Inundations in the Inner Niger Delta: Monitoring and Analysis Using MODIS and Global Precipitation Datasets
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Floods over the IND
3. Data Sets and Methodologies
3.1. Datasets
3.1.1. Preamble
3.1.2. MODIS
- Band 1: 620–670 nm.
- Band 2: 841–876 nm.
- Band 3: 459–479 nm.
- Band 4: 545–565 nm.
- Band 5: 1230–1250 nm.
- Band 6: 1628–1652 nm.
- Band 7: 2107–2155 nm.
3.1.3. Rainfall Data
- Maps of monthly average climatology, and monthly and yearly anomalies.
- Time series for total precipitation over both rivers on the upstream part of the IND including the IND.
- EOF spatio-temporal modes for 14 years of data over the ROI.
3.2. Methodology to Detect Water over the IND with MODIS and Validation
Index | Open Water | Mix Water/Dry Land | Aquatic Vegetation | Vegetation | Dry Land |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Band 5 | <1200 | >1200 & <2700 | >1200 & <2700 | >2700 | >2700 |
NDVI | No Test | <0.4 | >0.4 | >0.4 | <0.4 |
- A synthetic map of ROI with classification obtained from MODIS images every 8 days.
- A map representing the average flood duration (in days) over the whole ROI, annual maps of flood duration anomalies with respect to average duration, and the Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs, see Section 4.3) providing the spatio-temporal modes for each of the classes over the whole ROI.
- Evolution in time of the surface area of each class over the whole ROI.
4. Results and Interpretation
4.1. Land Surface Classification over the IND
4.1.1. Mean Annual Flooding over the IND
- The inundated surface is shallow.
- The vertical topography slope of the IND is small.
- Downstream water flow is probably slower due to the presence of vegetation.
4.1.2. Inter-Annual Variability of Floods over the IND
4.2. Rainfall
4.2.1. Seasonal Rainfall over West Africa
4.2.2. Rainfall Inter-Annual Variability
4.3. Links between Rainfall and Floods over the IND
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bergé-Nguyen, M.; Crétaux, J.-F. Inundations in the Inner Niger Delta: Monitoring and Analysis Using MODIS and Global Precipitation Datasets. Remote Sens. 2015, 7, 2127-2151. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70202127
Bergé-Nguyen M, Crétaux J-F. Inundations in the Inner Niger Delta: Monitoring and Analysis Using MODIS and Global Precipitation Datasets. Remote Sensing. 2015; 7(2):2127-2151. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70202127
Chicago/Turabian StyleBergé-Nguyen, Muriel, and Jean-François Crétaux. 2015. "Inundations in the Inner Niger Delta: Monitoring and Analysis Using MODIS and Global Precipitation Datasets" Remote Sensing 7, no. 2: 2127-2151. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70202127