Perceived and Physical Quality of Drinking Water in Pavlodar and Akmola Rural Regions of Kazakhstan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Area
Name of Village | Population 1 | Geographical and Administrative Location |
---|---|---|
Gosplemstancya | 1308 | Part of the Michurinsky rural district |
Chernoyarka | 653 | It is part of the Chernoyarsk rural district. |
Naberezhnoe | 1552 | Administrative center of the Grigorievsky rural district. |
Zhanatan | 352 | Part of the Zhambyl rural district |
Zhertumsyk | 234 | It is part of the Zarinsky rural district. |
Birlik | 426 | Located approximately 38 km north of the district center, the village of Bayanaul. |
Koryakovka | 176 | Approximately 17 km northeast of Pavlodar on the shore of the Koryakovka Lake. |
Shakat | 774 | Administrative center of the Shakatsky rural district. |
Efremovka | 1090 | Administrative center of the Efremovsky rural district. |
Shoptykol | 187 | 60 km north of Bayanaul and 160 km northwest of Pavlodar. |
Birsuat | 3058 | The village is located near the lake, in the central part of the region, at approximately 18 km (as the crow flies) southeast of the administrative center of the region—the city of Stepnyak. |
2.2. Chemical Analysis of Drinking Water Samples
2.3. WQI Index Calculation
2.4. Statistical Methods
3. Results
3.1. Statistical Data of Residents of Pavlodar and Akmola Regions
3.2. Perceiving Drinking Water Quality
3.3. Hydro–Chemical Parameters of Pavlodar and Akmola Rural Area Drinking Water and Their Correlation with Perceived Quality of Water
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hydro-Chemical Composition | Drinking Water Maximum Permissible Concentration | Hydro-Chemical Composition | Drinking Water Maximum Permissible Concentration |
---|---|---|---|
Chlorides, mg/L | 350 | Dry residue mg/L | 1000 (1500) |
Phosphates, mg/L | 3.5 | pH | 6–9 |
Hydro carbonates | 30–400 | Mineralization, mg/L | 1000 (1500) |
Carbonates, mg/L | Iron, mg/L | 0.3 | |
Nitrates, mg/L | 45 | Carbonates hardness, meq/L | 7 (10) |
Sulfates, mg/L | 500 | Calcium, mg/L | |
Total anions | Magnesium, mg/L | ||
Color, º | 20 (35) | Natrium, mg/L, Kalium, mg/L | 200 |
Manganese, mg/L | 0.1 (0.5) | Total cations |
N | WQI | Status | Possible Usages |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 0–25 | Excellent | Drinking, Irrigation and Industrial |
2 | 26–50 | Good | Domestic, Irrigation and Industrial |
3 | 51–75 | Fair | Irrigation and Industrial |
4 | 76–100 | Poor | Irrigation |
5 | 101–150 | Very Poor | Restricted use for Irrigation |
6 | Above 150 | Unfit for Drinking | Proper treatment required before use |
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Beisenova, R.; Tussupova, K.; Tazitdinova, R.; Tulegenova, S.; Rakhymzhan, Z.; Orkeyeva, A.; Alkhanova, Y.; Myrzagaliyeva, A.; Nugmanov, A.; Zhupysheva, A. Perceived and Physical Quality of Drinking Water in Pavlodar and Akmola Rural Regions of Kazakhstan. Sustainability 2024, 16, 7625. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177625
Beisenova R, Tussupova K, Tazitdinova R, Tulegenova S, Rakhymzhan Z, Orkeyeva A, Alkhanova Y, Myrzagaliyeva A, Nugmanov A, Zhupysheva A. Perceived and Physical Quality of Drinking Water in Pavlodar and Akmola Rural Regions of Kazakhstan. Sustainability. 2024; 16(17):7625. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177625
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeisenova, Raikhan, Kamshat Tussupova, Rumiya Tazitdinova, Symbat Tulegenova, Zhanar Rakhymzhan, Ainur Orkeyeva, Yerkenaz Alkhanova, Anar Myrzagaliyeva, Askar Nugmanov, and Aktoty Zhupysheva. 2024. "Perceived and Physical Quality of Drinking Water in Pavlodar and Akmola Rural Regions of Kazakhstan" Sustainability 16, no. 17: 7625. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177625