Deep-Seated Landslide and Rockfalls Threatening the Village of Pietracamela in Central Italy: Deciphering Phenomena from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar and Point Cloud Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Field Borehole Analysis
3.2. UAV Surveys and Geomechanical Analyses
3.3. DInSAR
- Analysis of displacements from 1992 to 2014 was undertaken through the C and X-band interferometric data acquired from the ERS1/2, ENVISAT, and COSMO-SkyMed constellations, available within the Not-ordinary Plan of Environmental Remote Sensing (Piano Straordinario di Telerilevamento Ambientale, PST-A in Italian) [33,34,35,36], funded by the Italian Ministry of the Environment (MoE);
- The observation window for displacement rates has then been extended up to 2019 (with a gap from 2014 to 2016) through an additional 195 SAR images from the SENTINEL-1 acquired in the framework of the COPERNICUS project of ESA. To ensure continuity with respect to previous data (available in descending geometry), only descending images have been processed. Such processing has been carried out by SUBSIDENCE (v. 28.3.0) software, which implements the Coherent Pixel Technique—Temporal Phase Coherence (CPT-TPC) approach and was developed at the Remote Sensing Laboratory (RSLab) of the Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya of Barcelona. CPT-TPC has been used to obtain ground displacements from satellite radar images. A detailed description of the whole algorithm can be found in Mora et al. [37] and Iglesias et al. [38].
4. Results
4.1. Boreholes Data and Thematic Maps Interpretation
4.2. UAV and Geomechanical Analysis
4.3. DInSAR Analysis
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Set | Dip | Dip Direction |
---|---|---|
J1 | 88 | 179 |
J2 | 88 | 087 |
J3 | 89 | 300 |
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Francioni, M.; Calcaterra, D.; Di Martire, D.; Guerriero, L.; Scarascia Mugnozza, G.; Sciarra, N. Deep-Seated Landslide and Rockfalls Threatening the Village of Pietracamela in Central Italy: Deciphering Phenomena from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar and Point Cloud Analysis. Remote Sens. 2024, 16, 3151. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173151
Francioni M, Calcaterra D, Di Martire D, Guerriero L, Scarascia Mugnozza G, Sciarra N. Deep-Seated Landslide and Rockfalls Threatening the Village of Pietracamela in Central Italy: Deciphering Phenomena from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar and Point Cloud Analysis. Remote Sensing. 2024; 16(17):3151. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173151
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancioni, Mirko, Domenico Calcaterra, Diego Di Martire, Luigi Guerriero, Gabriele Scarascia Mugnozza, and Nicola Sciarra. 2024. "Deep-Seated Landslide and Rockfalls Threatening the Village of Pietracamela in Central Italy: Deciphering Phenomena from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar and Point Cloud Analysis" Remote Sensing 16, no. 17: 3151. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173151