Spatial Resolution Matching of Microwave Radiometer Data with Convolutional Neural Network
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Instrument and Imaging Process
2.1. MWRI Instrument
2.2. Imaging Process
3. Spatial Resolution Match Method
3.1. Flexible Degradation Model
3.2. Network Architecture
3.2.1. Basic Network
3.2.2. Adjustable Network
3.3. ASRM for the FY-3C MWRI
3.3.1. ASRM Framework Flowchart
3.3.2. Training Details
4. Experiment Results
4.1. Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Fixed Level Resolution Match
4.1.1. Synthetic Scenario Evaluation
4.1.2. Test Set Evaluation
4.1.3. Real Data Testing
4.2. Resolution Match with Adjustable Network
4.2.1. Case 1 When vH1 = 89 GHz and vH2 = 36.5 GHz
4.2.2. Case 2 When vH1 = 89 GHz and vH2 = 23.8 GHz
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Frequency (GHz) | Polarization | IFOV (km) | Sensitivity NEΔT (K) | Integration Time (ms) |
---|---|---|---|---|
10.65 | V/H | 51 × 85 | 0.5 | 15.0 |
18.7 | V/H | 30 × 50 | 0.5 | 10.0 |
23.8 | V/H | 27 × 45 | 0.5 | 7.5 |
36.5 | V/H | 18 × 30 | 0.5 | 5.0 |
89.0 | V/H | 9 × 15 | 0.8 | 2.5 |
Methods | PSNR (dB) | SSIM | IFOV’ (km) | Noise |
---|---|---|---|---|
18 GHz | 37.601 | 0.945 | 40.00 | 0.501 |
BG | 38.962 | 0.960 | 26.85 | 0.535 |
Banach | 40.776 | 0.966 | 23.73 | 0.700 |
3-layer CNN | 39.612 | 0.962 | 28.25 | 0.401 |
VDSR | 42.501 | 0.980 | 21.63 | 0.284 |
SRResNet | 43.077 | 0.983 | 21.35 | 0.140 |
Basic Network | 43.134 | 0.983 | 20.76 | 0.200 |
Test Scenes | Indexes | 18 GHz | BG | Banach | SRCNN | VDSR | SRRestNet | Basic Network |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scene 33 | PSNR (dB) | 44.459 | 46.400 | 47.619 | 47.888 | 49.619 | 50.433 | 50.617 |
SSIM | 0.980 | 0.986 | 0.987 | 0.989 | 0.992 | 0.993 | 0.993 | |
IFOV’ (km) | 39.73 | 25.73 | 21.73 | 24.93 | 19.33 | 18.13 | 18.13 | |
Scene 48 | PSNR (dB) | 47.104 | 47.883 | 49.151 | 49.238 | 50.185 | 48.070 | 50.716 |
SSIM | 0.983 | 0.987 | 0.988 | 0.989 | 0.991 | 0.991 | 0.992 | |
IFOV’ (km) | 40.13 | 26.13 | 23.53 | 27.33 | 24.13 | 22.93 | 22.93 | |
Scene 78 | PSNR (dB) | 48.550 | 49.748 | 50.248 | 51.986 | 53.884 | 54.544 | 54.544 |
SSIM | 0.991 | 0.993 | 0.992 | 0.995 | 0.996 | 0.997 | 0.997 | |
IFOV’ (km) | 39.73 | 26.13 | 20.93 | 23.73 | 19.33 | 18.93 | 18.13 | |
Scene 104 | PSNR (dB) | 41.459 | 43.018 | 44.953 | 44.624 | 46.141 | 46.882 | 47.037 |
SSIM | 0.960 | 0.973 | 0.978 | 0.978 | 0.983 | 0.986 | 0.986 | |
IFOV’ (km) | 40.13 | 26.13 | 22.53 | 24.53 | 20.93 | 19.33 | 19.33 | |
Scene 193 | PSNR (dB) | 41.129 | 42.684 | 43.782 | 44.523 | 46.501 | 47.010 | 47.390 |
SSIM | 0.964 | 0.974 | 0.978 | 0.981 | 0.986 | 0.988 | 0.989 | |
IFOV’ (km) | 39.73 | 27.73 | 24.93 | 24.53 | 19.73 | 17.73 | 17.73 | |
200 Scenes Average | PSNR (dB) | 45.646 | 46.692 | 47.983 | 48.588 | 50.132 | 50.538 | 50.816 |
SSIM | 0.982 | 0.987 | 0.988 | 0.990 | 0.992 | 0.993 | 0.993 | |
IFOV’ (km) | 39.94 | 25.94 | 22.70 | 25.20 | 20.99 | 20.12 | 19.82 |
Case | Network | PSNR (dB) | SSIM | IFOV’ (km) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1: vH2 = 36.5 GHz | Na (trained from Nb) | 57.78 | 0.9986 | 26.16 |
Na (trained from scratch) | 57.83 | 0.9986 | 26.23 | |
2: vH2 = 23.8 GHz | Na (trained from Nb) | 65.66 | 0.9997 | 35.83 |
Na (trained from scratch) | 65.48 | 0.9998 | 35.76 |
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Li, Y.; Hu, W.; Chen, S.; Zhang, W.; Guo, R.; He, J.; Ligthart, L. Spatial Resolution Matching of Microwave Radiometer Data with Convolutional Neural Network. Remote Sens. 2019, 11, 2432. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11202432
Li Y, Hu W, Chen S, Zhang W, Guo R, He J, Ligthart L. Spatial Resolution Matching of Microwave Radiometer Data with Convolutional Neural Network. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11(20):2432. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11202432
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Yade, Weidong Hu, Shi Chen, Wenlong Zhang, Rui Guo, Jingwen He, and Leo Ligthart. 2019. "Spatial Resolution Matching of Microwave Radiometer Data with Convolutional Neural Network" Remote Sensing 11, no. 20: 2432. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11202432
APA StyleLi, Y., Hu, W., Chen, S., Zhang, W., Guo, R., He, J., & Ligthart, L. (2019). Spatial Resolution Matching of Microwave Radiometer Data with Convolutional Neural Network. Remote Sensing, 11(20), 2432. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11202432