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Remote Sensing
Volume 11
Issue 24
10.3390/rs11242987
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Article

Near-Real-Time Tephra Fallout Assessment at Mt. Etna, Italy

by
Simona Scollo
1,*,
Michele Prestifilippo
1,
Costanza Bonadonna
2,
Raffaello Cioni
3,
Stefano Corradini
4,
Wim Degruyter
5,
Eduardo Rossi
2,
Malvina Silvestri
4,
Emilio Biale
1,
Giuseppe Carparelli
3,
Carmelo Cassisi
1,
Luca Merucci
4,
Massimo Musacchio
4 and
Emilio Pecora
1
1
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo, 95125 Catania, Italy
2
Département des sciences de la Terre, Université de Genève, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
3
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, 50121 Firenze, Italy
4
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 00143 Roma, Italy
5
School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2019, 11(24), 2987; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242987
Submission received: 8 October 2019 / Revised: 3 December 2019 / Accepted: 9 December 2019 / Published: 12 December 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Convective and Volcanic Clouds (CVC))
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Abstract

During explosive eruptions, emergency responders and government agencies need to make fast decisions that should be based on an accurate forecast of tephra dispersal and assessment of the expected impact. Here, we propose a new operational tephra fallout monitoring and forecasting system based on quantitative volcanological observations and modelling. The new system runs at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo (INGV-OE) and is able to provide a reliable hazard assessment to the National Department of Civil Protection (DPC) during explosive eruptions. The new operational system combines data from low-cost calibrated visible cameras and satellite images to estimate the variation of column height with time and model volcanic plume and fallout in near-real-time (NRT). The new system has three main objectives: (i) to determine column height in NRT using multiple sensors (calibrated cameras and satellite images); (ii) to compute isomass and isopleth maps of tephra deposits in NRT; (iii) to help the DPC to best select the eruption scenarios run daily by INGV-OE every three hours. A particular novel feature of the new system is the computation of an isopleth map, which helps to identify the region of sedimentation of large clasts (≥5 cm) that could cause injuries to tourists, hikers, guides, and scientists, as well as damage buildings in the proximity of the summit craters. The proposed system could be easily adapted to other volcano observatories worldwide.
Keywords: hazard assessment; column height; near-real-time forecasts; maximum clast forecasts; operational system; Etna volcano hazard assessment; column height; near-real-time forecasts; maximum clast forecasts; operational system; Etna volcano
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MDPI and ACS Style

Scollo, S.; Prestifilippo, M.; Bonadonna, C.; Cioni, R.; Corradini, S.; Degruyter, W.; Rossi, E.; Silvestri, M.; Biale, E.; Carparelli, G.; et al. Near-Real-Time Tephra Fallout Assessment at Mt. Etna, Italy. Remote Sens. 2019, 11, 2987. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242987

AMA Style

Scollo S, Prestifilippo M, Bonadonna C, Cioni R, Corradini S, Degruyter W, Rossi E, Silvestri M, Biale E, Carparelli G, et al. Near-Real-Time Tephra Fallout Assessment at Mt. Etna, Italy. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11(24):2987. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242987

Chicago/Turabian Style

Scollo, Simona, Michele Prestifilippo, Costanza Bonadonna, Raffaello Cioni, Stefano Corradini, Wim Degruyter, Eduardo Rossi, Malvina Silvestri, Emilio Biale, Giuseppe Carparelli, and et al. 2019. "Near-Real-Time Tephra Fallout Assessment at Mt. Etna, Italy" Remote Sensing 11, no. 24: 2987. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242987

APA Style

Scollo, S., Prestifilippo, M., Bonadonna, C., Cioni, R., Corradini, S., Degruyter, W., Rossi, E., Silvestri, M., Biale, E., Carparelli, G., Cassisi, C., Merucci, L., Musacchio, M., & Pecora, E. (2019). Near-Real-Time Tephra Fallout Assessment at Mt. Etna, Italy. Remote Sensing, 11(24), 2987. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242987

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