The Effect of Varying Olive Mill Wastewater Concentrations on Soil Free-Living Nematode Communities and Lettuce Growth
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experiment Design
2.2. Pot Experiment
2.3. Nematode Extraction, Identification, and Indices
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Impact of OMW on Lactuca sativa
4.2. Effect on Nematode Abundance, Community Composition, and Genera Diversity
4.3. Assessing Levels of Disturbance
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Soil Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Sand (%) | 47% |
Clay (%) | 24% |
Silt (%) | 32% |
pH | 7.51± 0.01 |
Soil Organic C (%) | 1.82 ± 0.01 |
Total N (%) | 0.15 ± 0.02 |
Time | OMW | CI | EI | MI | FF | BF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 DAA | Control | 89.00 ± 3.41 | 36.40 ± 1.89 | 2.08 ± 0.03 | 12.7 ± 5.68 d | 8.60 ± 0.60 |
OMW10 | 93.00 ± 3.12 | 33.50 ± 3.07 | 2.05 ± 0.03 | 45.76 ± 20.46 ab | 12.20 ± 2.05 | |
OMW35 | 83.60 ± 6.98 | 37.00 ± 2.79 | 2.01 ± 0.01 | 24.69 ± 11.04 cd | 11.70 ± 2.92 | |
OMW70 | 94.30 ± 2.50 | 37.60 ± 0.35 | 2.04 ± 0.01 | 31.16 ± 13.93 bc | 10.90 ± 0.56 | |
OMW100 | 85.00 ± 6.16 | 40.20 ± 2.92 | 2.01 ± 0.03 | 23.64 ± 10.57 cd | 11.50 ± 1.56 | |
45 DAA | Control | 92.30 ± 3.88 | 43.10 ± 1.29 | 2.08 ± 0.04 | 11.74 ± 2.37 d | 7.90 ± 0.38 |
OMW10 | 89.80 ± 5.42 | 42.60 ± 1.32 | 2.04 ± 0.03 | 16.59 ± 3.39 cd | 8.70 ± 0.31 | |
OMW35 | 94.60 ± 4.08 | 43.50 ± 1.50 | 2.06 ± 0.02 | 21.68 ± 3.00 cd | 7.30 ± 1.20 | |
OMW70 | 100.00 ± 0.00 | 40.90 ± 1.71 | 2.04 ± 0.02 | 52.72 ± 10.97 a | 8.20 ± 0.86 | |
OMW100 | 94.40 ± 2.70 | 46.40 ± 1.13 | 2.03 ± 0.01 | 46.94 ± 9.57 ab | 4.70 ± 1.45 | |
Time | * | *** | ns | ns | *** | |
OMW | ns | ns | ns | *** | ** | |
Time*OMW | ns | ns | ns | *** | ns |
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Kekelis, P.; Pantazi, C.; Mourouzidou, S.; Theofilidou, A.; Dimou, M.D.; Aschonitis, V.; Monokrousos, N. The Effect of Varying Olive Mill Wastewater Concentrations on Soil Free-Living Nematode Communities and Lettuce Growth. Sustainability 2024, 16, 3848. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16093848
Kekelis P, Pantazi C, Mourouzidou S, Theofilidou A, Dimou MD, Aschonitis V, Monokrousos N. The Effect of Varying Olive Mill Wastewater Concentrations on Soil Free-Living Nematode Communities and Lettuce Growth. Sustainability. 2024; 16(9):3848. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16093848
Chicago/Turabian StyleKekelis, Panagiotis, Cleopatra Pantazi, Snezhana Mourouzidou, Aphrodite Theofilidou, Maria D. Dimou, Vassilis Aschonitis, and Nikolaos Monokrousos. 2024. "The Effect of Varying Olive Mill Wastewater Concentrations on Soil Free-Living Nematode Communities and Lettuce Growth" Sustainability 16, no. 9: 3848. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16093848