Conceptualization of ESG Management Values of Professional Sports Clubs: From Consumers’ Perspective
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Related Work
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Q-Sample (or Q-Statement)
3.2. P-Sample (or Q-Sorter)
3.3. Q-Sort
3.4. Q-Factor Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Type (or Factor) Analysis
4.2. Type (or Factor) Interpretation
4.2.1. Type I: Trust Management Emphasis
4.2.2. Type II: Local Community Emphasis
4.2.3. Type III: Safety–Respect Culture Emphasis
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Theme | Factors Related to ESG Management of Sports Organizations (n) |
---|---|---|
1 | E | Environmental protection activities, provision of eco-friendly services, orientation to eco-friendly policies, transparent governance structure, and clean management (5) |
S | Cooperation in local community development, encouragement of community volunteer activities, and return of company resources to society (3) | |
G | Transparent disclosure of internal information (1) | |
2 | E | Introduction of nature-centeredness (1) |
G | Fair evaluation and personnel management, customized ESG approach, strict punishment for unethical behavior, raising the organization’s ESG awareness, setting measurable goals, introducing new leadership, and transparent disclosure of corporate information (7) | |
3 | E | Reduction in the use of disposable products, use of products made from eco-friendly raw materials, promotion of the use of recycled products, eco-friendly energy (using eco-friendly means of transportation), energy conservation, reduction in water usage, use of recycled water, reduction in waste discharge, minimization of waste generation and hazardous substances, and restrictions on use (10) |
S | Community donations, sports activities support for vulnerable groups, nurturing of sports talent, and ESG-related practice training (4) | |
G | Strengthening member capabilities, strengthening member safety, human rights policy (prevention of discrimination, harassment, and violence), personal information protection, shared growth with partners, anti-corruption policy, ethical management policy, ethics-related employee training, information disclosure, reflection of stakeholders’ ESG requirements, diversity of decision-making structure, fairness, leading ESG-related movements, participation in ESG-related global initiatives, and sustainability report released (14) | |
4 | E | Use of reusable containers, use of eco-friendly products (cheering tools, uniforms, etc.), use of eco-friendly facilities and energy (3) |
S | Donation to the community, support for sports for the vulnerable, support for physical activities in the community (3) | |
G | Establishment of an ethical management system, ethical education, ethical management policy (3) | |
5 | E | Energy management, purchase of eco-friendly products, management of environmentally hazardous substances (3) |
S | Visitor satisfaction, social responsibility management (2) | |
G | Human and labor rights management, ethical management, employee ethics, fairness in athlete management (4) | |
6 | E | Eco-friendly stadium facilities, reducing the use of disposable products, reducing waste emissions, separating recyclables, efficient energy use (5) |
S | Coexistence with local companies, forming a local sports culture, donating sports talent to the community, promoting sports participation of the underprivileged (4) | |
G | Transparent personnel system, transparent financial management system, strengthening communication with fans (3) |
No. | Q-Samples (Q-Statements) | Source |
---|---|---|
1 | Cooperation in developing local community | [28] |
2 | Strict monitoring function of management affairs | [35] |
3 | Use of eco-friendly energy | [32] |
4 | Fair management and succession | [33] |
5 | Anti-discrimination training | [35] |
6 | Transparent governance (management) | [28] |
7 | Use of eco-friendly products (uniforms, cheering equipment, etc.) | [32] |
8 | Strict action against unethical behavior | [33] |
9 | Promoting visitor satisfaction | Interview |
10 | Establishment of anti-corruption system | [35] |
11 | Fairness in human resources management of players and staff | Interview |
12 | Restrictions on the use of hazardous substances | [35] |
13 | Protection for personal information | [35] |
14 | Utilizing eco-friendly transportation | [35] |
15 | Return of profits to local community | Interview |
16 | Minimizing waste generation | Interview |
17 | Support for sports activities of vulnerable groups | Interview |
18 | Enhancing the safety of members (players, employees, and visitors) | [35] |
19 | Measurable goal setting | [33] |
20 | Transparent disclosure of internal information | [28] |
21 | Ban on the use of disposable products | [35] |
22 | Shared growth with partner companies | [35] |
23 | Efficient customer service and process | Interview |
24 | Fair decision-making structure | [33] |
25 | Support for local community’s sports activities | Interview |
Item | Type I | Type II | Type III |
---|---|---|---|
Eigenvalues | 15.5910 | 4.9043 | 3.7223 |
% Expl. var. | 19 | 18 | 18 |
Cum% expl. var. | 19 | 37 | 55 |
Type | I | II | III |
---|---|---|---|
I | 1 | 0.525 ** | 0.549 ** |
II | - | 1 | 0.322 ** |
III | - | - | 1 |
Type | ID | Age | Gender | Job | Sport of Interest | Frequency of Watching Games * | Factor Loading |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I (N = 13) | 2 | 25 | M | Student | Football | High | 0.7162 |
3 | 24 | M | Student | Basketball | High | 0.6779 | |
7 | 36 | M | Public official | Football | High | 0.5223 | |
10 | 34 | M | Self-ownership | Football | High | 0.6978 | |
17 | 28 | F | Self-ownership | Baseball | High | 0.6201 | |
18 | 34 | F | Self-ownership | Baseball | Low | 0.6053 | |
20 | 24 | M | Student | Football | Middle | 0.5548 | |
21 | 23 | M | Student | Volleyball | Middle | 0.6861 | |
23 | 22 | F | Student | Baseball | High | 0.6844 | |
30 | 32 | M | Office worker | Football | High | 0.6716 | |
32 | 21 | F | Student | Baseball | Low | 0.5799 | |
33 | 33 | M | Office worker | Football | Middle | 0.6011 | |
37 | 33 | F | Public official | Baseball | High | 0.5579 | |
II (N = 11) | 1 | 24 | F | Student | Baseball | High | 0.8550 |
6 | 28 | M | Public official | Football | Middle | 0.6917 | |
13 | 25 | M | Student | Basketball | Low | 0.5626 | |
14 | 23 | F | Student | Football | Low | 0.7806 | |
15 | 30 | F | Office worker | Baseball | High | 0.7926 | |
16 | 30 | M | Self-ownership | Baseball | High | 0.7117 | |
24 | 31 | F | Self-ownership | Football | High | 0.7363 | |
27 | 22 | F | Student | Basketball | Middle | 0.7756 | |
31 | 23 | M | Student | Football | Low | 0.6660 | |
35 | 24 | F | Student | Football | High | 0.5707 | |
39 | 25 | F | Office worker | Baseball | Middle | 0.5382 | |
III (N = 14) | 4 | 23 | M | Student | Baseball | Low | 0.5750 |
5 | 24 | M | Student | Football | High | 0.4549 | |
8 | 33 | M | Office worker | Volleyball | Middle | 0.5836 | |
11 | 35 | M | Office worker | Baseball | High | 0.7748 | |
12 | 35 | F | Self-ownership | Football | Middle | 0.7485 | |
22 | 35 | M | Self-ownership | Baseball | Middle | 0.6248 | |
25 | 34 | F | Office worker | Volleyball | High | 0.5918 | |
26 | 23 | F | Student | Football | High | 0.6949 | |
28 | 34 | F | Self-ownership | Baseball | Low | 0.6250 | |
29 | 30 | M | Office worker | Football | Middle | 0.4841 | |
34 | 32 | F | Office worker | Basketball | High | 0.6204 | |
36 | 23 | F | Student | Football | High | 0.4230 | |
38 | 22 | F | Student | Football | Middle | 0.7619 | |
40 | 29 | F | Self-ownership | Baseball | Low | 0.7759 | |
Invalidity (N = 2) | 9 | 22 | M | Student | Volleyball | High | - |
19 | 34 | M | Public official | Baseball | Middle | - |
No. | Q-Sample | Z-Score |
---|---|---|
6 | Transparent governance (management) | 1.393 |
4 | Fair management and succession | 1.365 |
20 | Transparent disclosure of internal information | 1.316 |
24 | Fair decision-making structure | 1.097 |
10 | Establishment of anti-corruption system | 1.025 |
2 | Strict monitoring function of management affairs | 1.024 |
7 | Use of eco-friendly products (uniforms, cheering equipment, etc.) | −1.019 |
12 | Restrictions on the use of hazardous substances | −1.365 |
3 | Use of eco-friendly energy | −1.397 |
16 | Minimizing waste generation | −1.441 |
14 | Utilizing eco-friendly transportation | −1.597 |
No. | Q-Sample | Z-Score |
---|---|---|
1 | Cooperation in developing local community | 1.690 |
15 | Return of profits to local community | 1.526 |
25 | Support for local community’s sports activities | 1.147 |
22 | Shared growth with partner companies | 1.026 |
12 | Restrictions on the use of hazardous substances | −1.270 |
14 | Utilizing eco-friendly transportation | −1.285 |
16 | Minimizing waste generation | −1.486 |
7 | Use of eco-friendly products (uniforms, cheering equipment, etc.) | −1.495 |
21 | Ban on the use of disposable products | −1.648 |
3 | Use of eco-friendly energy | −1.896 |
No. | Q-Sample | Z-Score |
---|---|---|
18 | Enhancing the safety of members (players, employees, and visitors) | 1.695 |
8 | Strict action against unethical behavior | 1.560 |
11 | Fairness in human resources management of players and staff | 1.254 |
5 | Anti-discrimination training | 1.131 |
17 | Support for sports activities of vulnerable groups | −1.053 |
15 | Return of profits to local community | −1.080 |
3 | Use of eco-friendly energy | −1.231 |
7 | Use of eco-friendly products (uniforms, cheering equipment, etc.) | −1.277 |
21 | Ban on the use of disposable products | −1.390 |
4 | Fair management and succession | −1.658 |
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Myung, W. Conceptualization of ESG Management Values of Professional Sports Clubs: From Consumers’ Perspective. Sustainability 2024, 16, 7257. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177257
Myung W. Conceptualization of ESG Management Values of Professional Sports Clubs: From Consumers’ Perspective. Sustainability. 2024; 16(17):7257. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177257
Chicago/Turabian StyleMyung, Wangsung. 2024. "Conceptualization of ESG Management Values of Professional Sports Clubs: From Consumers’ Perspective" Sustainability 16, no. 17: 7257. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177257