Are Magnesium Alloys Applied in Cars Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly? A Critical Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Beams | Oil pan |
Console | Pedal bracket |
Control box | Roof |
Doors | Seals |
Engine | Seats |
Frames | Steering column and armature |
Hood | Transmission case |
Liftgate | Wheels |
2. Methods
3. Are Current Mg Alloys Applied in Cars Sustainable?
Interventions to be considered in comprehensive environmental life cycle assessment of magnesium alloys applied in cars |
|
4. Are Current Magnesium Alloys in Cars Environment Friendly, Ecofriendly or Green?
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- Notwithstanding the use of lightweighting materials, the overall weight of cars tends to increase.
- -
- If compared with ICEV, environmental benefits in the use stage tend to be reduced in battery electric cars.
- -
- When there are energy efficiency gains in the use stage, there are rebound effects.
5. Reducing the Life Cycle Environmental Burden of Magnesium Alloys
6. Conclusions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Environmental Matter for Which a Planetary Boundary Has Been Proposed | Current Relation between Proposed Planetary Environmental Burden and Boundary |
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Flows impacting phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) cycles. | Flows for P and N compounds transgress the planetary boundary. |
Biosphere integrity. | Human appropriation and reduction in net primary production (of biomass) transgress the planetary boundary. |
Climate change by greenhouse gasses. | Radiative forcing at top-of-atmosphere exceeds the planetary boundary. |
Fresh water consumption. | The planetary boundary is currently above actual consumption. |
Land system change: amount of forested land remaining. | Current land system change transgresses the planetary boundary. |
Novel entities: percentage of hazardous man-made chemicals, released without adequate safety testing. | The percentage of hazardous man-made chemicals without adequate safety testing presumably transgresses the planetary boundary. |
Ocean acidification. | Current ocean acidification is below the planetary boundary. |
Ozone layer depletion. | Current ozone layer depletion is less than the planetary boundary. |
Interventions Linked to Magnesium Alloy Life Cycles That Contribute to the Transgression of Planetary Boundaries | Interventions Linked to Magnesium Alloy Life Cycles That Negatively Affect Natural Capital for Transfer to Future Generations |
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Reijnders, L. Are Magnesium Alloys Applied in Cars Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly? A Critical Review. Sustainability 2024, 16, 7799. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177799
Reijnders L. Are Magnesium Alloys Applied in Cars Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly? A Critical Review. Sustainability. 2024; 16(17):7799. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177799
Chicago/Turabian StyleReijnders, Lucas. 2024. "Are Magnesium Alloys Applied in Cars Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly? A Critical Review" Sustainability 16, no. 17: 7799. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177799