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Remote Sensing
Volume 14
Issue 24
10.3390/rs14246401
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Article

Effects of Inter- and Intra-Specific Interactions on Moose Habitat Selection Limited by Temperature

by
Heng Bao
1,2,†,
Penghui Zhai
1,2,†,
Dusu Wen
1,2,
Weihua Zhang
3,
Ye Li
3,
Feifei Yang
1,2,
Xin Liang
1,2,
Fan Yang
1,2,
Nathan J. Roberts
1,2,
Yanchun Xu
1,2 and
Guangshun Jiang
1,2,*
1
Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
2
Research Center for Northeast Asia Biodiversity Conservation, Harbin 150040, China
3
Inner Mongolia Hanma National Nature Reserve, Genhe, Hulunbuir 022359, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Remote Sens. 2022, 14(24), 6401; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246401
Submission received: 13 October 2022 / Revised: 4 December 2022 / Accepted: 15 December 2022 / Published: 19 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Camera Trapping for Animal Ecology and Conservation)
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Abstract

Habitat selection and daily activity patterns of large herbivores might be affected by inter- and intra-specific interaction, changes of spatial scale, and seasonal temperature. To reveal what factors were driving the habitat selection of moose, we collected moose (Alces alces) and roe deer (Capreolus pygargus bedfordi) occurrence data, analyzed the multi-scale habitat selection and daily activity patterns of moose, and quantified the effects of spatial heterogeneity distribution of temperature, as well as the occurrence of roe deer on these habitat selection processes. Our results suggested that moose and roe deer distribution spatially overlap and that moose habitat selection is especially sensitive to landscape variables at large scales. We also found that the activity patterns of both sexes of moose had a degree of temporal separation with roe deer. In the snow-free season, temperatures drove moose habitat selection to be limited by threshold temperatures of 17 °C; in the snowy season, there were no similar temperature driving patterns, due to the severe cold environment. The daily activity patterns of moose showed seasonal change, and were more active at dawn and nightfall to avoid heat pressure during the snow-free season, but more active in the daytime for cold adaptation to the snow season. Consequently, this study provides new insights on how the comprehensive effects of environmental change and inter- and intra- specific relationships influence the habitat selection and daily activity patterns of moose and other heat sensitive animals with global warming.
Keywords: camera trapping; habitat selection; inter and intra-specific relationships; spatial scale; temperature camera trapping; habitat selection; inter and intra-specific relationships; spatial scale; temperature
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MDPI and ACS Style

Bao, H.; Zhai, P.; Wen, D.; Zhang, W.; Li, Y.; Yang, F.; Liang, X.; Yang, F.; Roberts, N.J.; Xu, Y.; et al. Effects of Inter- and Intra-Specific Interactions on Moose Habitat Selection Limited by Temperature. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 6401. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246401

AMA Style

Bao H, Zhai P, Wen D, Zhang W, Li Y, Yang F, Liang X, Yang F, Roberts NJ, Xu Y, et al. Effects of Inter- and Intra-Specific Interactions on Moose Habitat Selection Limited by Temperature. Remote Sensing. 2022; 14(24):6401. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246401

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bao, Heng, Penghui Zhai, Dusu Wen, Weihua Zhang, Ye Li, Feifei Yang, Xin Liang, Fan Yang, Nathan J. Roberts, Yanchun Xu, and et al. 2022. "Effects of Inter- and Intra-Specific Interactions on Moose Habitat Selection Limited by Temperature" Remote Sensing 14, no. 24: 6401. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246401

APA Style

Bao, H., Zhai, P., Wen, D., Zhang, W., Li, Y., Yang, F., Liang, X., Yang, F., Roberts, N. J., Xu, Y., & Jiang, G. (2022). Effects of Inter- and Intra-Specific Interactions on Moose Habitat Selection Limited by Temperature. Remote Sensing, 14(24), 6401. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246401

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