Characterization of Waste Biomass Fuel Prepared from Coffee and Tea Production: Its Properties, Combustion, and Emissions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Collection of Spent Coffee Grounds and Spent Tea Grounds
2.2. Pelleting Process for Spent Coffee and Tea Grounds
2.3. Analyzing the Properties of the Waste Biomass Mixture
2.4. Assessment of Calorific Value
2.5. Analysis of Surface Functional Groups
2.6. Test Setup and Equipment
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Chemical Properties of Spent Coffee and Tea Grounds
3.1.1. Proximate and Ultimate Analyses of Spent Coffee and Tea Grounds
3.1.2. Calculation of the Calorific Value
3.1.3. Biomass Composition of Spent Coffee and Tea Grounds
3.1.4. Metal Contents of Spent Coffee and Tea Grounds
3.1.5. Functional Group Analysis of SCG and STG Pellet Fuels
3.2. Physical Properties of SCG and STG Pellet Fuels
3.2.1. SEM Analysis of SCG and STG Pellet Fuels
3.2.2. Physical Characterization of SCG and STG Pellet Fuels
3.3. Results of the Combustion Test
3.4. Concentrations of Different Gasses from the Emissions
3.5. Comparing Emissions with Traditional Coal Fuels
3.6. Comparing the Results with Traditional Coal Fuels
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Proximate Analysis (Weight %) | Ultimate Analysis (Weight %) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Water Content | Ash | Volatile Matter | Fixed Carbon | C | H | N | O | S | |
HSCG | 6.00 ± 0.12 | 1.45 ± 0.04 | 77.66 ± 0.38 | 14.89 ± 0.29 | 53.65 ± 0.55 | 6.77 ± 0.13 | 2.38 ± 0.11 | 36.61 ± 0.18 | 0.10 ± 0.00 |
CSCG | 6.81 ± 0.06 | 0.99 ± 0.06 | 79.58 ± 0.61 | 12.62 ± 0.24 | 57.61 ± 0.16 | 7.74 ± 0.41 | 2.44 ± 0.17 | 32.14 ± 0.75 | 0.09 ± 0.01 |
STG | 7.16 ±0.06 | 3.66 ± 0.04 | 68.25 ± 0.01 | 20.95 ± 0.04 | 45.44 ± 0.16 | 5.92 ± 0.01 | 3.26 ± 0.05 | 45.24 ± 0.19 | 0.17 ± 0.01 |
HHV (MJ/kg) | LHV (MJ/kg) | LHV/HHV (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
HSCGs | 22.84 | 21.16 | 92.65 |
CSCGs | 26.20 | 24.29 | 92.68 |
STGs | 17.64 | 16.13 | 91.41 |
FuShun peat | 17.36 | 16.53 | 95.23 |
NanTong coal | 22.03 | 21.31 | 96.69 |
Holocellulose (Weight %) | Lignin (Weight %) | |
---|---|---|
SCGs | 47.29 | 22.05 |
STGs | 55.73 | 29.33 |
Na (Weight %) | K (Weight %) | Ca (Weight %) | Mg (Weight %) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SCGs | 0.51 | 0.16 | 0.06 | N.D. |
STGs | 0.75 | 0.21 | 0.11 | N.D. |
Materials | d (cm) | L (cm) | m (g) | V (cm3) | ρ (g/cm3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CSCG:STG = 10:0 | 1.20 | 0.90 | 0.78 | 1.02 | 0.76 |
CSCG:STG = 8:2 | 1.20 | 0.90 | 0.76 | 1.02 | 0.75 |
CSCG:STG = 6:4 | 1.20 | 0.90 | 0.75 | 1.02 | 0.74 |
CSCG:STG = 4:6 | 1.20 | 0.90 | 0.76 | 1.02 | 0.75 |
CSCG:STG = 2:8 | 1.20 | 0.85 | 0.68 | 0.96 | 0.71 |
CSCG:STG = 0:10 | 1.20 | 0.80 | 0.62 | 0.90 | 0.69 |
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Wu, S.; Wang, Q.; Wang, W.; Wang, Y.; Lu, D. Characterization of Waste Biomass Fuel Prepared from Coffee and Tea Production: Its Properties, Combustion, and Emissions. Sustainability 2024, 16, 7246. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177246
Wu S, Wang Q, Wang W, Wang Y, Lu D. Characterization of Waste Biomass Fuel Prepared from Coffee and Tea Production: Its Properties, Combustion, and Emissions. Sustainability. 2024; 16(17):7246. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177246
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Shangrong, Qingyue Wang, Weiqian Wang, Yanyan Wang, and Dawei Lu. 2024. "Characterization of Waste Biomass Fuel Prepared from Coffee and Tea Production: Its Properties, Combustion, and Emissions" Sustainability 16, no. 17: 7246. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177246