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Article

An Improved Spectrum Model for Sea Surface Radar Backscattering at L-Band

1
The Key Laboratory for Earth Observation of Hainan Province, Sanya 572029, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
3
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2017, 9(8), 776; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9080776
Submission received: 22 June 2017 / Revised: 24 July 2017 / Accepted: 27 July 2017 / Published: 29 July 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Radar)

Abstract

L-band active microwave remote sensing is one of the most important technical methods of ocean environmental monitoring and dynamic parameter retrieval. Recently, a unique negative upwind-crosswind (NUC) asymmetry of L-band ocean backscatter over a low wind speed range was observed. To study the directional features of L-band ocean surface backscattering, a new directional spectrum model is proposed and built into the advanced integral equation method (AIEM). This spectrum combines Apel’s omnidirectional spectrum and an improved empirical angular spreading function (ASF). The coefficients in the ASF were determined by the fitting of radar observations so that it provides a better description of wave directionality, especially over wavenumber ranges from short-gravity waves to capillary waves. Based on the improved spectrum and the AIEM scattering model, L-band NUC asymmetry at low wind speeds and positive upwind-crosswind (PUC) asymmetry at higher wind speeds are simulated successfully. The model outputs are validated against Aquarius/SAC-D observations under different incidence angles, azimuth angles and wind speed conditions.
Keywords: sea surface; scattering; L-band; radar remote sensing; wave spectra sea surface; scattering; L-band; radar remote sensing; wave spectra
Graphical Abstract

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MDPI and ACS Style

Du, Y.; Yang, X.; Chen, K.-S.; Ma, W.; Li, Z. An Improved Spectrum Model for Sea Surface Radar Backscattering at L-Band. Remote Sens. 2017, 9, 776. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9080776

AMA Style

Du Y, Yang X, Chen K-S, Ma W, Li Z. An Improved Spectrum Model for Sea Surface Radar Backscattering at L-Band. Remote Sensing. 2017; 9(8):776. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9080776

Chicago/Turabian Style

Du, Yanlei, Xiaofeng Yang, Kun-Shan Chen, Wentao Ma, and Ziwei Li. 2017. "An Improved Spectrum Model for Sea Surface Radar Backscattering at L-Band" Remote Sensing 9, no. 8: 776. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9080776

APA Style

Du, Y., Yang, X., Chen, K.-S., Ma, W., & Li, Z. (2017). An Improved Spectrum Model for Sea Surface Radar Backscattering at L-Band. Remote Sensing, 9(8), 776. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9080776

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