Health Perspectives on the Impact of Historic Neighborhood Street Environments on Children’s Activities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Research Material
2.1. Research Indicator
2.1.1. Dependent Variables
2.1.2. Independent Variables
2.2. Research Data
2.3. Research Method
3. Children’s Activities on Streets
3.1. The Characteristics of Children’s Activities on Streets
3.1.1. Children’s BMI, WAS, and AT
3.1.2. Children’s AF and AD on Streets
3.2. Children’s Satisfaction of SE
4. Results
4.1. Relationships between Children’s BMI, WAS, AT, and SE
4.2. Relationships between Children’s AF, AD, and SE
5. Conclusions and Outlook
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Factors | Description |
---|---|---|
Children’s health | BMI 1 | children’s weight (kg)/[height (m)]2 |
Children’s activity | WAS 2 | Children’s willingness to engage in activities in the street |
AT 3 | vigorous activity (VA) 4 and moderate activity (MA) 5 | |
AF | times per week that children engage in MA and VA on the street | |
AD | hours per week of MA and VA on the streets by children | |
The satisfaction of SE 6 | safety | Traffic volume, parking, traffic speed, sidewalk width, lighting system, turning radius, sidewalk continuity, social surveillance, street monitoring, pavement evenness |
comfort | Recreational facilities, size of facilities, odors and noise, greening, streetscapes | |
interest | Commercial richness, children’s play space, spatial intelligibility, color of the street facade, fun guide logo | |
convenience | Recreation space, daily activity space, public transportation |
Attribute | Sample Size (%) | BMI | WAS (%) | AT (%) | AF (Times/ Week) | AD (Hours/ Week) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
age (years old) | 6–7 | 90 (27.3%) | 16.26 | 34.4% | 46.6% | 3.77 | 3.52 |
8–10 | 117 (35.62%) | 18.17 | 45.2% | 57.2% | 5.47 | 5.13 | |
11–12 | 136 (37.08%) | 19.34 | 52.2% | 61.1% | 5.37 | 5.21 | |
gender | boy | 197 (57.4%) | 18.95 | 62.4% | 69.5% | 6.63 | 6.49 |
girl | 146 (42.6%) | 17.02 | 21.9% | 37.6% | 2.77 | 2.37 | |
traffic mode to school | walk | 157 (45.7%) | 18.44 | 45.8% | 57.3% | 4.98 | 4.73 |
non-motorized vehicle | 126 (36.7%) | 17.69 | 40.4% | 51.5% | 4.42 | 4.35 | |
motor vehicles | 60 (17.6%) | 18.24 | 53.3% | 61.6% | 6.17 | 5.57 | |
AP | friends | 247 (72%) | 18.17 | 43.3% | 55.8% | 5.04 | 4.76 |
family | 83 (24.2%) | 17.88 | 48.1% | 53.0% | 4.92 | 4.74 | |
alone | 13 (3.8%) | 19.05 | 61.5% | 76.9% | 4.31 | 4.27 | |
parents‘ education attainment | high school | 84 (24.4%) | 18.52 | 35.7% | 58.3% | 4.29 | 4.33 |
undergraduate | 214 (62.3%) | 17.93 | 50.0% | 56.5% | 5.14 | 4.76 | |
master’s degree or above | 45 (13.3%) | 18.35 | 40.0% | 48.8% | 5.53 | 5.41 | |
Local Huji | yes | 221 (67.3%) | 18.09 | 58.3% | 70.1% | 6.22 | 6.00 |
no | 122 (32.7%) | 18.21 | 21.3% | 30.3% | 2.74 | 2.45 | |
Total | 343 (100%) | 18.13 | 45.1% | 68.7% | 4.98 | 4.74 |
Explanatory Variable | BMI | WAS | AT | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | Marginal Effect | Coefficient | Marginal Effect | Coefficient | Marginal Effect | ||
socio-economic property | Parents’ education | −0.648 ** | −0.049 ** | −0.636 ** | −0.075 ** | ||
Local Huji | 1.489 *** | 0.106 *** | |||||
Child gender | |||||||
AP | |||||||
Distance to activity location | |||||||
safety | Traffic volume | ||||||
Parking | |||||||
Traffic speed | −0.505 * | −0.038 * | 0.763 *** | 0.054 *** | |||
Sidewalk width | 0.473 ** | 0.056 ** | |||||
Lighting system | 0.624 * | 0.044 * | |||||
Turning radius | |||||||
Sidewalk continuity | |||||||
Social surveillance | 0.906 *** | 0.064 *** | 0.360 * | 0.043 * | |||
Street monitoring | −0.648 ** | −0.049 ** | |||||
Pavement Evenness | 0.456 * | 0.035 * | |||||
comfort | Recreational facilities | −0.661 ** | −0.050 ** | 0.832 *** | 0.032 *** | ||
Size of facilities | 0.654 ** | 0.050 ** | |||||
Odor and noise | −0.491 ** | −0.037 ** | 0.456 ** | 0.054 *** | |||
Greening | −0.515 * | −0.039 * | |||||
Streetscape | 0.476 ** | 0.056 ** | |||||
interest | Commercial richness | 0.483 * | 0.034 * | ||||
Children’s play space | |||||||
Facade color matching | |||||||
Spatial intelligibility | |||||||
Fun guide logo | −0.425 * | −0.032 * | 0.583 ** | 0.041 ** | |||
convenience | Public transportation | 0.677 ** | 0.048 ** | ||||
Recreation space | −0.474 * | −0.036 * | |||||
Daily activity space | 0.646 * | 0.046 ** | 0.427 ** | 0.051 ** | |||
chi-square value | 215.045 *** | 314.759 *** | 215.682 *** | ||||
predictive accuracy | 89.21% | 89.50% | 80.76% |
Explanatory Variable | Frequency of VA | Duration of VA | Frequency of MA | Duration of MA | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | Coefficient | Coefficient | Coefficient | ||
Socio economic attributes | Parents’ education | 0.084 ** | |||
Local Huji | −0.087 ** | ||||
Child gender | −0.089 ** | ||||
AP | |||||
Distance from home to activity location | 0.075 ** | 0.086 ** | 0.116 *** | ||
safety | Traffic volume | ||||
Parking | 0.138 *** | 0.160 *** | |||
Traffic speed | 0.105 ** | ||||
Sidewalk width | 0.195 *** | 0.173 *** | |||
Lighting system | 0.214 *** | 0.219 *** | |||
Turning radius | |||||
Sidewalk continuity | |||||
Social surveillance | |||||
Street Monitoring | |||||
Pavement Evenness | 0.119 ** | ||||
comfort | Recreational facilities | ||||
Size of facilities | 0.139 *** | 0.197 *** | 0.170 *** | ||
Odor and noise | 0.118 ** | ||||
Greening | 0.114 *** | 0.149 *** | |||
Streetscape | |||||
interest | Commercial richness | 0.097 ** | 0.134 *** | 0.156 *** | |
Children’s play space | |||||
Facade color matching | |||||
Spatial intelligibility | |||||
Fun guide logo | 0.221 *** | 0.181 *** | |||
convenience | Public transportation | ||||
Recreation space | 0.172 *** | 0.117 ** | 0.217 *** | ||
Daily activity space | |||||
R2 | 0.615 | 0.555 | 0.406 | 0.351 | |
F | F = 59.293 | F = 51.987 | F = 38.289 | F = 36.466 | |
D-W value | 1.707 | 1.850 | 1.904 | 1.875 |
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Zhang, Z.; Zhai, B.; Hou, S.; Liu, S. Health Perspectives on the Impact of Historic Neighborhood Street Environments on Children’s Activities. Sustainability 2024, 16, 7345. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177345
Zhang Z, Zhai B, Hou S, Liu S. Health Perspectives on the Impact of Historic Neighborhood Street Environments on Children’s Activities. Sustainability. 2024; 16(17):7345. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177345
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Zhanhao, Baoxin Zhai, Shangna Hou, and Sitong Liu. 2024. "Health Perspectives on the Impact of Historic Neighborhood Street Environments on Children’s Activities" Sustainability 16, no. 17: 7345. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177345