Leveraging BIM for Sustainable Construction: Benefits, Barriers, and Best Practices
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Advantages of BIM Utilization
2.1.1. Conservational Aspect
2.1.2. Financial Aspect
2.1.3. Communal Aspect
2.2. Obstacles in the Implementation of BIM
3. Methodology
3.1. Development of Questionnaire
3.2. Distribution of Questionnaire
3.3. Statistical Validity of the Questionnaire
3.3.1. Validity of Advantages from Utilizing BIM Techniques
3.3.2. Validity of Challenges for Integration of BIM Techniques
3.4. Reliability of the Research
3.5. Data Analysis Tests
3.5.1. Relative Importance Index (RII)
3.5.2. One sample t-test
3.5.3. Independent Samples Test
3.5.4. One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
3.5.5. Paired t-Test
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Demographic Information about the Respondents
4.2. Advantages of Utilizing BIM Technologies in Construction for Sustainable Practices
4.2.1. Conservational Aspect
4.2.2. Financial Aspect
4.2.3. Communal Aspect
4.2.4. An Overview of the Benefits of Using BIM Methods in the Building Sector for Sustainable Practices
4.3. Obstacles to the Building Industry’s Adoption of Sustainable Practices Using BIM Methodologies
4.4. Relationship between the General Information of the Study Participants and Their Opinion about the Capabilities (Advantages and Challenges)
4.4.1. Analysis Considering Gender
4.4.2. Analysis Considering Educational Qualifications
4.4.3. Analysis Considering Engineering Specialization
4.4.4. Analysis Considering Position
4.4.5. Analysis Considering Construction Working Experience
4.4.6. Analysis Considering Workplace
5. Conclusions and Recommendations
5.1. Conclusions
5.2. Recommendations
6. Future Research Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Survey Questionnaire
- Gender:
- ○
- Male
- ○
- Female
- ○
- Non-binary
- ○
- Prefer not to say
- Age Group:
- ○
- Under 25
- ○
- 25–34
- ○
- 35–44
- ○
- 45–54
- ○
- 55–64
- ○
- 65 and over
- Highest Level of Education:
- ○
- High School
- ○
- Associate degree
- ○
- Bachelor’s Degree
- ○
- Master’s Degree
- ○
- Doctoral Degree
- ○
- Other: __________
- Years of Experience in the Construction Industry:
- ○
- Less than 1 year
- ○
- 1–3 years
- ○
- 4–6 years
- ○
- 7–10 years
- ○
- More than 10 years
- Current Position:
- ○
- Project Manager
- ○
- Architect
- ○
- Engineer
- ○
- Contractor
- ○
- Consultant
- ○
- Other: __________
- Organization Type:
- ○
- Private Sector
- ○
- Public Sector
- ○
- Non-profit
- ○
- Academic/Research Institution
- ○
- Other: __________
Item | Strongly Disagree | Disagree | Neutral | Agree | Strongly Agree |
B1. Reducing the amount of energy used | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] |
B2. Delivering the best possible assessment of options and possibilities | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] |
B3. Evaluating the capacity for water harvesting | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] |
B5. Improving ventilation effectiveness/improving resource management effectiveness | |||||
B6. Encouraging a decrease in carbon emissions | |||||
B7. Completing a life cycle analysis of thermal buildings | |||||
B8. Tracking the impact on output | |||||
B9. Providing energy and code analysis as well as predictive performance analysis | |||||
B10. Motivating interested parties to understand the benefits of sustainable development | |||||
B11. Encouraging the adoption of green technology that uses less energy | |||||
B12. Presenting options for sustainable design | |||||
B13. Increasing the decrease in material waste | |||||
B14. Encouraging green building design, construction, and management | |||||
B15. Increasing the effectiveness of the design | |||||
B16. Reducing the as-built drawing cost | |||||
B17. Lowering the project’s total expenses | |||||
B18. Increasing the efficiency of building | |||||
B19. Improving the building life cycle management procedures | |||||
B20. Improving overall financial management | |||||
B21. Cutting down on the time it takes to complete a job | |||||
B22. Arranging ahead of time for the required capital, equipment, and supply needs | |||||
B23. Streamlining data flows for the project’s operation | |||||
B24. Investigating energy-efficient renewable energy sources | |||||
B25. Figuring out the best ways to use less energy and resources | |||||
B26. Using economical methods for sustainable design | |||||
B27. Forecasting the use of less energy | |||||
B28. Supplying sound financial and investment options | |||||
B29. Encouraging the execution of price and quantity surveying procedures | |||||
B30. Enhancing the management of quality | |||||
B31. Fostering connections and teamwork among employees to expedite initiatives | |||||
B32. Enhancing the performance of project safety and health | |||||
B33. Lowering hazards and accidents at work | |||||
B34. Extending the life of structures | |||||
B35. Encouraging sustainable systems to run efficiently | |||||
B36. Assisting in the seamless transfer of ideas from design to implementation | |||||
B37. Motivating interested parties to embrace sustainable initiatives | |||||
B38. Assisting with information entry, extraction, sharing, and transformation processes | |||||
B39. Improving project management efficiency | |||||
B40. Enhancing security and safety protocols when building |
Item | Strongly Disagree | Disagree | Neutral | Agree | Strongly Agree |
C1. Lack of a cooperative work atmosphere | |||||
C2. Increased implementation costs | |||||
C3. Lack of qualified workers to carry out BIM projects | |||||
C4. Significant expense of employee training | |||||
C5. High expense of hiring BIM specialists | |||||
C6. The construction industry’s lack of innovation readiness | |||||
C7. The construction industry’s unwillingness to change from using old working techniques | |||||
C8. Recurring requirement for more resources and the resulting high costs | |||||
C9. There is little study on using BIM to develop environmentally friendly buildings | |||||
C10. Lack of clear instructions for applying BIM in environmentally friendly building projects | |||||
C11. BIM users’ little participation in sustainable construction projects | |||||
C12. Absence of a clear protocol for data exchange in operational management | |||||
C13. Senior management’s lack of interest in and support for integrating BIM and sustainability practices | |||||
C14. Absence of a thorough implementation strategy and framework for using BIM in sustainable building | |||||
C15. Variations in sustainability and BIM assessment standards and metrics | |||||
C16. The administration’s unwillingness to embrace the company’s decision to move towards sustainability and BIM implementation |
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Advantages | References |
---|---|
Conservational Aspect | |
Provision of energy and code analysis for predictive performance evaluation | [38] |
Observing the impact on output | [38] |
Reducing the amount of energy used | [40,79] |
Encouraging a decrease in carbon emissions | [40,42,48] |
Improving the efficiency of ventilation | [40] |
Evaluating the capacity for water harvesting | [42] |
Presenting options for sustainable design | [44,80] |
Improving the effectiveness of resource management | [81] |
Completing a life cycle analysis of thermal buildings | [46] |
Completing a life cycle study for lighting buildings | [46] |
Delivering the best possible assessment of options and possibilities | [50] |
Encouraging the adoption of green technology that use less energy | [53] |
Increasing the decrease in material waste | [42,82] |
Promoting the design, construction, and administration of green buildings | [48] |
Motivating interested parties to understand the benefits of sustainable development | [77] |
Financial Aspect | |
Increasing the effectiveness of the design | [55,60] |
Reducing the as-built drawing cost | [65] |
Lowering the project’s total expenses | [55,60,83] |
Increasing the efficiency of building | [56] |
Increasing output | [56,60] |
Improving the building life cycle management processes (design, construction, operation, maintenance, and management) | [56,58] |
Improving overall financial management | [58] |
Reducing the amount of time needed to do a task | [60] |
Arranging ahead of time for the required capital, equipment, and supply needs | [56,58] |
Optimizing data flows for the project’s operation | [21] |
Investigating energy-efficient renewable energy sources | [42] |
Figuring out the best ways to use less energy and resources. | [56,58] |
Using economical methods for sustainable design | [44,69] |
Forecasting the use of less energy | [68,70,71] |
Supplying sound financial and investment options | [80,84] |
Communal Aspect | |
Creating connections and teamwork among employees to expedite initiatives | [55,85] |
Enhancing the performance of project safety and health | [86,87] |
Extending the life of structures | [72,73] |
Assisting in the seamless transfer of ideas from the design to the implementation, post-design, and maintenance stages. | [72,73] |
Motivating interested parties to embrace sustainable initiatives | [21] |
Assisting with the information entry, extraction, sharing, and transformation processes for projects. | [21,76] |
Improving the standard of living for people individually | [74,75] |
Encouraging sustainable systems to run efficiently | [21] |
Enhancing the construction quality monitoring system | [40] |
Keeping track of project issues and difficulties | [40] |
Supplying an all-inclusive database to facilitate the administration of the construction life cycle | [75,76] |
Enhancing the parties’ mutual exchange of functional and tangible information about sustainable initiatives. | [40] |
Assisting in the process of determining decisions | [18] |
Assisting management divisions with maintenance, space planning, and renovations | [88] |
Establishing a competitive edge and improving the reputation of the construction industry | [78,89] |
Challenges | References |
---|---|
Absence of a collaborative work environment | [66,79,92] |
Higher implementation expenses Lack of workers to complete BIM projects | [61,93] |
High cost of employing BIM expertise and significant expenditure of staff training | [93] |
The lack of innovation preparedness in the construction industry | [94] |
Reluctance of the construction industry to abandon outdated methods of operation. Lack of skills, ongoing need for more resources, and the ensuing high costs | [94] |
Research on utilizing BIM to create environmentally friendly structures is scarce. | [91,94] |
Inadequate guidance on using BIM in ecologically friendly construction projects | [21,94,95] |
BIM users’ little engagement in sustainable building projects | [96,97,101,102] |
Insufficiently specified data exchange protocol in operational management | [99] |
insufficient understanding of the steps and techniques required for ecological sustainability and BIM | [100] |
Energy analysis estimations in ecologically friendly structures based on BIM are unreliable. | [103] |
Not enough BIM data structures to properly record sustainability data. | [103] |
Absence of a thorough strategy for implementation and organization | [104] |
Risks associated with uncontrolled BIM technology usage in sustainable construction | [104] |
Improved owings | [70,104,105] |
The absence of enthusiasm and backing from senior management for combining BIM and sustainability practices | [106,112] |
Disparities in BIM evaluation criteria and standards about sustainability | [108] |
Absence of a collaborative work environment | [110] |
Higher implementation expenses. Lack of workers to complete BIM projects | [110] |
High cost of employing BIM expertise and significant expenditure of staff training | [21,95,111] |
The lack of innovation preparedness in the construction industry | [78] |
Advantages | Correlation Coefficient (r) | p-Value |
---|---|---|
Conservational advantages | ||
Providing energy and code analysis as well as predictive performance analysis | 0.624 | <0.001 |
Tracking the impact on output, regulating energy use, and encouraging the decrease of carbon emissions | 0.659 | <0.001 |
Improving the efficiency of ventilation | 0.728 | <0.001 |
Evaluating the capacity for water harvesting | 0.683 | <0.001 |
Presenting options for sustainable design | 0.659 | <0.001 |
Improving the effectiveness of resource management | 0.633 | <0.001 |
Completing a life cycle analysis of thermal buildings | 0.741 | <0.01 |
Completing a life cycle study for lighting buildings | 0.712 | <0.001 |
Delivering the best possible assessment of options and possibilities | 0.656 | <0.001 |
Encouraging the adoption of green technology that use less energy | 0.713 | <0.001 |
Increasing the decrease in material waste | 0.707 | <0.001 |
encouraging green building design, construction, and management | 0.777 | <0.001 |
Motivating interested parties to understand the benefits of sustainable development | 0.732 | <0.001 |
Encouraging green building design, construction, and management | 0.678 | <0.001 |
Providing energy and code analysis as well as predictive performance analysis | 0.653 | <0.001 |
Financial advantages | ||
Increasing the effectiveness of the design | 0.762 | <0.001 |
Reducing the as-built drawing cost | 0.703 | <0.001 |
lowering the project’s total expenses | 0.717 | <0.001 |
Increasing the efficiency of building | 0.694 | <0.001 |
Increasing output | 0.668 | <0.001 |
Improving the building life cycle management processes (design, construction, operation, maintenance, and management) | 0.774 | <0.001 |
Improving overall financial management | 0.743 | <0.001 |
Reducing the amount of time needed to do a task | 0.658 | <0.001 |
Arranging ahead of time for the required capital, equipment, and supply needs | 0.690 | <0.001 |
Streamlining data flows for the project’s operation | 0.758 | <0.001 |
Investigating energy-efficient renewable energy sources | 0.771 | <0.001 |
Figuring out the best ways to use less energy and resources. | 0.739 | <0.001 |
Using economical methods for sustainable design | 0.738 | <0.001 |
Forecasting the use of less energy | 0.723 | <0.001 |
Supplying sound financial and investment options | 0.624 | <0.001 |
Encouraging the execution of price and quantity surveying procedures required for cost estimate | 0.625 | <0.001 |
Enhancing the management of quality | 0.722 | <0.001 |
Communal advantages | ||
Fostering connections and teamwork among employees to expedite initiatives | 0.689 | <0.001 |
Enhancing the performance of project safety and health | 0.717 | <0.001 |
extending the life of structures | 0.642 | <0.001 |
Assisting in the seamless transfer of ideas from the design to the implementation, post-design, and maintenance stages. | 0.687 | <0.001 |
Motivating interested parties to embrace sustainable initiatives | 0.653 | <0.001 |
Assisting with the information entry, extraction, sharing, and transformation processes for projects. | 0.735 | <0.001 |
Improving the standard of living for people individually | 0.700 | <0.001 |
Encouraging sustainable systems to run efficiently | 0.740 | <0.001 |
Enhancing the construction quality monitoring system | 0.730 | <0.001 |
Keeping track of project issues and difficulties | 0.738 | <0.001 |
Supplying an all-inclusive database to facilitate the administration of the construction life cycle | 0.713 | <0.001 |
Enhancing the parties’ mutual exchange of functional and tangible information about sustainable initiatives. | 0.715 | <0.001 |
Assisting in the process of determining decisions | 0.719 | <0.001 |
Assisting management divisions with maintenance, space planning, and renovations | 0.653 | <0.001 |
Establishing a competitive edge and improving the reputation of the construction industry | 0.756 | <0.001 |
Lowering hazards and accidents at work | 0.653 | <0.001 |
Enhancing security and safety protocols when building | 0.614 | <0.001 |
Challenges | Correlation Coefficient (r) | p-Value |
---|---|---|
Absence of a collaborative work environment | 0.662 | <0.001 |
Higher implementation expenses and lack of workers to complete BIM projects | 0.617 | <0.001 |
High cost of employing BIM expertise and significant expenditure of staff training | 0.616 | <0.001 |
The lack of innovation preparedness in the construction industry | 0.665 | <0.001 |
Reluctance of the construction industry to abandon outdated methods of operation and lack of skills, ongoing need for more resources, and the ensuing high costs | 0.638 | <0.001 |
Research on utilizing BIM to create environmentally friendly structures is scarce. | 0.689 | <0.001 |
Inadequate guidance on using BIM in ecologically friendly construction projects | 0.598 | <0.01 |
Low involvement of BIM users in sustainable building projects | 0.596 | <0.001 |
Lack of a defined data sharing mechanism in operational management | 0.564 | <0.001 |
Insufficient understanding of the steps and techniques required for ecological sustainability and BIM | 0.605 | <0.001 |
Energy analysis estimations in ecologically friendly structures based on BIM are unreliable. | 0.707 | <0.001 |
Insufficient BIM data structures to accurately capture sustainability information. | 0.755 | <0.001 |
Lack of a comprehensive plan for execution and structure | 0.738 | <0.001 |
Risks associated with uncontrolled BIM technology usage in sustainable construction | 0.661 | <0.001 |
Improved owings | 0.686 | <0.001 |
The absence of enthusiasm and backing from senior management for combining BIM and sustainability practices | 0.786 | <0.001 |
Disparities in BIM evaluation criteria and standards about sustainability | 0.601 | <0.001 |
Aspect | No. of Items | Cronbach’s Alpha |
---|---|---|
Benefits of using BIM methods in the building sector for sustainable practices | 49 | 0.837 |
Conservational aspect | 15 | 0.802 |
Financial aspect | 17 | 0.825 |
Communal aspect | 17 | 0.798 |
Barriers to the building industry’s adoption of sustainable practices through the incorporation of BIM methodologies | 17 | 0.855 |
All questionnaires | 68 | 0.854 |
No. | Items | Mean | STD | RII | Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
B 13 | Increasing the decrease in material waste | 4.34 | 0.67 | 86.74 | 1 |
B 14 | Encouraging green building design, construction, and management | 4.32 | 0.65 | 86.36 | 2 |
B 5 | Improving ventilation effectiveness and improving resource management effectiveness | 4.31 | 0.65 | 86.29 | 3 |
B 8 | Tracking the impact on output | 4.21 | 0.63 | 84.27 | 4 |
B 2 | Delivering the best possible assessment of options and possibilities | 4.20 | 0.61 | 84.04 | 5 |
B 11 | Motivating interested parties to understand the benefits of sustainable development | 4.19 | 0.72 | 83.82 | 6 |
B 15 | Encouraging the adoption of green technology that use less energy | 4.18 | 0.71 | 83.60 | 7 |
B 12 | Presenting options for sustainable design | 4.17 | 0.67 | 83.40 | 8 |
B 7 | Completing a life cycle analysis of thermal buildings | 4.15 | 0.70 | 82.92 | 9 |
B 9 | Completing a life cycle study for lighting buildings | 4.12 | 0.77 | 82.47 | 10 |
B 10 | Providing energy, code analysis, and predictive performance analysis | 4.08 | 0.73 | 81.57 | 11 |
B 1 | Reducing the amount of energy used | 4.06 | 0.76 | 81.12 | 12 |
B 3 | Evaluating the capacity for water harvesting | 4.02 | 0.74 | 80.45 | 13 |
B 6 | Encouraging a decrease in carbon emissions | 4.00 | 0.71 | 80.00 | 14 |
Total degree for all items | 4.15 | 0.46 | 83.10 | - |
No. | Items | Mean | STD | RII | Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
B 16 | Increasing the effectiveness of the design | 4.42 | 0.64 | 88.31 | 1 |
B 31 | Encouraging the execution of price and quantity and surveying procedures required for cost estimate | 4.39 | 0.70 | 87.87 | 2 |
B 19 | Increasing the efficiency of building | 4.34 | 0.67 | 86.74 | 3 |
B 21 | Improving the building life cycle management procedures (building, managing, operating, maintaining, and designing) | 4.33 | 0.69 | 86.52 | 4 |
B 22 | Improving overall financial management | 4.30 | 0.61 | 86.07 | 5 |
B 23 | Cutting down on the time it takes to complete a job | 4.26 | 0.70 | 85.17 | 6 |
B 20 | Increasing output | 4.25 | 0.70 | 84.94 | 7 |
B 32 | Enhancing the management of quality | 4.24 | 0.60 | 84.72 | 8 |
B 24 | Arranging ahead of time for the required capital, equipment, and supply needs | 4.20 | 0.68 | 84.04 | 9 |
B 18 | Lowering the project’s total expenses | 4.19 | 0.69 | 83.82 | 10 |
B 28 | Using economical methods for sustainable design | 4.16 | 0.69 | 83.15 | 11 |
B 25 | Streamlining data flows for the project’s operation | 4.15 | 0.70 | 82.92 | 12 |
B 27 | Figuring out the best ways to use less energy and resources. | 4.13 | 0.74 | 82.70 | 13 |
B 17 | Reducing the as-built drawing cost | 4.11 | 0.82 | 82.25 | 14 |
B 26 | Investigating energy-efficient renewable energy sources | 4.07 | 0.75 | 81.35 | 15 |
B 29 | Forecasting the use of less energy | 3.99 | 0.82 | 79.78 | 16 |
B 30 | Supplying sound financial and investment options | 3.98 | 0.71 | 79.55 | 17 |
Total degree for all items | 4.21 | 0.49 | 84.11 | - |
No. | Items | Mean | STD | RII | Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
B 43 | Supplying an all-inclusive database to facilitate the administration of the construction life cycle | 4.34 | 0.64 | 86.74 | 1 |
B 38 | Assisting with the information entry, extraction, sharing, and transformation processes for projects. | 4.27 | 0.73 | 85.39 | 2 |
B 36 | Assisting in the seamless transfer of ideas from the design to the implementation, post-design, and maintenance stages. | 4.25 | 0.70 | 84.94 | 3 |
B 49 | Enhancing security and safety protocols when building | 4.21 | 0.70 | 84.27 | 4 |
B 45 | Assisting in the process of determining decisions | 4.19 | 0.65 | 83.82 | 5 |
B 41 | Enhancing the construction quality monitoring system | 4.11 | 0.68 | 82.25 | 6 |
B 42 | Keeping track of project issues and difficulties | 4.08 | 0.68 | 81.57 | 7 |
B 44 | Enhancing the parties’ mutual exchange of functional and tangible information about sustainable initiatives. | 4.08 | 0.68 | 81.57 | 8 |
B 34 | Enhancing the performance of project safety and health | 3.99 | 0.73 | 79.78 | 9 |
B 37 | Motivating interested parties to embrace sustainable initiatives | 3.98 | 0.82 | 79.60 | 10 |
B 46 | Assisting management divisions with maintenance, space planning, and renovations | 3.97 | 0.65 | 79.40 | 11 |
B 40 | Encouraging sustainable systems to run efficiently | 3.96 | 0.71 | 79.10 | 12 |
B 33 | Fostering connections and teamwork among employees to expedite initiatives | 3.90 | 0.94 | 77.98 | 13 |
B 47 | 3.89 | 0.82 | 77.75 | 14 | |
B 48 | Establishing a competitive edge and improving the reputation of the construction industry | 3.88 | 0.81 | 77.53 | 15 |
B 35 | Lowering hazards and accidents at work | 3.84 | 0.78 | 76.85 | 16 |
B 39 | Extending the life of structures | 3.75 | 0.80 | 75.06 | 17 |
Total degree for all items | 4.04 | 0.51 | 80.83 | - |
Advantages | Mean | STD | RII | Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|
Financial aspect | 4.21 | 0.49 | 84.11 | 1 |
Conservational aspect | 4.15 | 0.46 | 83.10 | 2 |
Communal aspect | 4.04 | 0.51 | 80.83 | 3 |
No. | Items | Mean | STD | RII | Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C 3 | Lack of qualified workers to carry out BIM projects | 4.17 | 0.76 | 83.37 | 1 |
C 7 | The construction industry’s unwillingness to change from using old working techniques | 4.08 | 0.71 | 81.57 | 2 |
C 6 | The construction industry’s lack of innovation readiness | 3.97 | 0.83 | 79.33 | 3 |
C 17 | The administration’s unwillingness to embrace the company’s decision to move towards sustainability and BIM implementation. | 3.96 | 0.87 | 79.20 | 4 |
C 10 | Lack of clear instructions for applying BIM in environmentally friendly building projects | 3.88 | 0.88 | 77.53 | 5 |
C 5 | High expense of hiring BIM specialists | 3.87 | 0.94 | 77.30 | 6 |
C 17 | The administration’s unwillingness to embrace the company’s decision to move towards sustainability and BIM implementation. | 3.86 | 0.88 | 77.20 | 7 |
C 1 | Lack of a cooperative work atmosphere | 3.85 | 0.91 | 77.08 | 8 |
C 11 | BIM users’ little participation in sustainable construction projects | 3.84 | 0.78 | 76.85 | 9 |
C 16 | Variations in sustainability and BIM assessment standards and metrics | 3.82 | 0.75 | 76.40 | 10 |
C 15 | Senior management’s lack of interest in and support for integrating BIM and sustainability practices | 3.79 | 0.79 | 75.73 | 11 |
C 14 | Absence of a thorough implementation strategy and framework for using BIM in sustainable building | 3.75 | 0.88 | 75.06 | 12 |
C 2 | Increased implementation costs | 3.60 | 0.82 | 71.91 | 13 |
C 9 | There is little study on using BIM to develop environmentally friendly buildings. | 3.58 | 0.94 | 71.69 | 14 |
C 8 | Recurring requirement for more resources and the resulting high costs | 3.55 | 0.87 | 71.01 | 15 |
C 12 | Absence of a clear protocol for data exchange in operational management | 3.52 | 0.88 | 70.34 | 16 |
C 4 | Significant expense of employee training | 3.44 | 0.84 | 68.76 | 17 |
Total degree for all items | 3.80 | 0.52 | 75.53 | - |
Aspects | t-Test | p-Value (Sig.) | Means | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | |||
Benefits of using BIM methods in the building sector for sustainable practices | 0.388 | 0.699 | 4.14 | 4.09 |
Obstacles to the building industry’s adoption of sustainable practices through the integration of BIM methodologies | 0.376 | 0.708 | 3.78 | 3.72 |
Aspects | F-Test | p-Value (Sig.) |
---|---|---|
Benefits of using BIM methods in the building sector for sustainable practices | 5.729 | 0.005 |
Obstacles to the building industry’s adoption of sustainable practices through the integration of BIM methodologies | 4.986 | 0.009 |
Aspects | F-Test | p-Value (Sig.) |
---|---|---|
Benefits of using BIM methods in the building sector for sustainable practices | 1.271 | 0.288 |
Obstacles to the building industry’s adoption of sustainable practices through the integration of BIM methodologies | 0.716 | 0.583 |
Aspects | F-Test | p-Value (Sig.) |
---|---|---|
Benefits of using BIM methods in the building sector for sustainable practices | 1.277 | 0.287 |
Obstacles to the building industry’s adoption of sustainable practices through the integration of BIM methodologies | 2.624 | 0.056 |
Aspects | F-Test | p-Value (Sig.) |
---|---|---|
Benefits of using BIM methods in the building sector for sustainable practices | 0.076 | 0.926 |
Obstacles to the building industry’s adoption of sustainable practices through the integration of BIM methodologies | 0.770 | 0.466 |
Aspects | F-Test | p-Value(Sig.) |
---|---|---|
Benefits of using BIM methods in the building sector for sustainable practices | 0.652 | 0.627 |
Obstacles to the building industry’s adoption of sustainable practices through the integration of BIM methodologies | 0.577 | 0.680 |
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Cheng, Q.; Tayeh, B.A.; Abu Aisheh, Y.I.; Alaloul, W.S.; Aldahdooh, Z.A. Leveraging BIM for Sustainable Construction: Benefits, Barriers, and Best Practices. Sustainability 2024, 16, 7654. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177654
Cheng Q, Tayeh BA, Abu Aisheh YI, Alaloul WS, Aldahdooh ZA. Leveraging BIM for Sustainable Construction: Benefits, Barriers, and Best Practices. Sustainability. 2024; 16(17):7654. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177654
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheng, Qiuli, Bassam A. Tayeh, Yazan I. Abu Aisheh, Wesam Salah Alaloul, and Ziad A. Aldahdooh. 2024. "Leveraging BIM for Sustainable Construction: Benefits, Barriers, and Best Practices" Sustainability 16, no. 17: 7654. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177654