Variability of Temperature and Its Impact on Reference Evapotranspiration: The Test Case of the Apulia Region (Southern Italy)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- In the “direct time direction” case, 1950–1979 represents a common period for a 25 subseries (selected period). The first subseries is 1950–1979, the second one is 1950–1980. By iteration, the last subseries is 1950–2003.
- In the “inverse time direction” case, 1974–2003 represents a common period for a 25 subseries. The first subseries is 1974–2003, the second one is 1973–2003. By iteration, the last subseries is 1950–2003.
2. Study Area and Data
3. Methods
- NSNT: Non-Significant Negative Trend;
- SNT: Significant Negative Trend;
- NSPT: Non-Significant Positive Trend;
- SPT: Significant Positive Trend.
4. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Files
Supplementary File 1Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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1950–2003 | 1974–2003 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tmax | Tmin | Tm | Tmax | Tmin | Tm | |
Annual | −0.01 ± 0.07 | +0.25 ± 0.06 *** | +0.11 ± 0.04 | +0.52 ± 0.07 *** | +0.52 ± 0.09 *** | +0.52 ± 0.07 *** |
Winter | +0.02 ± 0.05 | +0.19 ± 0.07 *** | +0.11 ± 0.04 ** | +0.23 ± 0.08 * | +0.15 ± 0.09 | +0.19 ± 0.08 * |
Spring | +0.00 ± 0.07 | +0.26 ± 0.06 *** | +0.14 ± 0.04 * | +0.54 ± 0.08 *** | +0.44 ± 0.09 ** | +0.49 ± 0.08 ** |
Summer | −0.06 ± 0.10 | +0.29 ± 0.05 *** | +0.12 ± 0.05 | +0.90 ± 0.09 *** | +0.92 ± 0.11 *** | +0.91 ± 0.08 *** |
Autumn | −0.04 ± 0.06 | +0.21 ± 0.06 *** | +0.08 ± 0.04 | +0.41 ± 0.08 ** | +0.53 ± 0.09 *** | +0.46 ± 0.07 *** |
1950–2003 | 1974–2003 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tmax | Tmin | Tm | Tmax | Tmin | Tm | |
Annual | +0.10 ± 0.03 | +0.23 ± 0.06 | +0.10 ± 0.03 | +0.29 ± 0.05 | +0.37 ± 0.07 | +0.34 ± 0.06 |
Winter | +0.05 ± 0.02 | +0.13 ± 0.04 | +0.06 ± 0.02 | +0.11 ± 0.03 | +0.09 ± 0.03 | +0.09 ± 0.03 |
Spring | +0.06 ± 0.02 | +0.18 ± 0.05 | +0.07 ± 0.02 | +0.14 ± 0.03 | +0.16 ± 0.04 | +0.16 ± 0.03 |
Summer | +0.09 ± 0.03 | +0.17 ± 0.04 | +0.07 ± 0.02 | +0.34 ± 0.04 | +0.45 ± 0.05 | +0.41 ± 0.04 |
Autumn | +0.06 ± 0.02 | +0.11 ± 0.04 | +0.04 ± 0.01 | +0.13 ± 0.03 | +0.19 ± 0.04 | +0.15 ± 0.03 |
Average Trend | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(mm/Decade) | Annual | Winter | Spring | Summer | Autumn |
1950–2003 | +3.5 ± 1.2 | +0.4 ± 0.2 ** | +1.3 ± 0.4 * | +1.4 ± 0.0 | +0.3 ± 0.2 |
1974–2003 | +18.6 ± 2.2 *** | +0.8 ± 0.3 | +4.9 ± 0.7 ** | 10.8 ± 1.0 *** | 2.1 ± 0.4 ** |
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Elferchichi, A.; Giorgio, G.A.; Lamaddalena, N.; Ragosta, M.; Telesca, V. Variability of Temperature and Its Impact on Reference Evapotranspiration: The Test Case of the Apulia Region (Southern Italy). Sustainability 2017, 9, 2337. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122337
Elferchichi A, Giorgio GA, Lamaddalena N, Ragosta M, Telesca V. Variability of Temperature and Its Impact on Reference Evapotranspiration: The Test Case of the Apulia Region (Southern Italy). Sustainability. 2017; 9(12):2337. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122337
Chicago/Turabian StyleElferchichi, Abderraouf, Giuseppina A. Giorgio, Nicola Lamaddalena, Maria Ragosta, and Vito Telesca. 2017. "Variability of Temperature and Its Impact on Reference Evapotranspiration: The Test Case of the Apulia Region (Southern Italy)" Sustainability 9, no. 12: 2337. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122337