Multi-Indicator Assessment of a Thermal Insulation Investment, Taking into Account the Pre-Set Temperature
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Methodology
3.1. Economic Indicators for Assessing a Thermal Insulation Investment
3.2. Ecological Indicators for Assessing a Thermal Insulation Investment
3.3. Ecological Cost Effectiveness of a Thermal Insulation Investment
3.4. Optimum Thermal Insulation Thicknesses
4. Case Study of the Building
4.1. Summary of Data for Analysis
4.2. Results of the Economic Analysis
Thermal Insulation Material | Heat Source\Tb [°C] | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I1 | S1 | 0.144 | 0.139 | 0.132 | 0.129 | 0.123 | 0.118 | 0.113 | 0.108 | 0.106 | 0.101 |
S2 | 0.194 | 0.187 | 0.178 | 0.173 | 0.166 | 0.160 | 0.152 | 0.146 | 0.143 | 0.136 | |
I2 | S1 | 0.187 | 0.181 | 0.172 | 0.167 | 0.160 | 0.154 | 0.147 | 0.141 | 0.138 | 0.131 |
S2 | 0.253 | 0.244 | 0.232 | 0.226 | 0.216 | 0.208 | 0.198 | 0.190 | 0.186 | 0.177 |
Thermal Insulation Material | Heat Source\Tb [°C] | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I1 | S1 | 0.104 | 0.113 | 0.124 | 0.130 | 0.141 | 0.151 | 0.164 | 0.176 | 0.182 | 0.197 |
S2 | 0.049 | 0.055 | 0.063 | 0.068 | 0.076 | 0.083 | 0.093 | 0.102 | 0.106 | 0.117 | |
I2 | S1 | 0.062 | 0.069 | 0.078 | 0.084 | 0.093 | 0.102 | 0.114 | 0.124 | 0.129 | 0.142 |
S2 | 0.013 | 0.019 | 0.026 | 0.030 | 0.037 | 0.044 | 0.052 | 0.059 | 0.063 | 0.073 |
Thermal Insulation Material | Heat Source\Tb [°C] | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I1 | S1 | −31.54 | −26.90 | −20.11 | −15.54 | −8.30 | −0.26 | 10.36 | 20.71 | 26.61 | 41.03 |
S2 | −53.80 | −52.16 | −49.65 | −47.91 | −45.06 | −41.82 | −37.41 | −33.02 | −30.48 | −24.17 | |
I2 | S1 | −46.78 | −43.57 | −38.69 | −35.32 | −29.86 | −23.65 | −15.27 | −6.94 | −2.14 | 9.75 |
S2 | −59.38 | −58.79 | −57.70 | −56.84 | −55.31 | −53.42 | −50.68 | −47.79 | −46.06 | −41.63 |
Thermal Insulation Material | Heat Source\Tb [°C] | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I1 | S1 | 0.650 | 0.709 | 0.790 | 0.841 | 0.918 | 0.997 | 1.096 | 1.187 | 1.236 | 1.351 |
S2 | 0.274 | 0.312 | 0.365 | 0.399 | 0.450 | 0.503 | 0.569 | 0.631 | 0.664 | 0.742 | |
I2 | S1 | 0.461 | 0.515 | 0.588 | 0.634 | 0.703 | 0.773 | 0.860 | 0.939 | 0.982 | 1.080 |
S2 | 0.098 | 0.137 | 0.189 | 0.222 | 0.272 | 0.323 | 0.385 | 0.442 | 0.473 | 0.545 |
Thermal Insulation Material | Heat Source\Tb [°C] | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I1 | S1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23 | 21 | 20 | 18 |
S2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
I2 | S1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23 |
S2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Thermal Insulation Material | Heat Source\Tb [°C] | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I1 | S1 | 0.072 | 0.069 | 0.066 | 0.064 | 0.061 | 0.059 | 0.056 | 0.054 | 0.053 | 0.050 |
S2 | 0.083 | 0.080 | 0.076 | 0.074 | 0.071 | 0.068 | 0.065 | 0.062 | 0.061 | 0.058 | |
I2 | S1 | 0.165 | 0.159 | 0.152 | 0.147 | 0.141 | 0.136 | 0.129 | 0.124 | 0.121 | 0.116 |
S2 | 0.191 | 0.184 | 0.175 | 0.170 | 0.163 | 0.157 | 0.149 | 0.143 | 0.140 | 0.133 |
4.3. Results of the Ecological Analysis
Thermal Insulation Material | Heat Source\Tb [°C] | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I1 | S1 | 0.322 | 0.339 | 0.361 | 0.375 | 0.395 | 0.417 | 0.442 | 0.466 | 0.479 | 0.508 |
S2 | 0.264 | 0.279 | 0.298 | 0.310 | 0.328 | 0.346 | 0.369 | 0.389 | 0.400 | 0.425 | |
I2 | S1 | 0.087 | 0.095 | 0.106 | 0.113 | 0.123 | 0.133 | 0.146 | 0.157 | 0.163 | 0.178 |
S2 | 0.059 | 0.066 | 0.075 | 0.081 | 0.090 | 0.099 | 0.110 | 0.120 | 0.125 | 0.137 |
Thermal Insulation Material | Heat Source\Tb [°C] | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I1 | S1 | 6.35 | 7.01 | 7.96 | 8.59 | 9.55 | 10.61 | 11.97 | 13.28 | 14.01 | 15.78 |
S2 | 4.27 | 4.75 | 5.42 | 5.87 | 6.56 | 7.32 | 8.31 | 9.25 | 9.78 | 11.06 | |
I2 | S1 | 1.93 | 2.30 | 2.86 | 3.24 | 3.84 | 4.52 | 5.42 | 6.31 | 6.82 | 8.07 |
S2 | 0.88 | 1.10 | 1.43 | 1.67 | 2.05 | 2.48 | 3.07 | 3.65 | 3.98 | 4.82 |
Thermal Insulation Material | Heat Source\Tb [°C] | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I1 | S1 | 3.910 | 4.059 | 4.259 | 4.384 | 4.570 | 4.762 | 4.997 | 5.209 | 5.323 | 5.588 |
S2 | 3.388 | 3.517 | 3.690 | 3.798 | 3.959 | 4.126 | 4.329 | 4.512 | 4.612 | 4.841 | |
I2 | S1 | 1.695 | 1.760 | 1.847 | 1.901 | 1.981 | 2.065 | 2.166 | 2.258 | 2.308 | 2.423 |
S2 | 1.469 | 1.525 | 1.600 | 1.647 | 1.717 | 1.789 | 1.877 | 1.956 | 1.999 | 2.099 |
Thermal Insulation Material | Heat Source\Tb [°C] | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I1 | S1 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
S2 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | |
I2 | S1 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 |
S2 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 12 |
4.4. Ecological Cost Effectiveness of Thermal Insulation
Thermal Insulation Material | Heat Source\Tb [°C] | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I1 | S1 | 18.57 | 16.94 | 15.11 | 14.14 | 12.89 | 11.80 | 10.68 | 9.82 | 9.41 | 8.56 |
S2 | 32.22 | 28.11 | 23.89 | 21.79 | 19.23 | 17.10 | 15.03 | 13.51 | 12.80 | 11.39 | |
I2 | S1 | 47.66 | 41.01 | 34.29 | 30.99 | 27.02 | 23.78 | 20.66 | 18.41 | 17.38 | 15.34 |
S2 | 162.07 | 111.70 | 77.14 | 64.04 | 50.67 | 41.34 | 33.46 | 28.37 | 26.17 | 22.09 |
Thermal Insulation Material | Heat Source\Tb [°C] | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I1 | S1 | 24.12 | 22.51 | 20.64 | 19.60 | 18.24 | 17.01 | 15.70 | 14.67 | 14.16 | 13.11 |
S2 | 31.92 | 29.60 | 26.94 | 25.48 | 23.57 | 21.86 | 20.05 | 18.64 | 17.96 | 16.54 | |
I2 | S1 | 50.64 | 43.92 | 37.02 | 33.61 | 29.45 | 26.03 | 22.70 | 20.29 | 19.18 | 16.97 |
S2 | 97.42 | 80.53 | 64.45 | 56.95 | 48.24 | 41.40 | 35.06 | 30.64 | 28.65 | 24.81 |
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
- determining the energy demand of the building;
- determining the environmental impact of the thermal energy source and production of thermal insulation materials used, for example, using the SimaPro computer program;
- determining the annual economic and ecological costs of heating depending on the actual air temperature Tb maintained in the rooms;
- determining the optimum heat transfer coefficient and optimum thermal insulation thickness for economic and ecological reasons, depending on the temperature Tb;
- determining the economic and ecological net present value, profitability index, discounted payback period, and ecological cost-effectiveness, depending on the temperature Tb.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Temperature Tb [°C] | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DUo (Tb) [kWh/m2year] for U0 = 0.28 W/m2K | 81.53 | 90.97 | 100.13 | 109.47 | 119.14 | 129.40 | 140.52 | 152.51 | 164.15 | 176.81 |
DUn (Tb) [kWh/m2year] for Un = 0.20 W/m2K | 74.18 | 83.05 | 91.41 | 100.23 | 109.10 | 118.50 | 128.52 | 139.47 | 150.53 | 161.80 |
Heat Source | Condensing Gas Boiler (S1) | Heat Pump (S2) |
---|---|---|
Efficiency/SEER | 98% | 5.28 |
Kc [PLN/kWh] | 0.3620 | 0.1989 |
Ke [Pt/kWh] | 0.0270 | 0.0203 |
Thermal Insulation Material | Polystyrene EPS (I1) | Polystyrene XPS (I2) |
---|---|---|
λ [W/mK] | 0.031 | 0.035 |
Km [PLN/m3] | 289.07 | 433.00 |
Kw [PLN/m2] | 60.00 | 60.00 |
Kl [Pt/m3] | 6.77 | 31.90 |
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Adamczyk, J.; Dylewski, R.; Relich, M. Multi-Indicator Assessment of a Thermal Insulation Investment, Taking into Account the Pre-Set Temperature. Sustainability 2024, 16, 3544. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16093544
Adamczyk J, Dylewski R, Relich M. Multi-Indicator Assessment of a Thermal Insulation Investment, Taking into Account the Pre-Set Temperature. Sustainability. 2024; 16(9):3544. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16093544
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdamczyk, Janusz, Robert Dylewski, and Marcin Relich. 2024. "Multi-Indicator Assessment of a Thermal Insulation Investment, Taking into Account the Pre-Set Temperature" Sustainability 16, no. 9: 3544. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16093544