Caffeinating Entrepreneurship: Understating the Factors Driving Coffee Farming Entrepreneurial Intentions among Potential Entrepreneurs
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Background
3. Literature Review and Hypotheses Development
3.1. Access to Finance and Coffee Farming Entrepreneurial Intention
3.2. Structural and Institutional Support and Coffee Farming Entrepreneurial Intention
3.3. Physical Infrastructure Support and Coffee Farming Entrepreneurial Intention
3.4. Social Influence and Coffee Farming Entrepreneurial Intention
3.5. Education, Training and Coffee Farming Entrepreneurial Intention
4. Conceptual Model
5. Research Methodology
5.1. Research Design and Data Collection
5.2. Measures of the Study
6. Findings and Analysis
6.1. Findings Related to Demographic Information
6.2. Findings Related to Data Analysis
6.3. Analysis Related to the Measurement Model of the Study
6.4. Analysis Related to the Structural Model
7. Discussion
8. Conclusions
9. Implications
9.1. Theoretical Implications
9.2. Practical Implications
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Social Influence | ||
SIF1 | In my country, the creation of new ventures is considered an appropriate way to become rich. | [5] |
SIF2 | In my country, most people consider becoming an entrepreneur as a desirable career choice. | |
SIF3 | In my country, successful entrepreneurs have a high level of status and respect. | |
SIF4 | In my country, you will often see stories in the public media about successful entrepreneurs. | |
SIF5 | In my country, most people think of entrepreneurs as competent, resourceful individuals. | |
Physical Infrastructures Support | ||
API1 | In my country, the physical infrastructure (roads, utilities, communications and waste disposal) provides good support for new and growing firms. | [5] |
API2 | In my country, it is not too expensive for a new or growing firm to gain good access to communications (phone, internet, etc.). | |
API3 | In my country, a new or growing firm can gain good access to communications (telephone, internet, etc.) in about a week. | |
API4 | In my country, new and growing firms can afford the cost of basic utilities (gas, water and electricity). | |
API5 | In my country, new firms can get access to utilities (gas, water, electricity and sewer) in less time. | |
Access to Finance | ||
AF1 | In my country, equity funding is available for new and growing firms. | [5] |
AF2 | In my country, debt financing is available for new and growing firms. | |
AF3 | In my country, funding is available from informal investors (family, friends and colleagues), who are private individuals (other than founders) for new and growing firms. | |
AF4 | In my country, professional business angels funding is available for new and growing firms. | |
AF5 | In my country, venture capitalist funding is available for new and growing firms. | |
Education and Training | ||
ET1 | In my country, teaching in primary and secondary education encourages creativity, self-sufficiency and personal initiative. | [5] |
ET2 | In my country, teaching in primary and secondary education provides adequate instruction in market economic principles. | |
ET3 | In my country, teaching in primary and secondary education provides adequate attention to entrepreneurship and new firm creation. | |
ET4 | In my country, colleges and universities provide good and adequate preparation for starting up and growing new firms. | |
ET5 | In my country, the level of business and management education provides good and adequate preparation for starting up and growing new firms. | |
ET6 | In my country, the vocational, professional and continuing education systems provide good and adequate preparation for starting up and growing new firms. | |
Structure of Institutional Support | ||
SS1 | The governments have provided us with necessary technology information and support. | [41] |
SS2 | The governments have provided us with support to seek for financial resources. | |
SS3 | The governments have provided us with beneficial policies and projects. | |
SS4 | The governments have provided us with direct financial support such as tax reduction and subsidy. | |
Coffee Farming Entrepreneurial Intention | ||
CFEI1 | I am ready to do anything to be an entrepreneur in the field of coffee farming in Saudi Arabia. | [8] |
CFEI 2 | My professional goal is to become an entrepreneur in the field of coffee farming in Saudi Arabia. | |
CFEI3 | I will make every effort to start and run my own firm in the field of coffee farming in Saudi Arabia. | |
CFEI4 | I am determined to create a firm in the field of coffee farming in Saudi Arabia. | |
CFEI5 | I have very seriously thought of starting a business in the field of coffee farming in Saudi Arabia. | |
CFEI6 | I have the firm intention to start a firm someday in the field of coffee farming in Saudi Arabia. |
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Construct and Items | Loadings | CA | CR | AVE |
---|---|---|---|---|
Access to Finance | 0.918 | 0.921 | 0.753 | |
ATF1 | 0.805 | |||
ATF2 | 0.876 | |||
ATF3 | 0.886 | |||
ATF4 | 0.892 | |||
ATF5 | 0.877 | |||
Structural and Institutional Support | 0.908 | 0.909 | 0.785 | |
SIS1 | 0.851 | |||
SIS2 | 0.914 | |||
SIS3 | 0.916 | |||
SIS4 | 0.860 | |||
Physical Infrastructure support | 0.912 | 0.921 | 0.741 | |
PIS1 | 0.850 | |||
PIS2 | 0.783 | |||
PIS3 | 0.887 | |||
PIS4 | 0.893 | |||
PIS5 | 0.886 | |||
Social Influence | 0.879 | 0.880 | 0.673 | |
SIF1 | 0.783 | |||
SIF2 | 0.820 | |||
SIF3 | 0.822 | |||
SIF4 | 0.831 | |||
SIF5 | 0.846 | |||
Education and Training | 0.914 | 0.923 | 0.700 | |
ET1 | 0.712 | |||
ET2 | 0.878 | |||
ET3 | 0.843 | |||
ET4 | 0.850 | |||
ET5 | 0.889 | |||
ET6 | 0.836 | |||
Coffee farming Entrepreneurial Intention | 0.968 | 0.969 | 0.862 | |
CFEI1 | 0.893 | |||
CFEI2 | 0.945 | |||
CFEI3 | 0.956 | |||
CFEI4 | 0.945 | |||
CFEI5 | 0.918 | |||
CFEI6 | 0.911 |
Constructs | VIF |
---|---|
AF → CFEI | 3.420 |
API → CFEI | 3.419 |
ET → CFEI | 2.138 |
SIF → CFEI | 2.434 |
SIS → CFEI | 2.689 |
AF | API | CFEI | ET | SIF | SIS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AF | 0.868 | |||||
API | 0.741 | 0.861 | ||||
CFEI | 0.525 | 0.551 | 0.928 | |||
ET | 0.723 | 0.586 | 0.581 | 0.837 | ||
SIF | 0.670 | 0.741 | 0.513 | 0.523 | 0.820 | |
SIS | 0.710 | 0.753 | 0.503 | 0.576 | 0.654 | 0.886 |
Hypothesis | Relationship | Path Coefficient | Sample Mean (M) | t-Value | p-Values | Decision |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1 | ATF → CFEI | −0.049 | −0.048 | 0.509 | 0.610 | Rejected |
H2 | SIS → CFEI | 0.067 | 0.069 | 0.807 | 0.420 | Rejected |
H3 | API → CFEI | 0.198 | 0.193 | 2.419 | 0.016 | Accepted |
H4 | SIF → CFEI | 0.157 | 0.156 | 2.144 | 0.032 | Accepted |
H5 | ET → CFEI | 0.381 | 0.385 | 4.555 | 0.000 | Accepted |
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Share and Cite
Alshebami, A.S.; Alamri, M.M.; Alzain, E.; Algobaei, F.; Seraj, A.H.A.; Al Marri, S.H.; Al-duraywish, A.A. Caffeinating Entrepreneurship: Understating the Factors Driving Coffee Farming Entrepreneurial Intentions among Potential Entrepreneurs. Sustainability 2024, 16, 7824. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177824
Alshebami AS, Alamri MM, Alzain E, Algobaei F, Seraj AHA, Al Marri SH, Al-duraywish AA. Caffeinating Entrepreneurship: Understating the Factors Driving Coffee Farming Entrepreneurial Intentions among Potential Entrepreneurs. Sustainability. 2024; 16(17):7824. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177824
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlshebami, Ali Saleh, Mahdi M. Alamri, Elham Alzain, Faiz Algobaei, Abdullah Hamoud Ali Seraj, Salem Handhal Al Marri, and Abdulelah Abdullah Al-duraywish. 2024. "Caffeinating Entrepreneurship: Understating the Factors Driving Coffee Farming Entrepreneurial Intentions among Potential Entrepreneurs" Sustainability 16, no. 17: 7824. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177824