Real-Time Parameter Estimation of a Dual-Pol Radar Rain Rate Estimator Using the Extended Kalman Filter
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Rain Rate Estimator of the Dual-Pol Radar
2.2. Kalman Filter
2.3. Extended Kalman Filter
3. Derivation of the Model
3.1. State-Space Model for Dual-Pol Radar Rain Rate Estimator
3.2. Error Covariance and Initial Condition of the Extended Kalman Filter
4. Application, Results, and Discussion
4.1. Study Area and Data
4.1.1. Radar and Rain Gauges Located at Study Area
4.1.2. Rain Gauge and the Corresponding Radar Data for the Storm Events Used in This Study
4.2. Case of Shinpo Rain Gauge (No. 936) and the Corresponding Radar Data for the Event Occurred in 2016
4.2.1. Initial Condition and Result
4.2.2. Comparison with the Least Squares Method
4.2.3. Radar Rain Rate vs. Ground Rain Rate
4.3. Case of Considering All Rain Gauges and the Corresponding Radar Data
5. Summary and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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References | Parameters | ||
---|---|---|---|
A | b | c | |
Chandrasekar and Bringi (1988) [41] | −26.20 | 0.94 | −1.08 |
Aydin et al. (1989) [42] | −26.78 | 0.96 | −1.17 |
Chandrasekar et al. (1990) [43] | −27.03 | 0.97 | −1.08 |
Aydin and Giridhar (1992) [44] | −26.25 | 0.95 | −1.17 |
Gorgucci et al. (1995) [45] | −20.00 | 0.92 | −0.37 |
Bringi and Chandrasekar (2001) [46] | −21.74 | 0.71 | −3.43 |
Ryzhkov et al. (2005) [47] | −17.99 | 0.74 | −1.03 |
Lee (2006) [48] | −24.79 | 0.94 | −1.13 |
Cifelli et al. (2011) [49] | −21.74 | 0.93 | −3.43 |
WRC (2014) [50] | −20.91 | 0.91 | −4.25 |
Kwon et al. (2015) [51] | −22.10 | 0.95 | −5.55 |
Zhang et al. (2018) [52] | −20.76 | 0.93 | −0.41 |
Steps | Kalman Filter | Extended Kalman Filter |
---|---|---|
Initial values | , , , | , , , |
State estimate prediction | ||
State estimate error covariance prediction | ||
Kalman gain | ||
State estimate update | ||
State estimate error covariance update |
No. | Duration | Type | Total Rainfall (mm) | Maximum Rainfall Intensity (mm/h) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1–6 July 2016 | Frontal | 177.8 | 10.4 |
2 | 25–28 August 2018 | Typhoon | 190.1 | 13.1 |
3 | 1–3 October 2019 | Typhoon | 203.9 | 22.8 |
4 | 22–25 July 2020 | Frontal | 167.8 | 12.8 |
No. | Year | EKF | Chandrasekar and Bringi (1988) [41] | Chandrasekar et al. (1990) [43] | Lee (2006) [48] | Kwon et al. (2015) [51] | LSM |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2016 | 1.02 | 5.06 | 4.70 | 5.00 | 3.96 | 1.07 |
2 | 2018 | 1.04 | 3.08 | 2.91 | 2.34 | 1.23 | 0.95 |
3 | 2019 | 1.00 | 5.99 | 5.62 | 4.96 | 9.45 | 1.04 |
4 | 2020 | 0.97 | 3.77 | 3.67 | 2.75 | 1.85 | 1.04 |
Mean | 1.01 | 4.27 | 4.02 | 3.48 | 2.48 | 1.02 |
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Na, W.; Yoo, C. Real-Time Parameter Estimation of a Dual-Pol Radar Rain Rate Estimator Using the Extended Kalman Filter. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 2365. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122365
Na W, Yoo C. Real-Time Parameter Estimation of a Dual-Pol Radar Rain Rate Estimator Using the Extended Kalman Filter. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13(12):2365. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122365
Chicago/Turabian StyleNa, Wooyoung, and Chulsang Yoo. 2021. "Real-Time Parameter Estimation of a Dual-Pol Radar Rain Rate Estimator Using the Extended Kalman Filter" Remote Sensing 13, no. 12: 2365. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122365