Green Heritage and Lanna Urban Identity: A Study of Temples in Chiang Mai Old City
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area
3. Methodology
4. Results of the Study
4.1. Tangible Elements of Landscape Plants in Chiang Mai Old City
4.1.1. Plants as Heritage
4.1.2. Plants and Urban Skyline
4.1.3. Plants and Urban Space
4.1.4. Plants and Urban Scenery
4.1.5. Plants in Landscapes Zoning and Functional Distribution
4.2. Intangible Elements of Landscape Plants in Chiang Mai Old City
4.2.1. Relation of Plants and City Festival
4.2.2. Plants and Place Name
4.2.3. Plants in Social Events and Traditions
4.2.4. Plants in Local Literature
4.2.5. Plants in Local Wisdom and Belief
5. Discussion
5.1. The Role of Plants in Shaping the Landscape Character
5.2. Plants and Sense of Place of Chiang Mai Old City
5.3. The Impact of Urbanization on Lanna Landscape Plants in Chiang Mai Old City
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Origin | Number of Plants |
---|---|
Native | 9877 (30.0) 1 |
AUSTRALIAN | 512 (1.6) |
BOREAL | 449 (1.4) |
CAPENSIC | 221 (0.7) |
NEOTROPICAL | 7703 (23.4) |
PALEOTROPICAL | 14137 (43.8) |
Total | 32899 (100.0) |
Type | Front | Side | Back | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aquatic plant | 270 (0.8) 1 | 582 (1.8) | 504 (1.5) | 1356 (4.1) |
Climber | 102 (0.3) | 179 (0.5) | 151 (0.5) | 432 (1.3) |
Epiphyte | 238 (0.7) | 303 (0.9) | 152 (0.5) | 693 (2.1) |
Shrub | 6103 (18.6) | 14117 (42.9) | 6508 (19.8) | 26728 (81.2) |
Tree | 867 (2.6) | 1812 (5.5) | 1011 (3.1) | 3690 (11.5) |
Total | 7580 (23.0) | 16993 (51.7) | 8326 (25.3) | 32899 (100.0) |
Growing Status | ||||
Container | 2395 (7.3) 1 | 5296 (16.1) | 1858 (5.6) | 9549 (29.1) |
Ground | 5185 (15.8) | 11697 (35.6) | 6468 (19.7) | 23350 (71.0) |
Total | 7580 (23.0) | 16993 (51.7) | 8326 (25.3) | 32899 (100.0) |
Function | Front | Side | Back | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ornamental | 6900 (21.0) 1 | 15782 (48.0) | 7860 (23.9) | 30542 (92.8) |
Edible | 2192 (6.7) | 5124 (15.6) | 3207 (9.7) | 10523 (32.0) |
Applicable | 395 (1.2) | 1022 (3.1) | 399 (1.2) | 1816 (5.5) |
Cultural | 1108 (3.4) | 3820 (11.6) | 1522 (4.6) | 6450 (19.6) |
Medicinal | 2999 (9.1) | 6930 (21.1) | 4122 (12.5) | 14051 (42.7) |
Function | Front | Side | Back | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ornamental | ||||
Foliage | 5803 (15.5) 1 | 10391 (31.6) | 5233 (15.9) | 20707 (62.9) |
Flower | 1794 (5.5) | 5344 (16.2) | 2602 (7.9) | 9740 (29.6) |
Ornamental Fruit | 23 (0.1) | 47 (0.1) | 25 (0.1) | 95 (0.3) |
Edible | ||||
Vegetable | 1673 (5.1) | 4255 (12.9) | 2812 (8.5) | 8740 (26.6) |
Fruit | 436 (1.3) | 765 (2.3) | 380 (1.2) | 1581 (4.8) |
Spice | 83 (0.3) | 104 (0.3) | 15 (0.0) | 202 (0.6) |
Applicable | ||||
Wood | 222 (0.7) | 587 (1.8) | 232 (0.7) | 1041 (3.2) |
Dye | 171 (0.5) | 432 (1.3) | 167 (0.5) | 770 (2.3) |
Fiber | 2 (0.0) | 3 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (0.0) |
Cultural | ||||
Tradition | 999 (3.0) | 3656 (11.1) | 1384 (4.2) | 6039 (18.4) |
Religion | 109 (0.3) | 164 (0.5) | 138 (0.4) | 411 (1.2) |
Medicinal | ||||
Medicinal | 2999 (9.1) | 6930 (21.1) | 4122 (12.5) | 14051 (42.7) |
Plant Life Form | Number of Species | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Tree | 114 | 64.33 |
Shrub | 37 | 21.64 |
Climber Plants | 14 | 8.19 |
Aquatic Plants | 6 | 3.51 |
Ground Cover | 2 | 1.17 |
Epiphytic Plants | 2 | 1.17 |
Plant Type | Describe the Scenery | Indicate the Location |
---|---|---|
Aquatic Plants | 5 | 1 |
Climber Plants | 2 | 1 |
Epiphytic Plants | 1 | 1 |
Ground Cover | 0 | 4 |
Shrub | 7 | 16 |
Tree | 40 | 54 |
Total | 55 | 77 |
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Wonglangka, W.; Han, F. Green Heritage and Lanna Urban Identity: A Study of Temples in Chiang Mai Old City. Sustainability 2024, 16, 6574. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156574
Wonglangka W, Han F. Green Heritage and Lanna Urban Identity: A Study of Temples in Chiang Mai Old City. Sustainability. 2024; 16(15):6574. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156574
Chicago/Turabian StyleWonglangka, Warong, and Feng Han. 2024. "Green Heritage and Lanna Urban Identity: A Study of Temples in Chiang Mai Old City" Sustainability 16, no. 15: 6574. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156574