Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROI) for the Electrical Heating of Methane Hydrate Reservoirs
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Temperature Distribution in the MH Deposits
- MH: latent heat = 438540 joules/kg
- MH specific heat = 2108 joules/(kg K)
- MH density = 913 kg/(m3)
- MH thermal conductivity = 0.5 watts/(m.K)
- Water specific heat = 4187 joules/(kg.K)
- Water density = 1000 kg/(m3)
- Water thermal conductivity = 0.58 watts/(m.K)
- Copper specific heat = 385 joules/(kg.K)
- Copper density = 8920 kg/(m3)
- Copper thermal conductivity = 401 watts/(m.K)
3. Energy Efficiencies at Different Input Power Levels
- One cubic meter of methane hydrate yields 160–170 cubic meters of methane at standard temperature and pressure (STP 0 °C and 1 atm)
- Measurements of the heat of combustion of methane [13] yield a value of 8.906 × 105 joules/mol corresponding to 3.868 × 107 joules/m3 of methane. This value closely agrees with an energy content of 1000 BTU per cubic foot, well in the range of the 500–1000 BTU per cubic foot reported in the literature for natural gas [14].
- Thus 1 cubic meter of methane hydrate producing 160 m3 of methane gas yields an equivalent energy of 6.1 × 109 joules.
4. Conclusions
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Callarotti, R.C. Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROI) for the Electrical Heating of Methane Hydrate Reservoirs. Sustainability 2011, 3, 2105-2114. https://doi.org/10.3390/su3112105
Callarotti RC. Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROI) for the Electrical Heating of Methane Hydrate Reservoirs. Sustainability. 2011; 3(11):2105-2114. https://doi.org/10.3390/su3112105
Chicago/Turabian StyleCallarotti, Roberto Cesare. 2011. "Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROI) for the Electrical Heating of Methane Hydrate Reservoirs" Sustainability 3, no. 11: 2105-2114. https://doi.org/10.3390/su3112105
APA StyleCallarotti, R. C. (2011). Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROI) for the Electrical Heating of Methane Hydrate Reservoirs. Sustainability, 3(11), 2105-2114. https://doi.org/10.3390/su3112105