The Sustainable Remediation of Antimony(III)-Contaminated Water Using Iron and Manganese-Modified Graphene Oxide–Chitosan Composites: A Comparative Study of Kinetic and Isotherm Models
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Preparation
2.2. Batch Adsorption Experiments
2.3. Analytical Techniques
3. Results
3.1. Sb(III) Removal by Different MnOx Decorated Fe-GOCS
3.2. Molar Ratio of Fe/Mn
3.3. Characterization
3.3.1. XRD
3.3.2. FTIR
3.3.3. SEM
3.3.4. XPS
3.4. Influencing Factors
3.4.1. Effect of Initial Sb(III) Concentration
3.4.2. Effect of pH
3.4.3. Effect of m/v
3.4.4. Effect of Adsorption Time
3.4.5. Effect of Coexisting Ions
3.5. Adsorption Kinetic Characteristics
3.5.1. Pseudo-First-Order and Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Models
3.5.2. Elovich Model
3.5.3. Weber–Morris Intra-Particle Diffusion Model
3.5.4. Boyd Model
3.6. Adsorption Isotherm Model
3.6.1. Langmuir Model and Freundlich Model
3.6.2. Sips Model
3.6.3. Dubinin–Radushkevich Model
3.6.4. Temkin Model
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Temperature °C | Pseudo-First-Order | Pseudo-Second-Order | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Qe (mg/g) | k1 | R2 | Qe (mg/g) | k2 | R2 | |
25 | 3.17 | 1.92 × 10−3 | 0.9839 | 4.40 | 1.48 × 10−3 | 0.9958 |
Temperature °C | Elovich Model | ||
---|---|---|---|
α | ꞵ | R2 | |
25 | 0.10 | 1.43 | 0.9481 |
Temperature °C | Weber-Morris Model of Intragranular Diffusion | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K1p | C1 (mg/g) | R2 | K2p | C2 (mg/g) | R2 | K3p | C3 (mg/g) | R2 | |
25 | 0.10 | 0.65 | 0.9789 | 4.88 × 10−2 | 2.14 | 0.91 | 3.39 × 10−3 | 4.02 | 0.8691 |
Temperature °C | Boyd Dynamic Model Parameters | ||
---|---|---|---|
Slope | Intercept | R2 | |
25 | 10−3 | −0.21 | 0.98392 |
Adsorption Isotherm Model | 25 °C | 35 °C | 45 °C | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Langmuir model | Qm (mg/g) | 57.69 | 79.36 | 81.35 |
KL | 5.19 × 10−3 | 1.52 × 10−2 | 3.55 × 10−2 | |
R2 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.96 | |
Freundlich model | KF | 1.17 | 7.47 | 9.29 |
1/n | 0.66 | 0.36 | 0.39 | |
R2 | 0.9884 | 0.9416 | 0.8563 | |
Sips model | Qm (mg/g) | 80.09 | 58.26 | 72.20 |
Ks | 4.34 × 10−3 | 4.10 × 10−2 | 0.97 | |
n | 0.96 | 1.48 | 14.07 | |
R2 | 0.9968 | 0.9682 | 0.9832 | |
Dubinin–Radushkevich model | Qm (mg/g) | 38.76 | 43.68 | 62.11 |
K | 2586.49 | 323.46 | 174.94 | |
E (kJ/mol) | 1.39 × 10−2 | 3.93 × 10−2 | 5.34 × 10−2 | |
R2 | 0.8856 | 0.8899 | 0.9458 | |
Temkin model | AT (L/mg) | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.38 |
B1 (J/mol) | 9.91 | 11.84 | 16.54 | |
R2 | 0.8841 | 0.9447 | 0.9545 |
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Mo, H.; Shan, H.; Xu, Y.; Liao, H.; Lu, M.; Peng, S.; Zhao, Y. The Sustainable Remediation of Antimony(III)-Contaminated Water Using Iron and Manganese-Modified Graphene Oxide–Chitosan Composites: A Comparative Study of Kinetic and Isotherm Models. Sustainability 2024, 16, 7599. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177599
Mo H, Shan H, Xu Y, Liao H, Lu M, Peng S, Zhao Y. The Sustainable Remediation of Antimony(III)-Contaminated Water Using Iron and Manganese-Modified Graphene Oxide–Chitosan Composites: A Comparative Study of Kinetic and Isotherm Models. Sustainability. 2024; 16(17):7599. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177599
Chicago/Turabian StyleMo, Huinan, Huimei Shan, Yuqiao Xu, Haimin Liao, Meiyuan Lu, Sanxi Peng, and Yuqing Zhao. 2024. "The Sustainable Remediation of Antimony(III)-Contaminated Water Using Iron and Manganese-Modified Graphene Oxide–Chitosan Composites: A Comparative Study of Kinetic and Isotherm Models" Sustainability 16, no. 17: 7599. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177599