A Computational Method based on Radio Frequency Technologies for the Analysis of Accessibility of Disabled People in Sustainable Cities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Sustainable Development and Accessibility
1.2. Evolution and Awareness of the Accessibility Concept
1.3. Problem Statement, Challenges, and Objectives of the Work
1.4. Working Hypotheses and Contributions
2. Related Work
2.1. Urban Actions
- Increase awareness: It has awareness activities and campaigns regarding the capabilities and contributions of persons with disabilities in society; the participation of media and communication programs has also been encouraged so that society can understand the disability, and people with disabilities can know their rights and how to exercise those rights through appropriate information channels.
- Training: It has actions for learning and training professionals towards the approaches of “Design for All”—specific for products, services, and environments—so that in other areas, the architects, town planners, building engineers, and other design professionals that are building the urban environment can be informed at all times.
- Information: It has tried to streamline information on disabilities obtained mainly through surveys on different topics—as incomes, living conditions, workforce, and health—including specific topics regarding barriers to social integration. It has also provided statistics from this information and these efforts for the presentation of indicators to monitor their situation regarding the main objectives of the Europe 2020 Strategy—as education, employment, and poverty level.
2.2. Sustainability Enhanced by Technology
Type | Meaning and Definition |
---|---|
Passive Technologies | Involves the application of technology to materials, components, and processes of urban construction |
Active Technologies | Incorporate technology to define the behavior of urban elements according to the needs of a pedestrian or vehicular traffic |
Autonomous Technologies | Technological elements that incorporate the inhabitants, themselves, to overcome the limitations of their disability |
2.3. Dynamic Analysis of Urban Accessibility
Project/research | Year | Methodology/Type | Aims |
---|---|---|---|
Time-Geographic Approach [79] | 2004 | GIS-based system | 3D geovisualization of human activity patterns |
Route navigation method [80] | 2007 | GIS-based system Navigation services | Propose a route navigation method for disabled access |
Destination accessibility [81] | 2012 | GIS-based system | Assessing accessibility via public transit and walking |
Transport Accessibility Analysis [82] | 2015 | GIS-based system | Assessing sustainable transport in London |
Personalized Accessibility Maps [77] | 2013 | GIS-based system Navigation services | Personalized accessibility maps |
Routing Maps [78] | 2009 | GIS-based system Navigation services | Routing for wheelchair navigation |
London Transport network [83] | 2014 | Efficiency analysis | Improving the accessibility of urban transportation networks |
Planning Support System [68] | 2014 | Efficiency analysis | Optimal route finding for wheelchair users |
A fuzzy logic map matching [84] | 2012 | GPS-based system | Mapping wheelchair movements on sidewalks |
RouteCheckr [85] | 2008 | GPS-based system | Routing for mobility impaired pedestrians |
Path 2.0 [86] | 2010 | GPS-based system | Generation of accessible routes |
EasyWheel [74] | 2011 | Social Community System | Generating a social value and accessible information |
IBM Sidewalks [75] | 2013 | Collaborative web platform | Identification of accessibility issues in the city |
2.4. Findings
3. Computational Method for Analysis of Accessibility
3.1. Distributed Infrastructure Design
3.2. Centralized Infrastructure Design
4. Experimentation and Discussion
4.1. Experimental Setup and Implementation
4.2. Case Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gilart-Iglesias, V.; Mora, H.; Pérez-delHoyo, R.; García-Mayor, C. A Computational Method based on Radio Frequency Technologies for the Analysis of Accessibility of Disabled People in Sustainable Cities. Sustainability 2015, 7, 14935-14963. https://doi.org/10.3390/su71114935
Gilart-Iglesias V, Mora H, Pérez-delHoyo R, García-Mayor C. A Computational Method based on Radio Frequency Technologies for the Analysis of Accessibility of Disabled People in Sustainable Cities. Sustainability. 2015; 7(11):14935-14963. https://doi.org/10.3390/su71114935
Chicago/Turabian StyleGilart-Iglesias, Virgilio, Higinio Mora, Raquel Pérez-delHoyo, and Clara García-Mayor. 2015. "A Computational Method based on Radio Frequency Technologies for the Analysis of Accessibility of Disabled People in Sustainable Cities" Sustainability 7, no. 11: 14935-14963. https://doi.org/10.3390/su71114935