Quantitative Research on Regional Ecological Compensation from the Perspective of Carbon-Neutral: The Case of Hunan Province, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology and Data
2.1. Establishment of the Regional Ecological Compensation Model
2.2. Determination of Regional Ecological Compensation Standards
2.2.1. Analysis of Carbon Sequestration
2.2.2. Analysis of Carbon Emissions
2.3. Determination of Carbon Price and Ecological Compensation Coefficient
2.4. Overview of the Study Region and Data Sources
2.4.1. Overview of the Study Region
2.4.2. Data Sources and Data Processing Methods
3. Results
3.1. Carbon Sequestration
3.2. Carbon Emissions
3.3. Quantization of Ecological Compensation
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Region | Forest | Shrub | Grassland | Wetland | Farmland | Total Sequestration | Per Capita Sequestration |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Changsha | 34,871,512.8 | 1011.6 | 20,716.3 | 44,047.9 | 2,272,215.3 | 10,148,046.5 | 1.44 |
Zhuzhou | 38,374,735.4 | 191,322.4 | 39,896.7 | 111,092.8 | 1,567,814.4 | 10,986,780.5 | 2.85 |
Xiangtan | 13,531,033.8 | 47.1 | 10,838.4 | 36,988.1 | 1,105,519.3 | 4,004,843.7 | 1.46 |
Hengyang | 35,419,408.9 | 352,793.1 | 24,069.5 | 272,405.5 | 3,939,503.6 | 10,911,322.0 | 1.53 |
Shaoyang | 72,115,678.3 | 146,799.3 | 342,405.8 | 36,123.6 | 2,896,979.8 | 20,601,269.1 | 2.91 |
Yueyang | 35,503,194.7 | 1158.8 | 19,391.3 | 4,093,574.0 | 2,904,254.8 | 11,596,792.8 | 2.12 |
Changde | 42,251,170.8 | 1456.7 | 33,036.6 | 1,465,248.0 | 4,458,025.8 | 13,147,892.2 | 2.30 |
Zhangjiajie | 40,569,770.5 | 2563.0 | 203,912.4 | 149,750.4 | 455,583.9 | 11,285,885.5 | 7.64 |
Yiyang | 31,401,776.7 | 421.3 | 5653.3 | 2,570,169.0 | 2,594,110.5 | 9,974,217.5 | 2.32 |
Chengzhou | 67,718,938.6 | 143,905.9 | 68,263.2 | 280,223.9 | 2,792,590.6 | 19,364,706.0 | 4.22 |
Yongzhou | 68,797,262.3 | 24,093.7 | 300,957.3 | 51,404.6 | 3,993,158.9 | 19,954,602.8 | 3.84 |
Huaihua | 102,295,401.2 | 9195.9 | 169,697.7 | 96,879.8 | 3,556,425.8 | 28,943,891.0 | 6.10 |
Loudi | 28,581,961.3 | 13.1 | 28,737.9 | 16,726.2 | 1,199,598.6 | 8,134,646.5 | 2.15 |
Xiangxi | 59,466,950.7 | 5024.0 | 199,437.7 | 9601.2 | 1,832,903.2 | 16,776,522.7 | 6.58 |
Region | Energy | Electricity | Soil Respiration | Industrial Production | People/Livestock Respiration | Total Emissions | Per Capita Emissions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Changsha | 19,158,700.8 | 3,246,460.1 | 1,065,134.6 | 1,395,886.6 | 30,674.8 | 24,896,857.0 | 3.54 |
Zhuzhou | 8,275,916.3 | 1,852,740.4 | 1,079,832.7 | 511,536.1 | 34,462.0 | 11,754,487.4 | 3.05 |
Xiangtan | 7,611,215.8 | 1,760,162.7 | 442,971.9 | 917,210.1 | 11,037.8 | 10,742,598.3 | 3.90 |
Hengyang | 7,991,405.2 | 1,859,191.9 | 1,323,755.8 | 711,183.4 | 54,992.6 | 11,940,529.0 | 1.67 |
Shaoyang | 4,336,880.5 | 950,590.9 | 2,022,868.8 | 501,945.8 | 137,926.2 | 7,950,212.0 | 1.12 |
Yueyang | 9,854,605.6 | 1,657,685.8 | 1,211,160.1 | 342,683.9 | 94,520.8 | 13,160,656.1 | 2.40 |
Changde | 6,938,950.7 | 1,999,132.5 | 1,556,250.0 | 898,242.4 | 99,289.5 | 11,491,865.0 | 2.01 |
Zhangjiajie | 1,062,488.9 | 240,760.1 | 981,279.1 | 109,942.5 | 35,681.1 | 2,430,151.8 | 1.64 |
Yiyang | 3,829,540.7 | 930,220.9 | 1,054,972.3 | 563,310.8 | 68,934.3 | 6,446,978.9 | 1.50 |
Chengzhou | 7,686,654.5 | 1,831,571.0 | 1,898,423.2 | 745,308.3 | 71,815.7 | 12,233,772.7 | 2.67 |
Yongzhou | 4,605,033.7 | 1,054,777.0 | 2,068,127.2 | 557,017.5 | 182,704.1 | 8,467,659.4 | 1.63 |
Huaihua | 3,941,968.1 | 1,340,496.8 | 2,730,647.8 | 708,361.4 | 115,638.0 | 8,837,112.0 | 1.86 |
Loudi | 7,983,601.9 | 1,991,047.0 | 787,622.0 | 1,056,151.4 | 82,850.2 | 11,901,272.6 | 3.14 |
Xiangxi | 1,867,319.2 | 1,093,971.0 | 92,734.5 | 77,237.7 | 72,362.1 | 3,203,624.4 | 1.26 |
Region | Sequestration (10,000 t) | Emissions (10,000 t) | Net Emissions (10,000 t) | Compensation Coefficient | Price of Unit Carbon (RMB/t) | Amount of Compensation (RMB Million) | Per Capita Compensation (RMB) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Changsha | 1014.80 | 2489.69 | −1474.88 | 1.14 | 66.7 | −1121.47 | −159 |
Zhuzhou | 1098.68 | 1175.45 | −76.77 | 0.57 | 66.7 | 29.19 | −8 |
Xiangtan | 400.48 | 1074.26 | −673.78 | 0.55 | 66.7 | −247.18 | −90 |
Hengyang | 1091.13 | 1194.05 | −102.92 | 0.35 | 66.7 | −27.03 | −3 |
Shaoyang | 2060.13 | 795.02 | 1265.11 | 0.18 | 66.7 | 151.89 | 21 |
Yueyang | 1159.68 | 1316.07 | −156.39 | 0.49 | 66.7 | −51.11 | −9 |
Changde | 1314.79 | 1149.19 | 165.60 | 0.45 | 66.7 | 49.71 | 9 |
Zhangjiajie | 1128.59 | 243.02 | 885.57 | 0.28 | 66.7 | 165.39 | 112 |
Yiyang | 997.42 | 644.70 | 352.72 | 0.29 | 66.7 | 68.23 | 16 |
Chengzhou | 1936.47 | 1223.38 | 713.09 | 0.41 | 66.7 | 195.01 | 43 |
Yongzhou | 1995.46 | 846.77 | 1148.69 | 0.25 | 66.7 | 191.55 | 37 |
Huaihua | 2894.39 | 883.71 | 2010.68 | 0.25 | 66.7 | 335.28 | 71 |
Loudi | 813.46 | 1190.13 | −376.66 | 0.30 | 66.7 | −75.37 | −20 |
Xiangxi | 1677.65 | 320.36 | 1357.29 | 0.21 | 66.7 | 190.12 | 75 |
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Yu, G.; Liu, D.; Liao, X.; Wang, T.; Tian, Q.; Liao, Y. Quantitative Research on Regional Ecological Compensation from the Perspective of Carbon-Neutral: The Case of Hunan Province, China. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9071095
Yu G, Liu D, Liao X, Wang T, Tian Q, Liao Y. Quantitative Research on Regional Ecological Compensation from the Perspective of Carbon-Neutral: The Case of Hunan Province, China. Sustainability. 2017; 9(7):1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9071095
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Guanghui, Di Liu, Xiuying Liao, Ting Wang, Qianjin Tian, and Yan Liao. 2017. "Quantitative Research on Regional Ecological Compensation from the Perspective of Carbon-Neutral: The Case of Hunan Province, China" Sustainability 9, no. 7: 1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9071095