A Method to Analyze the Potential of Optical Remote Sensing for Benthic Habitat Mapping
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Acronym | Definition |
---|---|
BA | Brown Algae |
CSE | Spectral covariance matrix pertaining to NEΔrrs |
GA | Green algae |
HDC | Hierarchical clustering using linear Discriminant Coordinates |
HICO | Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean |
LDA | Linear Discriminant Analysis |
NEΔrrs | Sensor-environmental noise equivalent perturbation of rrs |
RMSE | Root mean square error |
RA | Red algae |
SA | Semianalytical shallow water forward model |
SD | Sediment |
SG | Seagrass |
SRF | Spectral response function |
WV2 | WorldView-2 |
ZSD | Secchi Depth (m) |
G | Absorption coefficient of colored dissolved and detrital matter at 440 nm |
H | Geometric depth of the water column |
κ | Attenuation coefficient |
k | Number of benthic classes |
n | Number of wavebands |
ρb | Benthic irradiance reflectance |
P | Absorption coefficient of phytoplankton at 440 nm |
rrs | Subsurface remote sensing reflectance |
s | Number of LD eigenvectors |
τm | Proportion of misclassified Linear Discriminant Functions between a pair of classes |
X | Backscattering coefficient of suspended particles at 550 nm |
2. Methods
2.1. Benthic Reflectance Library
Genera | Species |
---|---|
Brown alga (BA) | Sargassum linearifolium Sargassum spinuligerum Ecklonia radiata Colpomenia sinuosa |
Red alga (RA) | Asparagopsis armata Hypnea ramentacea Ballia sp. Amphiroa anceps Euptilota articulata Ballia callitrichia Metagoniolithon stelliferum on rubble |
Green alga (GA) | Ulva australis Entermorpha sp. Codium duthieae Caulerpa germinata Caulerpa flexis Bryopsis vestita |
Seagrass (SG) | Amphibolis antartica Posidonia sp. on sediment |
Sand/sediment (SD) | Sediment Sediment/Rubble Rocks with encrusting red coralline algae |
2.2. Clustering
2.2.1. Measure of Interclass Overlap
2.2.2. Hierarchical Clustering Using Linear Discriminant Coordinates (HDC)
2.2.3. Depth and Water Column Specific Spectral Libraries
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Hierarchical Clustering of Benthic Irradiance Reflectance Spectra
3.2. Water-Column Specific Benthic Spectral Libraries
3.3. Resolving Seagrass Species from Algae
3.4. Implications to Shallow Water Habitat Mapping
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Garcia, R.A.; Hedley, J.D.; Tin, H.C.; Fearns, P.R.C.S. A Method to Analyze the Potential of Optical Remote Sensing for Benthic Habitat Mapping. Remote Sens. 2015, 7, 13157-13189. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71013157
Garcia RA, Hedley JD, Tin HC, Fearns PRCS. A Method to Analyze the Potential of Optical Remote Sensing for Benthic Habitat Mapping. Remote Sensing. 2015; 7(10):13157-13189. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71013157
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarcia, Rodrigo A., John D. Hedley, Hoang C. Tin, and Peter R. C. S. Fearns. 2015. "A Method to Analyze the Potential of Optical Remote Sensing for Benthic Habitat Mapping" Remote Sensing 7, no. 10: 13157-13189. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71013157