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Open AccessArticle
Ionograms Trace Extraction Method Based on Multiscale Transformer Network
by
Sijia Han
Sijia Han 1,2,
Wei Guo
Wei Guo 1,* and
Caiyun Wang
Caiyun Wang 1
1
Key Laboratory of Microwave Remote Sensing Technology, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100040, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(15), 2697; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16152697 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 18 June 2024
/
Revised: 20 July 2024
/
Accepted: 22 July 2024
/
Published: 23 July 2024
Abstract
The echo traces in the ionograms contain key information about the ionosphere. Therefore, the accurate extraction of these traces is crucial for the subsequent work. This paper transforms the original signal processing problem into a semantic segmentation task, combines it with the currently popular deep learning techniques, and proposes a multiscale Transformer network to achieve pixel-level trace extraction. To train the proposed model, we built a dataset by discretizing the original echo data, labeling, and other preprocessing work. A series of advanced semantic segmentation networks are utilized for comparative experiments. The analysis of the results indicates that the proposed network excels in performance, achieving the highest scores on key semantic segmentation evaluation metrics, including mIoU, Kappa, Dice, and AUC-ROC. In addition, this paper also designs a series of ablation experiments to observe the changes in network performance and to evaluate the rationality of the network design. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the network in the trace extraction task, which plays a positive role in the subsequent electron density reversal work.
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Han, S.; Guo, W.; Wang, C.
Ionograms Trace Extraction Method Based on Multiscale Transformer Network. Remote Sens. 2024, 16, 2697.
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16152697
AMA Style
Han S, Guo W, Wang C.
Ionograms Trace Extraction Method Based on Multiscale Transformer Network. Remote Sensing. 2024; 16(15):2697.
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16152697
Chicago/Turabian Style
Han, Sijia, Wei Guo, and Caiyun Wang.
2024. "Ionograms Trace Extraction Method Based on Multiscale Transformer Network" Remote Sensing 16, no. 15: 2697.
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16152697
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