Climatic and Anthropogenic Contributions to Vegetation Changes in Guangdong Province of South China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Preparation
2.2.1. NDVI Data
2.2.2. Climate Data
2.2.3. Eco-Region Data
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. Theil–Sen Median Trend Analysis with a Mann–Kendall Significance Test
2.3.2. Linear Regression Analysis
2.3.3. Partial Correlation Analysis
2.3.4. Residual Trend Analysis
2.3.5. Relative Contribution under Various Scenarios
3. Results
3.1. Spatiotemporal Changes in the NDVI and Climatic Variables
3.2. Relationships between Climatic Variables and the NDVI
3.3. Contributions of Climate Variations and Human Activities to NDVI Change
4. Discussion
4.1. Vegetation Trends and Their Climatic Drivers
4.2. The Dominant Role of Anthropogenic Activities in Vegetation Change
4.3. Uncertainties and Challenges
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sx | Z | Trend Magnitude |
---|---|---|
Sx > 0 | |Z| > 1.96 | Significant increase |
Sx > 0 | |Z| ≤ 1.96 | Slight increase |
Sx < 0 | |Z| > 1.96 | Significant decrease |
Sx < 0 | |Z| ≤ 1.96 | Slight decrease |
Vegetation Trend | Scenario | Relative Contribution (%) | Contribution Classification | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
slopepre | sloperes | Climate Change | Human Activity | ||
Increase | >0 | <0 | 100 | 0 | Climate change induced vegetation improvement (CI). |
(slopeobs > 0) | <0 | >0 | 0 | 100 | Human activities induced vegetation improvement (HI). |
>0 | >0 | Both climate change and human activities induced vegetation improvement (BI). | |||
Decrease | <0 | >0 | 100 | 0 | Climate change induced vegetation degradation (CD). |
(slopeobs < 0) | >0 | <0 | 0 | 100 | Human activities induced vegetation degradation (HD) |
<0 | <0 | Both climate change and human activities induced vegetation degradation (BD) |
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Geng, S.; Zhou, X.; Zhang, H.; Yang, L.; Sun, Z.; Yan, X.; Liu, M. Climatic and Anthropogenic Contributions to Vegetation Changes in Guangdong Province of South China. Remote Sens. 2023, 15, 5377. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15225377
Geng S, Zhou X, Zhang H, Yang L, Sun Z, Yan X, Liu M. Climatic and Anthropogenic Contributions to Vegetation Changes in Guangdong Province of South China. Remote Sensing. 2023; 15(22):5377. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15225377
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeng, Shoubao, Xia Zhou, Huamin Zhang, Long Yang, Zhongyu Sun, Xiqin Yan, and Meijie Liu. 2023. "Climatic and Anthropogenic Contributions to Vegetation Changes in Guangdong Province of South China" Remote Sensing 15, no. 22: 5377. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15225377