Sustainable Well-Being and Sustainable Consumption and Production: An Efficiency Analysis of Sustainable Development Goal 12
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Methodology
4. Data
5. Results
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Target | Indicators |
---|---|
12.2.1 | Material footprint |
12.2.2 | Domestic material consumption |
12.4.2 | Hazardous waste generated |
12.5.1 | Municipal waste recovered (composting and recycling) |
12.6.1 | Number of companies publishing sustainability reports |
12.7.1 | Sustainable public procurement policies and action plans |
12.8.1 (1) | Extent to which global citizenship education and education for sustainable development are mainstreamed in curricula |
12.8.1 (2) | Extent to which global citizenship education and education for sustainable development are mainstreamed in teacher education |
12.8.1 (3) | Extent to which global citizenship education and education for sustainable development are mainstreamed in national education policies |
12.b | Implementation of standard accounting tools to monitor the economic and environmental aspects of tourism sustainability |
12.c | Amount of fossil-fuel subsidies (production and consumption) per unit of GDP |
Mean | St. Dev. | Skewness | Kurtosis | Min | Max | Target | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Input | 12.2.1 Material footprint | 0.07 | 0.20 | 3.22 | 10.41 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
12.4.2 Hazardous waste per capita | 2132.35 | 10,580.43 | 7.17 | 52.11 | 2.78 | 78,514.69 | 32.05 | |
Output | 12.2.2 Domestic material consumption | 19.59 | 10.80 | 1.88 | 3.78 | 7.95 | 56.69 | 32.31 |
12.5.1 Municipal waste recovered | 5594.09 | 13,168.89 | 4.65 | 25.21 | 0.10 | 85257 | 14173 | |
12.6.1 Number of companies publishing sustainability reports | 105.07 | 207.28 | 3.75 | 15.50 | 1 | 1169 | 252 | |
12.7.1 Sustainable public procurement policies and action plans | 2.30 | 0.71 | −0.19 | −0.50 | 1 | 4 | 3 | |
12.8.1 (1) Global citizenship education and education for sustainable development in curricula | 0.75 | 0.18 | −1.33 | 1.32 | 0.24 | 0.99 | 0.92 | |
12.8.1 (2) Global citizenship education and education for sustainable development in teacher education | 0.75 | 0.19 | −0.89 | 0.04 | 0.20 | 1 | 0.95 | |
12.8.1 (3) Global citizenship education and education for sustainable development in national education policies | 0.80 | 0.20 | −0.85 | −0.48 | 0.35 | 1 | 1 |
Country | 12.2.1 Material Footprint | 12.2.2 Domestic Material Consumption | 12.4.2 Hazardous Waste per Capita | 12.5.1 Municipal Waste Recovered | 12.6.1 Number of Companies Publishing Sustainability Reports | 12.7.1 Sustainable Public Procurement Policies and Action Plans |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Argentina | 0.000 | 1.416 | 0.001 | 0.995 | 1.095 | 1.407 |
Australia | 0.0001 | 0.000 | 0.066 | 0.689 | 0.048 | 0.000 |
Austria | 0.000 | 1.488 | 0.011 | 0.727 | 1.052 | 0.000 |
Belgium | 1.9975 | 1.368 | 0.029 | 0.750 | 1.018 | 0.000 |
Bulgaria | 0.000 | 1.187 | 0.186 | 1.001 | 1.139 | 0.000 |
Canada | 0.0068 | 0.000 | 0.032 | 0.324 | 0.072 | 1.407 |
Chile | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.056 | 1.073 | 1.061 | 1.407 |
China | 0.000 | 0.882 | 0.002 | 1.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Colombia | 2.3690 | 2.254 | 0.332 | 1.065 | 1.148 | 1.407 |
Costa Rica | 0.000 | 1.969 | 0.086 | 1.069 | 1.139 | 0.000 |
Croatia | 0.000 | 2.082 | 0.001 | 1.038 | 1.090 | 0.000 |
Cyprus | 0.000 | 0.329 | 0.001 | 1.037 | 1.158 | 1.407 |
Denmark | 0.000 | 1.135 | 0.019 | 0.914 | 0.936 | 1.407 |
Estonia | 0.000 | 0.382 | 0.110 | 1.065 | 1.114 | 1.407 |
Finland | 0.000 | 0.067 | 0.053 | 0.968 | 0.902 | 0.000 |
France | 0.000 | 1.879 | 0.013 | 0.000 | 0.492 | 0.000 |
Germany | 0.000 | 1.611 | 0.024 | 0.000 | 0.275 | 1.407 |
Greece | 0.0001 | 1.902 | 0.002 | 0.987 | 1.153 | 1.407 |
Hungary | 0.0077 | 1.483 | 0.002 | 0.981 | 1.187 | 1.407 |
Iceland | 0.000 | 0.566 | 0.008 | 1.072 | 1.177 | 0.000 |
Ireland | 0.000 | 0.692 | 0.014 | 0.978 | 1.037 | 0.000 |
Israel | 0.0136 | 0.867 | 0.143 | 0.981 | 1.177 | 1.407 |
Italy | 0.000 | 2.220 | 0.013 | 0.000 | 0.762 | 0.000 |
Japan | 0.000 | 2.150 | 0.216 | 0.444 | 0.000 | 1.407 |
Latvia | 0.000 | 1.684 | 0.004 | 1.049 | 1.129 | 0.000 |
Lithuania | 0.000 | 1.470 | 0.006 | 1.030 | 1.110 | 0.000 |
Luxembourg | 0.0145 | 0.987 | 0.034 | 1.056 | 1.100 | 0.000 |
Malaysia | 0.000 | 1.034 | 0.009 | 1.062 | 0.000 | 1.407 |
Malta | 0.0093 | 1.887 | 0.005 | 1.052 | 1.192 | 0.000 |
Mexico | 0.000 | 1.922 | 0.657 | 0.895 | 0.950 | 1.407 |
Moldova | 0.000 | 2.106 | 0.003 | 1.074 | 1.153 | 2.815 |
Mongolia | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.006 | 1.075 | 1.211 | 2.815 |
Netherlands | 0.000 | 1.652 | 0.024 | 0.674 | 0.921 | 0.000 |
New Zealand | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.620 | 0.053 | 0.999 | 1.407 |
Norway | 0.000 | 0.593 | 0.030 | 0.976 | 0.888 | 1.407 |
Peru | 0.000 | 1.119 | 0.003 | 1.072 | 1.134 | 1.407 |
Philippines | 0.000 | 2.230 | 0.001 | 1.073 | 1.071 | 1.407 |
Poland | 3.4990 | 1.375 | 0.003 | 0.691 | 1.071 | 0.000 |
Portugal | 0.000 | 1.455 | 0.006 | 0.969 | 1.168 | 0.000 |
Romania | 0.0161 | 1.663 | 0.001 | 1.026 | 1.182 | 2.815 |
Russia | 0.000 | 1.583 | 0.074 | 1.065 | 1.134 | 1.407 |
Serbia | 0.000 | 1.417 | 0.143 | 1.057 | 1.163 | 1.407 |
Singapore | 0.0002 | 1.080 | 0.003 | 1.064 | 0.811 | 2.815 |
Slovak Republic | 0.0001 | 1.853 | 0.005 | 0.988 | 1.100 | 1.407 |
Slovenia | 2.7297 | 1.752 | 0.003 | 1.030 | 1.201 | 0.000 |
South Africa | 2.2888 | 1.835 | 0.084 | 0.000 | 0.700 | 1.407 |
Spain | 0.0326 | 2.134 | 0.004 | 0.399 | 0.912 | 2.815 |
Sweden | 0.0139 | 0.933 | 0.069 | 0.947 | 0.169 | 1.407 |
Switzerland | 0.000 | 1.971 | 0.028 | 0.832 | 0.589 | 0.000 |
Turkey | 0.000 | 0.945 | 0.031 | 0.753 | 0.844 | 2.815 |
Ukraine | 0.000 | 1.792 | 0.002 | 1.076 | 1.206 | 2.815 |
The United Kingdom | 0.000 | 1.940 | 0.006 | 0.063 | 0.000 | 1.407 |
The United States | 5.0492 | 0.834 | 7.418 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Uruguay | 0.000 | 1.293 | 0.037 | 0.675 | 1.206 | 1.407 |
Country | 12.8.1 Curricula | 12.8.1 2 Teacher Education | 12.8.1 3 National Education Policies | 12.b Tools to Monitor Tourism Sustainability | 12.c Fossil-Fuel Subsidies |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Argentina | 1.574 | 1.861 | 1.910 | 0.845 | 0.000 |
Australia | 0.562 | 0.362 | 0.539 | 0.000 | 1.040 |
Austria | 0.787 | 1.292 | 0.833 | 0.282 | 1.612 |
Belgium | 0.225 | 0.775 | 0.245 | 0.282 | 0.918 |
Bulgaria | 1.518 | 1.137 | 2.155 | 1.971 | 0.000 |
Canada | 0.787 | 1.292 | 0.588 | 0.845 | 1.680 |
Chile | 0.225 | 0.444 | 0.686 | 1.126 | 0.986 |
China | 1.630 | 1.447 | 1.763 | 2.534 | 1.720 |
Colombia | 0.225 | 0.517 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.252 |
Costa Rica | 0.956 | 1.085 | 1.176 | 2.534 | 1.761 |
Croatia | 3.823 | 3.049 | 2.890 | 1.408 | 1.040 |
Cyprus | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.971 | 1.571 |
Denmark | 1.349 | 0.930 | 1.225 | 0.000 | 1.340 |
Estonia | 0.506 | 0.000 | 0.588 | 1.971 | 1.734 |
Finland | 0.618 | 0.517 | 0.588 | 0.563 | 1.136 |
France | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2.534 | 1.408 |
Germany | 0.112 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.971 | 1.639 |
Greece | 3.429 | 2.222 | 2.155 | 1.971 | 0.496 |
Hungary | 0.337 | 0.103 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.720 |
Iceland | 0.169 | 0.207 | 0.245 | 0.282 | 1.938 |
Ireland | 0.618 | 0.517 | 0.588 | 1.408 | 1.924 |
Israel | 0.899 | 1.292 | 1.225 | 2.252 | 1.503 |
Italy | 0.225 | 0.775 | 0.588 | 1.971 | 1.027 |
Japan | 0.506 | 1.757 | 1.078 | 2.534 | 1.843 |
Latvia | 0.337 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.971 | 1.122 |
Lithuania | 0.394 | 0.258 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.496 |
Luxembourg | 1.012 | 1.189 | 1.029 | 0.000 | 1.938 |
Malaysia | 0.225 | 0.258 | 0.588 | 0.563 | 0.782 |
Malta | 1.124 | 0.258 | 0.784 | 1.971 | 1.938 |
Mexico | 0.843 | 0.775 | 1.225 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Moldova | 0.899 | 1.034 | 0.686 | 2.534 | 0.891 |
Mongolia | 0.956 | 0.517 | 0.588 | 2.534 | 1.748 |
Netherlands | 0.112 | 0.724 | 0.882 | 0.845 | 1.707 |
New Zealand | 1.911 | 1.809 | 3.184 | 1.126 | 1.924 |
Norway | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.049 | 1.971 | 1.816 |
Peru | 0.618 | 3.876 | 0.000 | 2.534 | 1.829 |
Philippines | 2.867 | 2.584 | 2.939 | 0.000 | 1.924 |
Poland | 0.675 | 0.258 | 0.000 | 2.534 | 1.938 |
Portugal | 2.642 | 2.016 | 1.910 | 1.408 | 1.530 |
Romania | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.282 | 1.448 |
Russia | 0.675 | 0.258 | 0.000 | 2.252 | 0.000 |
Serbia | 3.766 | 3.153 | 2.988 | 1.971 | 1.000 |
Singapore | 0.787 | 1.602 | 1.420 | 2.534 | 1.938 |
Slovak Republic | 1.574 | 1.861 | 2.400 | 0.000 | 1.924 |
Slovenia | 0.000 | 0.517 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.598 |
South Africa | 1.518 | 2.222 | 2.498 | 0.563 | 0.551 |
Spain | 0.056 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.126 | 1.748 |
Sweden | 0.675 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.282 | 1.299 |
Switzerland | 1.124 | 1.344 | 0.980 | 1.971 | 1.639 |
Turkey | 0.225 | 0.258 | 0.000 | 2.252 | 1.448 |
Ukraine | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2.534 | 0.000 |
United Kingdom | 1.855 | 2.429 | 2.890 | 0.563 | 1.938 |
United States | 2.249 | 2.636 | 1.910 | 2.252 | 1.870 |
Uruguay | 2.979 | 2.998 | 3.086 | 1.126 | 1.938 |
Country | Efficiency Score | Presence of Slacks | 12.2.1 Material Footprint | 12.4.2 Hazardous Waste per Capita | 12.2.2 Domestic Material Consumption |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Argentina | 0.749 | TRUE | 0.005 | 0.057 | 0.000 |
Australia | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Austria | 0.931 | TRUE | 0.565 | 0.147 | 0.000 |
Belgium | 0.992 | TRUE | 0.000 | 0.026 | 0.000 |
Bulgaria | 1.000 | TRUE | 0.160 | 0.022 | 0.480 |
Canada | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Chile | 1.000 | TRUE | 0.000 | 0.480 | 0.360 |
China | 0.996 | TRUE | 0.723 | 0.723 | 0.000 |
Colombia | 1.000 | TRUE | 0.824 | 0.614 | 0.000 |
Costa Rica | 0.852 | TRUE | 0.347 | 0.337 | 0.089 |
Croatia | 0.814 | TRUE | 0.457 | 0.458 | 0.195 |
Cyprus | 1.000 | TRUE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Denmark | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Estonia | 0.910 | TRUE | 0.014 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Finland | 0.966 | TRUE | 0.070 | 0.069 | 0.000 |
France | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Germany | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Greece | 0.455 | TRUE | 0.198 | 0.209 | 0.057 |
Hungary | 0.982 | TRUE | 0.300 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Iceland | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Ireland | 0.943 | TRUE | 0.122 | 0.124 | 0.000 |
Israel | 0.699 | TRUE | 0.014 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Italy | 0.936 | TRUE | 0.138 | 0.139 | 0.135 |
Japan | 0.808 | TRUE | 0.298 | 0.270 | 0.123 |
Latvia | 0.981 | TRUE | 0.038 | 0.040 | 0.000 |
Lithuania | 1.000 | TRUE | 0.010 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Luxembourg | 0.974 | TRUE | 0.411 | 0.051 | 0.000 |
Malaysia | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Malta | 0.900 | TRUE | 0.328 | 0.222 | 0.050 |
Mexico | 0.840 | TRUE | 0.270 | 0.601 | 0.523 |
Moldova | 0.742 | TRUE | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.049 |
Mongolia | 0.930 | TRUE | 0.000 | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Netherlands | 0.931 | TRUE | 0.476 | 0.146 | 0.000 |
New Zealand | 0.716 | TRUE | 0.156 | 0.079 | 0.000 |
Norway | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Peru | 0.627 | TRUE | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Philippines | 0.833 | TRUE | 0.228 | 0.013 | 0.151 |
Poland | 1.000 | TRUE | 0.125 | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Portugal | 0.794 | TRUE | 0.625 | 0.519 | 0.012 |
Romania | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Russia | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Serbia | 0.435 | TRUE | 0.300 | 0.291 | 0.000 |
Singapore | 0.654 | TRUE | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Slovak Republic | 0.833 | TRUE | 0.210 | 0.011 | 0.060 |
Slovenia | 1.000 | TRUE | 0.104 | 0.003 | 0.135 |
South Africa | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Spain | 0.958 | TRUE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.093 |
Sweden | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Switzerland | 0.853 | TRUE | 0.445 | 0.342 | 0.096 |
Turkey | 0.947 | TRUE | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Ukraine | 1.000 | TRUE | 0.104 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
The United Kingdom | 0.992 | TRUE | 0.394 | 0.395 | 0.204 |
The United States | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Uruguay | 0.547 | TRUE | 0.234 | 0.081 | 0.000 |
Country | Efficiency Score | Presence of Slacks | 12.5.1 Municipal Waste Recovered | 12.6.1 Number of Companies Publishing Sustainability Reports | 12.7.1 Sustainable Public Procurement Policies and Action Plans |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Argentina | 0.749 | TRUE | 0.015 | 0.047 | 0.035 |
Australia | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Austria | 0.931 | TRUE | 0.099 | 0.133 | 0.000 |
Belgium | 0.992 | TRUE | 0.000 | 0.025 | 0.000 |
Bulgaria | 1.000 | TRUE | 0.210 | 0.380 | 0.054 |
Canada | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Chile | 1.000 | TRUE | 0.190 | 0.009 | 0.000 |
China | 0.996 | TRUE | 0.749 | 0.000 | 0.238 |
Colombia | 1.000 | TRUE | 0.235 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Costa Rica | 0.852 | TRUE | 0.461 | 0.416 | 0.000 |
Croatia | 0.814 | TRUE | 0.454 | 0.440 | 0.000 |
Cyprus | 1.000 | TRUE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Denmark | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Estonia | 0.910 | TRUE | 0.029 | 0.015 | 0.000 |
Finland | 0.966 | TRUE | 0.113 | 0.158 | 0.000 |
France | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Germany | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Greece | 0.455 | TRUE | 0.175 | 0.188 | 0.000 |
Hungary | 0.982 | TRUE | 0.000 | 0.019 | 0.096 |
Iceland | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Ireland | 0.943 | TRUE | 0.199 | 0.216 | 0.000 |
Israel | 0.699 | TRUE | 0.069 | 0.070 | 0.000 |
Italy | 0.936 | TRUE | 0.059 | 0.133 | 0.000 |
Japan | 0.808 | TRUE | 0.301 | 0.000 | 0.354 |
Latvia | 0.981 | TRUE | 0.164 | 0.124 | 0.000 |
Lithuania | 1.000 | TRUE | 0.089 | 0.059 | 0.000 |
Luxembourg | 0.974 | TRUE | 0.072 | 0.092 | 0.000 |
Malaysia | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Malta | 0.900 | TRUE | 0.321 | 0.292 | 0.000 |
Mexico | 0.840 | TRUE | 0.891 | 0.400 | 0.200 |
Moldova | 0.742 | TRUE | 0.082 | 0.046 | 0.313 |
Mongolia | 0.930 | TRUE | 0.001 | 0.026 | 0.333 |
Netherlands | 0.931 | TRUE | 0.124 | 0.122 | 0.000 |
New Zealand | 0.716 | TRUE | 0.000 | 0.276 | 0.168 |
Norway | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Peru | 0.627 | TRUE | 0.104 | 0.064 | 0.000 |
Philippines | 0.833 | TRUE | 0.015 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Poland | 1.000 | TRUE | 0.016 | 0.130 | 0.076 |
Portugal | 0.794 | TRUE | 0.502 | 0.515 | 0.000 |
Romania | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Russia | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Serbia | 0.435 | TRUE | 0.319 | 0.360 | 0.000 |
Singapore | 0.654 | TRUE | 0.111 | 0.000 | 0.574 |
Slovak Republic | 0.833 | TRUE | 0.000 | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Slovenia | 1.000 | TRUE | 0.000 | 0.066 | 0.514 |
South Africa | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Spain | 0.958 | TRUE | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.215 |
Sweden | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Switzerland | 0.853 | TRUE | 0.382 | 0.274 | 0.000 |
Turkey | 0.947 | TRUE | 0.035 | 0.000 | 0.486 |
Ukraine | 1.000 | TRUE | 0.000 | 0.013 | 0.397 |
The United Kingdom | 0.992 | TRUE | 0.252 | 0.000 | 0.260 |
The United States | 1.000 | FALSE | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Uruguay | 0.547 | TRUE | 0.000 | 0.172 | 0.000 |
Country | Efficiency Score | 12.8.1 Global Citizen Education and Education for Sustainable Development Mainstreamed in Educational System | 12.b Tools to Monitor Tourism Sustainability | 12.c Fossil-Fuel Subsidies |
---|---|---|---|---|
Argentina | 0.749 | 0.046 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Australia | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Austria | 0.931 | 0.077 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Belgium | 0.992 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Bulgaria | 1.000 | 0.470 | 0.880 | 0.260 |
Canada | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Chile | 1.000 | 0.320 | 0.060 | 0.008 |
China | 0.996 | 0.000 | 0.138 | 0.002 |
Colombia | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.719 | 0.000 |
Costa Rica | 0.852 | 0.000 | 0.032 | 0.027 |
Croatia | 0.814 | 0.507 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Cyprus | 1.000 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Denmark | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Estonia | 0.910 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.035 |
Finland | 0.966 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
France | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Germany | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Greece | 0.455 | 0.025 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Hungary | 0.982 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.037 |
Iceland | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Ireland | 0.943 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.088 |
Israel | 0.699 | 0.000 | 0.057 | 0.000 |
Italy | 0.936 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Japan | 0.808 | 0.000 | 0.027 | 0.045 |
Latvia | 0.981 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Lithuania | 1.000 | 0.084 | 0.221 | 0.023 |
Luxembourg | 0.974 | 0.173 | 0.000 | 0.079 |
Malaysia | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Malta | 0.900 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.064 |
Mexico | 0.84 | 0.030 | 0.049 | 0.62 |
Moldova | 0.742 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Mongolia | 0.930 | 0.000 | 0.444 | 0.119 |
Netherlands | 0.931 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.013 |
New Zealand | 0.716 | 0.277 | 0.000 | 0.096 |
Norway | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Peru | 0.627 | 0.000 | 0.167 | 0.081 |
Philippines | 0.833 | 0.510 | 0.000 | 0.133 |
Poland | 1.000 | 0.909 | 0.769 | 0.076 |
Portugal | 0.794 | 0.145 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Romania | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Russia | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Serbia | 0.435 | 0.405 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Singapore | 0.654 | 0.000 | 0.223 | 0.114 |
Slovak Republic | 0.833 | 0.240 | 0.000 | 0.126 |
Slovenia | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.052 |
South Africa | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Spain | 0.958 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.045 |
Sweden | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Switzerland | 0.853 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Turkey | 0.947 | 0.000 | 0.022 | 0.000 |
Ukraine | 1.000 | 0.037 | 0.417 | 0.000 |
The United Kingdom | 0.992 | 0.222 | 0.000 | 0.064 |
The United States | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Uruguay | 0.547 | 0.491 | 0.000 | 0.098 |
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Castellano, R.; De Bernardo, G.; Punzo, G. Sustainable Well-Being and Sustainable Consumption and Production: An Efficiency Analysis of Sustainable Development Goal 12. Sustainability 2024, 16, 7535. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177535
Castellano R, De Bernardo G, Punzo G. Sustainable Well-Being and Sustainable Consumption and Production: An Efficiency Analysis of Sustainable Development Goal 12. Sustainability. 2024; 16(17):7535. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177535
Chicago/Turabian StyleCastellano, Rosalia, Gabriella De Bernardo, and Gennaro Punzo. 2024. "Sustainable Well-Being and Sustainable Consumption and Production: An Efficiency Analysis of Sustainable Development Goal 12" Sustainability 16, no. 17: 7535. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177535