Variations in Growing-Season NDVI and Its Response to Permafrost Degradation in Northeast China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. NDVI Datasets
2.3. Ground Surface Temperature Data
2.4. Methods
2.4.1. Consistency Checking Between LTDR and MODIS Datasets
2.4.2. Spatiotemporal Analysis for NDVI and GST
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Consistency Check
3.2. The Interannual Dynamics of MGS-NDVI and Its Correlation to GS-MGST at the Scale of the Entire Permafrost Zone
3.3. Spatial Dynamics of MGS-NDVI and Its Relationship to GS-MGST at the Pixel Scale
3.4. Changes in MGS-NDVI and Its Association with GS-MGST in Different Types of Permafrost Zones
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The MGS-NDVI significantly increased at a rate of 0.003 year−1 at the entire permafrost zone scale. Meanwhile, the spatial dynamics of the vegetation cover in the permafrost zone had a high degree of heterogeneity at the per pixel scale.
- (2)
- These results suggest that warming GS-MGST (permafrost degradation) in the permafrost region of northeastern China played a positive role in improving plant growth and increasing plant activity. However, increasing ground surface temperature accelerated vegetation cover and growth in the short term with permafrost degradation; nevertheless, from a long term point of view, permafrost degradation or its disappearance may weaken or even hinder vegetation growth and activity.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
NDVI | Normalization Difference Vegetation Index |
GST | Ground surface temperature |
NASA | National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
AVHRR | Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer |
MODIS | Moderate Resolution Imaging Radiometer |
LTDR | Long Term Data Record |
GIMMS | Global Inventory Modelling and Mapping Studies |
CP | Continuous permafrost |
DIP | Discontinuous permafrost with island taliks |
SIP | Sparse island permafrost |
MGS-NDVI | Mean growing-season Normalization Difference Vegetation Index |
GS-MGST | Growing-season mean ground surface temperature |
MVC | Maximum value composite |
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Permafrost Types | Correlation Coefficients |
---|---|
CP | 0.754 ** |
DIP | 0.821 ** |
SIP | 0.718 ** |
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Guo, J.; Hu, Y.; Xiong, Z.; Yan, X.; Li, C.; Bu, R. Variations in Growing-Season NDVI and Its Response to Permafrost Degradation in Northeast China. Sustainability 2017, 9, 551. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9040551
Guo J, Hu Y, Xiong Z, Yan X, Li C, Bu R. Variations in Growing-Season NDVI and Its Response to Permafrost Degradation in Northeast China. Sustainability. 2017; 9(4):551. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9040551
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuo, Jinting, Yuanman Hu, Zaiping Xiong, Xiaolu Yan, Chunlin Li, and Rencang Bu. 2017. "Variations in Growing-Season NDVI and Its Response to Permafrost Degradation in Northeast China" Sustainability 9, no. 4: 551. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9040551