Seasonal Dynamics of the Silica-Scaled Chrysophytes as Potential Markers of Climate Change in Natural Model: Deep Cold Lake–Shallow Warmer Reservoir
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Sampling and Microscopy
3. Results
3.1. Water Variables
3.2. Analysis of Factors Affecting the Structure of Silica-Scaled Chrysophytes Communities
3.3. Seasonal Dynamics of Silica-Scaled Chrysophytes
3.4. Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Silica-Scaled Chrysophytes in the Context of Differences Trophic Modes
4. Discussion
4.1. Species Diversity of Silica-Scaled Chrysophytes in the Study Area
4.2. Features of Seasonal Dynamics of Silica-Scaled Chrysophytes
4.3. Silica-Scaled Chrysophytes as Markers of Climate Change
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Station Number | ID/Name Station | Coordinates N/E |
---|---|---|
Southern Baikal | ||
1. | 12K_12 km from Kultuk | 51° 40.578/103° 52.309 |
2. | 3M_3 km from Marituy | 51° 45.546/104° 13.222 |
3. | MS_Marituy-Solzan | 51° 38.710/104° 13.715 |
4. | 3S_3 km from Solzan | 51° 31.428/104° 14.417 |
5. | TS_cape Tolsty-Snezhnaya River | 51° 36.402/104° 44.147 |
6. | 3T_3 km from Tankhoi | 51° 35.440/105° 06.968 |
7. | KM_cape Kadilny-Mishikha | 51° 46.731/105° 22.528 |
8. | LT_Listvyanka-Tankhoi | 51° 42.262/105° 00.720 |
9. | 3L_3 km from Listvyanka | 51° 49.033/104° 54.616 |
Angara River | ||
10. | B_Burduguz | 52° 04.105/104° 59.451 |
Irkutsk Reservoir | ||
11. | KB_Kurma Bay | 52° 06.845/104° 45.926 |
12. | cKB_center against Kurma Bay | 52° 10.874/104° 47.935 |
13. | ElB_Elovy Bay | 52° 09.906/104° 25.172 |
14. | cElB_center against Elovy Bay | 52° 14.548/104° 45.243 |
15. | cErB_center against Ershovsky Bay | 52° 21.511/104° 37.550 |
16. | IErB_Ershovsky Bay | 52° 20.851/104° 34.439 |
17. | Ups_head water | 52° 23.478/104° 33.722 |
No. | Species | Station Number (See Table 1) | Month of Sampling | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Southern Baikal | Irkutsk Reservoir | ||||||||||||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | |||
1. | Chrysosphaerella baikalensis Popovskaya | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | June | |
1 | October | ||||||||||||||||||
2. | C. brevispina Korshikov | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | June | |||||||
1 | August | ||||||||||||||||||
3. | C. coronacircumspina Wujek & Kristiansen | 1 | 1 | June | |||||||||||||||
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | August | ||||
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | October | |||||
4. | Paraphysomonas bandaiensis Takahashi | 1 | June | ||||||||||||||||
5. | P. gladiata * Preisig & Hibberd | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | August | |||
6. | P. uniformis hemiradia * Scoble & Cavalier-Smith | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | August | |||||||||||||
1 | October | ||||||||||||||||||
7. | Paraphysomonas sp. 1 | 1 | June | ||||||||||||||||
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | August | ||||||||||||||
8. | Paraphysomonas sp. 2 | 1 | June | ||||||||||||||||
9. | Paraphysomonas sp. 3 * | 1 | October | ||||||||||||||||
10. | Lepidochromonas cf. stephanolepis (Preisig & Hibberd) Kapustin & Guiry * | 1 | August | ||||||||||||||||
11. | L. cf. canistrum (Preisig & Hibberd) Kapustin & Guiry * | 1 | August | ||||||||||||||||
12. | Spiniferomonas abrupta Nielsen | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | June | |||||||||||||
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | August | |||||||||||||||
1 | October | ||||||||||||||||||
13. | S. bourrellyi Takahashi | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | June | ||||||||||||
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | August | ||||||
14. | S. cornuta Balonov | 1 | June | ||||||||||||||||
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | August | ||||
1 | October | ||||||||||||||||||
15. | S. septispina * Nicholls | 1 | 1 | 1 | August | ||||||||||||||
1 | 1 | October | |||||||||||||||||
16. | S. silverensis Nicholls | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | June | |||||||||||||
1 | 1 | 1 | August | ||||||||||||||||
17. | S. takahashii * Nicholls | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | August | ||||||
18. | S. triangularis Siver | 1 | 1 | June | |||||||||||||||
19. | S. trioralis Takahashi | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | June | |||||||
2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | August | ||
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | October | |||||
20. | S. trioralis f. cuspidata Balonov | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | June | |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | August | ||
2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | October | ||||||
21. | Mallomonas acaroides Perty | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | June | |||||||||||||
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | August | ||||||||||
22. | M. alpina Pascher & Ruttner | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | June |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | August | ||
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | October | ||||
23. | M. crassisquama (Asmund) Fott | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | June | ||||||||||
1 | 1 | 1 | August | ||||||||||||||||
2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | October | |||||||||||||
24. | M. elongata Reverdin | 1 | June | ||||||||||||||||
1 | October | ||||||||||||||||||
25. | M. getseniae (Voloshko) Bessudova Voloshko | 1 | June | ||||||||||||||||
26. | M. grachevii Bessudova | 1 | 1 | 1 | June | ||||||||||||||
27. | M. punctifera Korshikov | 1 | 1 | 1 | June | ||||||||||||||
28. | M. striata Asmund | 1 | 1 | June | |||||||||||||||
1 | 1 | August | |||||||||||||||||
29. | M. tonsurata Teiling | 1 | June | ||||||||||||||||
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | August | ||||||||
30. | M. trummensis Cronberg | 1 | June | ||||||||||||||||
31. | M. vannigera Asmund | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | June | ||||||||
32. | Mallomonas sp. | 1 | 1 | June | |||||||||||||||
33. | Synura echinulata Korshikov | 1 | June | ||||||||||||||||
34. | S. glabra (Korshikov) Škaloud & Kynclová | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | June | |||||||||
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | August | |||||||||||||
1 | October | ||||||||||||||||||
35. | S. punctulosa Balonov | 1 | 1 | 1 | June | ||||||||||||||
36. | S. spinosa f. longispina Petersen & Hansen | 1 | June | ||||||||||||||||
37. | Synura sp. 1 | 1 | 1 | June | |||||||||||||||
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | August | ||||||||||||||
38. | Synura sp. 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | June | |||||||||
1 | 1 | August |
SB Spring T, °C 3.6–4.5 | IR Spring T, °C 7.6–11.5 | SB Summer T, °C 6.3–15.6 | IR Summer T, °C 16.6–18.3 | SB Autumn T, °C 5.1–9.8 | IR Autumn T, °C 9.3–10.5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C. baikalensis | S. abrupta | S. abrupta | M. tonsurata | S. cornuta | Paraphysomonas sp. 3 |
M. vannigera | S. triangularis | M. tonsurata | Paraphysomonas sp. 1 | C. coronacircumspina | M. elongata |
S. trioralis | S. bourrellyi | Paraphysomonas sp. 1 | S. cornuta | S. septispina | M. crassisquama |
S. trioralis f. cuspidata | Synura sp. 1 | S. cornuta | P. gladiata | S. trioralis | S. trioralis |
M. alpina | Synura sp. 2 | P. gladiata | S. takahashii | S. trioralis f. cuspidata | S. trioralis f. cuspidata |
S. glabra | S. takahashii | C. coronacircumspina | M. alpina | M. alpina | |
S. silverensis | C. coronacircumspina | S. septispina | |||
M. acaroides | S. septispina | S. trioralis | |||
M. crassisquama | S. trioralis | S. trioralis f. cuspidata | |||
C. coronacircumspina | S. trioralis f. cuspidata | M. alpina | |||
S. trioralis | M. alpina | ||||
S. trioralis f. cuspidata | |||||
M. alpina |
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Bessudova, A.; Galachyants, Y.; Firsova, A.; Hilkhanova, D.; Marchenkov, A.; Nalimova, M.; Sakirko, M.; Likhoshway, Y. Seasonal Dynamics of the Silica-Scaled Chrysophytes as Potential Markers of Climate Change in Natural Model: Deep Cold Lake–Shallow Warmer Reservoir. Sustainability 2024, 16, 7299. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177299
Bessudova A, Galachyants Y, Firsova A, Hilkhanova D, Marchenkov A, Nalimova M, Sakirko M, Likhoshway Y. Seasonal Dynamics of the Silica-Scaled Chrysophytes as Potential Markers of Climate Change in Natural Model: Deep Cold Lake–Shallow Warmer Reservoir. Sustainability. 2024; 16(17):7299. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177299
Chicago/Turabian StyleBessudova, Anna, Yuri Galachyants, Alena Firsova, Diana Hilkhanova, Artyom Marchenkov, Maria Nalimova, Maria Sakirko, and Yelena Likhoshway. 2024. "Seasonal Dynamics of the Silica-Scaled Chrysophytes as Potential Markers of Climate Change in Natural Model: Deep Cold Lake–Shallow Warmer Reservoir" Sustainability 16, no. 17: 7299. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177299