement a series of comprehensive strategies. Firstly, they can adopt advanced waste treatment technologies, such as pyrolysis and biodegradation, to convert waste into useful resources, such as pyrolytic gas for energy generation or biochar to improve soil quality [66]. Additionally, establishing quality standards for recycled products and production processes can ensure the viability and safety of recycled materials. In parallel, it is essential to promote robust public policies that promote sustainable practices throughout the supply chain, from collection to final waste management, incorporating legislation that incentivizes recycling and waste reduction [67]. Harnessing the digitization of environmental information and municipal management to improve environmental education and public awareness about the importance of adopting environmentally friendly actions is also essential [68]. These holistic strategies contribute to reducing the environmental impact of waste and fostering a culture of sustainability and environmental responsibility in the local community.

Based on these strategies,

Table 13. Strategies for sustainable administrative management.

Competencies	Strategies for Sustainable Administrative Management
Social welfare	Implement social inclusion and community welfare programs. Establish community centers for recreational and educational activities. Develop psychological and emotional support programs for the community.
Public policies: Laws, agreements, and ordinances	Enact ordinances that promote sustainable and responsible practices. Establish ordinances that incentivize the reduction of carbon emissions. Implement agreements to protect natural areas and local biodiversity.
Environment	Create and maintain green areas and urban parks to improve air quality. Establish ordinances that incentivize the reduction of carbon emissions. Implement agreements to protect natural areas and local biodiversity.
Economic development	Promote local entrepreneurship through tax incentives for sustainable businesses. Establish ordinances that encourage the reduction of carbon emissions. Implement agreements to protect natural areas and local biodiversity.
Administration and provision of basic services: Water, electricity, and sewage	Implement efficient water management systems and renewable energy. Implement systems for collecting and reusing rainwater. Promote the use of solar energy in public and private buildings.
Community infrastructure construction and public works	Use ecological materials and sustainable construction techniques in public projects. Design accessible and green public spaces. Utilize construction technologies that reduce environmental impact.
Community development	Promote citizen participation in community decision-making. Organize workshops and talks on sustainability and eco-efficiency. Encourage the creation of community urban gardens.
Waste collection and disposal	Establish municipal recycling and composting programs. Install selective waste collection points throughout the city. Encourage the reduction of plastic waste through educational campaigns.
Territorial planning	Incorporate sustainability criteria into urban development and zoning. Implement land use plans that prioritize the conservation of natural spaces. Promote the development of eco-districts (urban communities designed to be sustainable and environmentally friendly. They incorporate energy efficiency, water management, sustainable mobility, waste management, green spaces, and ecological construction.)
Education	Implement sustainability and environmental education programs in schools. Include modules of environmental education in the school curriculum. Develop training programs for teachers on sustainability.
Health	Promote prevention and health promotion campaigns in coordination with the environment. Create preventive health programs that include the promotion of sustainable lifestyles. Establish mobile clinics that reach rural areas with basic health services.
Local plans, programs, and projects	Develop projects that integrate sustainable practices and long-term benefits. Integrate sustainable development goals (SDGs) into all local projects. Establish local sustainability observatories to monitor and evaluate policy impacts.
Security	Improve public lighting with efficient and sustainable technologies. Implement surveillance systems that use solar energy. Encourage the creation of neighborhood watch programs to increase community security.
Promotion of tourism, sports, art, and culture	Promote ecotourism and cultural events that highlight sustainability. Develop eco-tourism routes that highlight local biodiversity. Promote cultural festivals that use recyclable and sustainable materials.
Transport and mobility	Develop efficient public transportation networks and non-motorized mobility systems. Create preventive health programs that include the promotion of sustainable lifestyles. Establish mobile clinics that reach rural areas with basic health services.
Maintenance and construction of the road system	Use recycled pavements and eco-friendly construction methods. Establish preventive health programs that include the promotion of sustainable lifestyles. Set up mobile clinics to reach rural areas with basic health services.
Defending and safeguarding citizens’ rights	Ensuring equitable access to resources and basic services. Ensuring citizen participation in municipal decision-making. Providing free legal services to defend citizens’ rights.
Support programs for childhood, youth, the elderly, women, and persons with disabilities	Create inclusive and sustainable programs that improve the quality of life for vulnerable groups. Establish mentorship programs for at-risk youth. Develop day centers for comprehensive care for the elderly.
Establishment of local rates and taxes	Introducing tax incentives for sustainable practices and levies on polluting activities. Introducing recycling fees to promote proper waste management. Offering tax discounts to companies that implement sustainable practices.
Risk management	Develop contingency plans and rapid response for natural disasters, incorporating resilience. Create preventive health programs that include the promotion of sustainable lifestyles. Establish mobile clinics that reach rural areas with basic health services.
Housing	Promote the construction of ecological and affordable housing. Promote the construction of ecological housing using sustainable materials. Develop energy-renovation programs to improve the efficiency of existing housing.

presents the strategies for municipal administrative management towards sustainability, detailing specific actions for each competence identified in the study. This table provides a comprehensive and structured approach aimed at guiding local governments in implementing sustainable practices that promote the social, economic, and environmental welfare of their communities.

Figure 3 illustrates how the different phases of sustainable municipal management (planning, implementation, control, and improvement) are interconnected in a continuous cycle. At the center, “Sustainable Municipal Management” is surrounded by the main dimensions of administrative management focused on sustainability (organizational, social, economic, and environmental). Each dimension presents competencies represented as specific strategies that support the comprehensive sustainability of the municipality. The arrows between the phases indicate the cyclical nature of the management process, ensuring that there is always room for continuous improvement.

Finally,

Table 14. Proposal of phases, dimensions, and strategies for sustainable municipal management.

	Plan	Implement	Control	Improve
Organizational/Institutional	Institutional Diagnosis: Perform an analysis of institutional capabilities and deficiencies. Strategic Objectives: Define goals aligned with the municipality’s mission and vision. Normative Framework: Establish clear norms and procedures regulating municipal management.	Resource Allocation: Distribute responsibilities and resources efficiently. Training: Train personnel in key competencies for the execution of sustainable projects.	Performance Indicators: Establish metrics to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of actions. Audits: Conduct internal and external audits to ensure transparency.	Strategic Review: Update strategic plans based on the results obtained. Culture of Continuous Improvement: Foster an organizational culture oriented towards constant improvement.
Social	Citizen Participation: Involving the community through consultations, surveys, and forums. Needs Analysis: Identifying social demands and expectations.	Participatory Execution: Implementing projects with active community participation. Social Inclusion: Ensuring that all sectors of the population benefit from the projects.	Social Impact: Measuring the impact of projects on the community. Citizen Feedback: Collecting and analyzing citizen’s feedback.	Project Adjustment: Modify projects based on the feedback received. New Initiatives: Develop initiatives that respond to the new needs of the community.
Economic	Participatory Budgeting: Elaborating a budget based on community priorities. Sustainable Financing: Identifying and securing complementary sources of financing, prioritizing those that promote sustainability.	Financial Management: Supervising and managing financial resources effectively. Budget Control: Ensuring compliance with established budgets and deadlines.	Financial Monitoring: Monitoring the use of resources and making adjustments in case of deviations. Economic Evaluation: Analyzing the return on investment of projects.	Resource Optimization: Enhancing efficiency in financial resource management. New Opportunities: Identifying and exploiting new opportunities for financing and savings.
Policy	Public Policy: Developing clear and coherent public policies that promote sustainable development and social welfare. Local Legislation: Establishing a local legal framework that supports sustainable development initiatives.	Implementation of Policies: Putting into practice the policies developed during planning. Interinstitutional Coordination: Facilitating cooperation between different governmental institutions.	Policy Evaluation: Reviewing and assessing the effectiveness of implemented policies. Transparency in Management: Ensuring transparency in political management through public reports and open sessions.	Adaptation Policy: Adjust policies based on feedback and results obtained. Promotion of Participation: Expand citizen participation opportunities in the political process.
Environmental	Environmental Impact Assessment: Analyzing the environmental impact of proposed projects. Sustainability: Integrating sustainability criteria into all plans and projects.	Sustainable Practices: Adopting environmentally friendly technologies and methods. Environmental Monitoring: Monitoring compliance with environmental regulations.	Environmental Supervision: Verify compliance with environmental objectives. Corrective Measures: Implement corrective actions when necessary.	Technological Innovation: Introducing technological innovations for greater sustainability. Policy Strengthening: Strengthening environmental policies and practices based on lessons learned.

presents a proposal that compiles specific strategies for each phase and dimension, aimed at sustainable municipal management. This compilation provides a comprehensive framework for local governments to implement effective and coordinated practices that address sustainability challenges in their communities, thereby facilitating more efficient and responsible administration.

4. Discussion

Sustainability in urban contexts emerges as a crucial imperative for governmental administrations, which must focus their management and planning on this fundamental principle. This entails not only generating social, economic, and environmental value but also integrating practices and policies that promote equity, urban resilience, and the general well-being of the population. Adams et al. [9] and Fenton and Gustafsson [12], agree on this. They mention that it is essential to adopt proactive and strategic measures to address the environmental, social, and economic challenges faced by modern cities, thereby ensuring long-term sustainable development and enhancing the quality of life of their residents.

The literature review on municipal administrative management reveals significant thematic diversity, although most research focuses on evaluating the performance and quality of municipalities or local governments. Cruz and Marques [69] corroborate this view by mentioning that evaluating the performance of local government is particularly relevant. Although differences between municipalities can be significant, municipal governments need clear benchmarks if they aspire to deliver quality services efficiently. However, assessing municipal performance based on their specific needs and contexts is crucial. This contextualized assessment allows for a deeper understanding of each municipality’s unique challenges and particular opportunities. By considering the local environment and specific needs, municipal governments can implement more effective and tailored strategies, facilitating continuous improvement and the implementation of best practices. Additionally, this evaluation allows for the identification of common trends and collaboration opportunities that can benefit local communities in a more direct and relevant manner.

In relation to this research question, there is a convergence in the general approach to municipal management across different parts of the world, but there is also evidence of a variety of thematic areas addressed, such as sustainable municipal development, strategic planning, and analysis of municipal officials. This thematic breadth demonstrates the complexity of municipal management and how researchers have explored various facets of this field in their studies.

Regarding the competencies of municipal governments, their crucial role in promoting social welfare and sustainable development at the municipal level is highlighted. As Tapia et al. [19] mention, the function of municipalities lies in their ability to become increasingly effective in meeting the needs of citizens and other societal actors, ensuring the provision of public services that benefit the community. Similarly, Krause et al. [70] assert that sustainability integrates human needs with ecological welfare, encompassing environmental, economic, and social components. Therefore, local governments are key players that can contribute to advancing sustainability by establishing administrative structures to manage decision-making and project implementation. For example, a local government can adopt policies to minimize energy use and conserve natural resources, focusing on sustainable development goals while also promoting development and expanding access to economic opportunities to improve the quality of life of its citizens, thus contributing to both sustainable development and social welfare.

Therefore, it is highlighted that it is essential that governmental behaviors and actions are oriented towards the welfare of citizens and the improvement of their quality of life. In addition to the formulation of public policies and the management of essential services such as water, electricity, and sanitation, vital aspects such as education, public safety, and transportation planning are added [71]. As Touchton et al. [72] mention, municipal governments assume a series of vital competencies for the welfare and advancement of local communities. They educate, empower, and take care of their citizens’ health. They ensure security and promote support programs for everyone, from childhood to old age and people with disabilities [73]. They provide essential services such as water, electricity, and sewerage, along with waste management and environmental preservation [74]. They promote tourism, sports, art, and culture, as well as lead community development and public infrastructure [75]. They guarantee citizens’ rights, implement public policies, and establish local plans that improve quality of life [76]. They manage transportation and mobility, shape the road system, and establish local rates and taxes. They facilitate housing, stimulate economic development, and ensure social welfare in a continuous cycle of care and improvement [77].

These results are significantly aligned with the municipal competencies in Ecuador, as established by the organic law of municipal regime [78], which defines municipalities in Ecuador as autonomous political entities subordinate to the constitutional legal order of the state, which has the main purpose of the local common good, addressing the needs of the city, metropolitan areas, and rural parishes within their jurisdiction. The responsibilities of the municipalities include ensuring the material and social welfare of the community, providing potable water and sewage services; construction, maintenance, and regulation of roads, streets, parks, and public spaces; waste collection and processing; control of food quality and sanitary conditions; enforcement of moral conduct; construction control; authorization of commercial premises; cemetery management; tourism promotion; management of slaughterhouses and marketplaces; social prevention and care; cantonal development planning; regulation of public space usage; control of product quality and safety; promotion of cultural, sports, and recreational activities; environmental protection; support for productive activities; citizen security; regulation of land transportation and traffic; accessibility for people with disabilities. Furthermore, the municipality can collaborate with other governmental levels in culture, education, and social assistance, according to its available resources.

It is suggested that these results can serve as a basis for comparison with the competencies or responsibilities established in national laws regarding local governments in other countries. This comparison can help identify similarities and differences in municipal management at an international level, facilitating the exchange of best practices and the development of more effective policies tailored to the specific needs of each region. Additionally, it can provide a broader perspective on how municipal responsibilities are addressed in different legal and cultural contexts, contributing to the strengthening of local governance.

It is essential to mention that for municipal competencies to be effective, they must be shared and supported by the citizens and all those involved in the city’s development. As Caldatto et al. [79] mention, businesses also play a crucial role in sustainable development, especially those industries seeking cleaner production with the aim of reducing waste, energy use, resource consumption, and pollution. Public administration should guide the behavior of businesses towards sustainable practices. Additionally, Bisogno et al. [54] point out that local governments governed by coalitions tend to implement more policies to combat climate change and to protect, conserve, and restore ecosystems. This underscores that collaboration and the pooling of efforts are fundamental for sustainable development.

Regarding the stages or phases of municipal administrative management, the importance of planning as an essential and strategic component is observed, along with emphasis on control and evaluation. As Kemp [80] mentions, these aspects are fundamental in the management of local governments because they ensure efficiency in resource allocation, transparency in decision-making, and accountability to citizens. These practices enable adaptation to changes in the environment and ensure that governmental actions are aligned with community needs. The phases of municipal public management, from strategic planning to improvement, form an integral cycle. Planning sets key objectives, followed by resource organization [81,82]. Implementation ensures effective execution, while control monitors and corrects. Improvement promotes adjustments, culminating in motivating rewards [83]. As Tompkins [84] mentions, this process ensures efficiency and community satisfaction in a coherent cycle.

In the research by Salvador and Sancho [85], it is noted that the effective development of policies to address the climate crisis and promote sustainable development requires four key institutional capacities: strategic or leadership capacity, analytical and data-management capacity, organizational management capacity, and collaborative or network-management capacity. This aligns with the phases identified in this study, where strategic or leadership capacity is related to the planning phase, organizational-management capacity and collaborative-management capacity are related to the implementation phase, and analytical and data-management capacity or network capacity are related to the control and improvement phases. Furthermore, it highlights that these capacities need to be interrelated to be effective.

Thus, evaluating the results, it has been identified that the phases of planning, implementation, control, and improvement [50] are the most comprehensive when considering essential aspects of processes. The comprehensive approach of these phases addresses the goals established in the planning phase, followed by execution and resource allocation in the implementation phase. Result evaluation and adaptation in the control phase, as well as the constant search for optimization in the improvement phase, contribute to comprehensive and continuous management. Therefore, it is recommended to integrate these phases into any process related to municipal management to promote continuous and adaptive improvement.

Finally, in the analysis of the main dimensions in which municipal administrative management is evaluated, key areas such as social, organizational, environmental, economic, political, and economic dimensions stand out. These dimensions are essential for understanding and evaluating the effective functioning of local administration [57], highlighting the interrelation between them and the need for balanced attention to achieve optimal results in terms of citizen welfare and sustainable development [17].

The dimensions of public management at the municipal level intertwine to achieve a comprehensive and balanced approach. The economic dimension ensures financial viability, while the social dimension focuses on citizen welfare [86], on relevant aspects of the population, such as citizen participation to strengthen local democracy, while the environmental dimension promotes sustainability. The organizational and institutional dimensions control internal processes and human talent, and they drive operational efficiency [87], while the political dimension ensures integrity, direction, and ethics in governance [88]. Combined, these dimensions nourish municipal administration for collective benefit and lasting progress.

Regarding sustainability, the literature review highlights the importance of sustainable municipal management in various crucial areas, including business regulation, water conservation, transportation, territorial planning, ecosystem care, and waste management. It is essential to emphasize that the majority of studies underscored the need to integrate sustainability into all aspects of municipal management, considering it as a fundamental element in all competencies and processes. One way to achieve this is by establishing clear standards for businesses and fostering socioeconomic agreements with local government, as well as implementing policies aimed at conserving natural resources and promoting alternatives that reduce pollutant emissions. Additionally, identifying and protecting key natural spaces, along with measures to reduce, reuse, and recycle waste, are suggested. These comprehensive strategies can lead to equitable development, environmental preservation, and an improvement in citizens’ quality of life.

However, it is important to mention that there are also barriers in municipal administrative management towards sustainability. Dawkins et al. [89] point out that these barriers can be mainly related to funding, capacity, knowledge, lack of flexibility and dependence on the status quo, lack of guidance or political will, administrative burdens, and lack of regulatory powers or tools. Additionally, the local government context also plays a role, as Atisa et al. [90] mention in regions of Africa, where national objectives diverge from the sustainable development goals, likely leading to more conflicts, limited access to primary resources, marginalization of poor communities, and greater environmental degradation. In these contexts, local governments lack policies, capacities, and skills to influence stakeholder behavior through regulatory frameworks. These populations have different needs and economic resources, which may make sustainability not one of their priority objectives. Therefore, there should be local economic development and planning according to their needs, which safeguards and protects indigenous values, provides a social safety net for all local actors, and minimizes conflicts, integrating sustainability aspects that contribute to social welfare and development.

In conclusion, the results reveal that the evaluation of the performance and quality of municipalities is a predominant area of study. However, significant thematic diversity is also highlighted, ranging from sustainable municipal development to specific aspects such as waste management and the use of technology in municipal administration. Regarding the competencies of local governments, their crucial role in promoting social welfare and formulating public policies is emphasized. This includes the provision of essential services, environmental management, and public health, as well as the promotion of community and economic development. These competencies reflect the importance of municipal governments in the daily lives of citizens and in the sustainable development of local communities. In terms of the most applied stages of administrative management at the municipal level, the importance of strategic planning as an essential component is highlighted. Furthermore, the relevance of control and evaluation to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of municipal resources is recognized. Finally, five main dimensions of municipal administrative management are identified: organizational or institutional, social, economic, environmental or ecological, and political. These dimensions are interrelated and require balanced attention to ensure citizen welfare and sustainable development. Understanding these phases, competencies, and dimensions, as well as their practical application, is crucial for effective municipal management oriented towards achieving sustainable development goals.

4.1. Limitations

Some limitations of the evidence included in this review may lie in the availability and quality of the studies examined. Since the literature on municipal administrative management is vast and varied, it is possible that some relevant studies were not considered or that the methodological quality of certain works is questionable. Heterogeneity in methodological approaches and diversity in the studied populations may also have influenced the consistency of the collected results. Furthermore, the possibility of publication bias is a valid concern, as studies with negative or non-significant results may not have been published or may have been overlooked during the bibliographic search.

As for the limitations of the review processes used, it is important to recognize that this review may have been subject to biases inherent in the literature selection and analysis process. Despite efforts to be exhaustive in the search and selection of relevant studies, it is possible that some pertinent works may have been overlooked due to human errors or limitations in the search terms used. Additionally, the review may be limited by time constraints or restricted access to certain databases or sources of information, which could have affected the inclusion of more recent studies.

In relation to the database, Scopus was chosen as the database due to its widely recognized extensive coverage and quality. Although both Scopus and other platforms host high-impact journals, Web of Science was not used in the search. This decision was made because Web of Science includes emerging journals through the Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), and the researchers did not have access to the specific search tools of this platform. This limitation could have affected the comprehensiveness of the bibliographic search. However, it is believed that the number of candidate studies obtained from Scopus, a database that includes the majority of journals from the world’s leading publishers, along with the number of primary studies extracted, provided significant results.

Another important consideration is that meta-analyses were not conducted due to the qualitative and diverse nature of the collected data. This inherent diversity made it challenging to statistically combine the results, naturally limiting the scope of quantitative conclusions and affecting the ability to make more precise and generalizable inferences. In addition, the lack of data homogeneity and variability in the methodological quality of individual studies were also factors to consider, which may have influenced the interpretation of results and the robustness of the conclusions drawn.

4.2. Practical Implications

The results obtained indicate several practical implications for municipal administrative management. Firstly, the importance of evaluating municipal performance considering specific contexts is highlighted, requiring flexible and adaptive assessment systems. Furthermore, there is an emphasis on the need to promote collaboration among citizens, businesses, and local government to jointly address sustainable development challenges. Likewise, the importance of integrating sustainability into all areas of municipal management is underscored, adopting policies and practices that promote resource conservation and social welfare. A cyclical approach to municipal management, including stages of planning, implementation, control, and continuous improvement, is crucial to ensure the effectiveness and adaptability of public services. Finally, there is a need to invest in developing institutional capacities so that local governments can effectively fulfill their responsibilities, strengthening leadership, data management, and collaboration among different municipal actors. These practical implications point towards the adoption of more contextualized, collaborative, and sustainable approaches in municipal administrative management, aiming to promote sustainable development and enhance the welfare of local communities.