Anthropometric Status among 6–9-Year-Old School Children in Rural Areas in Hai Phong City, Vietnam
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Schools Selection and Recruitment
2.3. Participants and Recruitment
2.4. Anthropometric Measures
2.5. Socioeconomic Data
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants
3.2. Prevalence of Undernutrition and Overnutrition, and Associations between Anthropometric Indicators and Sociodemographic Factors
4. Discussion
4.1. Prevalence of Undernutrition and Overnutrition
4.2. Associations between Sociodemographic Factors and Anthropometric Indicators
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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All Children | N (2334) | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | Girls | 1179 | 50.5 |
Boys | 1155 | 49.5 | |
Age (months) | 69 to <82 | 773 | 33.2 |
82 to <93 | 806 | 34.6 | |
93 to ≤108 | 752 | 32.3 | |
Mother’s current employment status | Self-employed | 204 | 12.4 |
Employed full time | 342 | 20.8 | |
Farmer | 970 | 58.9 | |
Unemployed | 131 | 8.0 | |
Mother’s education level | Above high school | 465 | 28.1 |
High school | 554 | 33.5 | |
Below high school | 633 | 38.3 | |
Monthly household income (million VND) | <4.1 | 255 | 16.1 |
4.1 to <8 | 501 | 31.6 | |
8 to <11 | 624 | 39.3 | |
≥11 | 207 | 13.0 | |
Subgroups of anthropometric failure b | No anthropometric failure a | 2053 | 88.1 |
Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure | 277 | 11.9 | |
Wasting only | 60 | 2.6 | |
Wasting + underweight | 51 | 2.2 | |
Wasting + stunting + underweight | 13 | 0.6 | |
Stunting + underweight | 74 | 3.2 | |
Stunting only | 31 | 1.3 | |
Underweight only | 48 | 2.1 |
Raw Estimates | Univariate Analysis a | Multivariate Analysis b (N = 1574) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (N) | Underweight N (%) | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | Overall p-Value c | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | Overall p-Value c | ||
All children | 2330 | 186 (8.0) | |||||||
Sex | Girls (reference) | 1177 | 91 (7.7) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Boys | 1153 | 95 (8.2) | 1.07 (0.79,1.45) | 0.648 | 0.97 (0.67, 1.42) | 0.878 | |||
Age (months) | 69 to <82 (reference) | 773 | 57 (7.4) | 1 | 0.434 | 1 | 0.557 | ||
82 to <93 | 806 | 62 (7.7) | 1.09 (0.75, 1.59) | 0.656 | 0.97 (0.60, 1.57) | 0.897 | |||
93 to ≤108 | 752 | 67 (8.9) | 1. 27 (0.88, 1.85) | 0.207 | 1.22 (0.77, 1.93) | 0.398 | |||
Mother’s current employment status | Self-employed (reference) | 204 | 28 (13.7) | 1 | 0.002 | 1 | 0.229 | ||
Employed full time | 341 | 20 (5.9) | 0.39 (0.21, 0.72) | 0.002 | 0.52 (0.27, 1.00) | 0.052 | |||
Farmer | 969 | 65 (6.7) | 0.45 (0.28, 0.72) | 0.001 | 0.67 (0.38, 1.19) | 0.182 | |||
Unemployed | 131 | 15 (11.5) | 0.81 (0.42, 1.59) | 0.544 | 0.90 (0.43, 1.89) | 0.785 | |||
Mother’s education level | Above high school (reference) | 465 | 16 (3.4) | 1 | 0.008 | 1 | <0.001 | ||
High school | 553 | 33 (6.0) | 1.28 (0.66, 2.50) | 0.469 | 1.69 (0.90, 3.18) | 0.108 | |||
Below high school | 632 | 80 (12.6) | 2.32 (1.27, 4.24) | <0.001 | 3.60 (1.95, 6.64) | <0.001 | |||
Monthly household income (million VND) | <4.1 (reference) | 254 | 24 (9.1) | 1 | 0.060 | 1 | 0.073 | ||
4.1 to <8 | 501 | 41 (8.2) | 0.86 (0.51, 1.46) | 0.575 | 1.12 (0.64, 1.94) | 0.708 | |||
8 to <11 | 623 | 51 (8.2) | 0.86 (0.52, 1.42) | 0.551 | 1.67 (0.93, 3.00) | 0.087 | |||
≥11 | 207 | 6 (2.9) | 0.29 (0.12, 0.72) | 0.008 | 0.66 (0.25, 1.75) | 0.402 |
Raw Estimates | Univariate Analysis a | Multivariate Analysis b (N = 1570) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (N) | Stunting N (%) | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | Overall p-Value c | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | Overall p-Value c | ||
All children | 2327 | 118 (5.1) | |||||||
Sex | Girls (reference) | 1175 | 54 (4.6) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Boys | 1152 | 64 (5.6) | 1.22 (0.84, 1.77) | 0.295 | 1.30 (0.82, 2.05) | 0.267 | |||
Age (months) | 69 to <82 (reference) | 773 | 34 (4.4) | 1 | 0.117 | 1 | 0.100 | ||
82 to <93 | 806 | 36 (4.5) | 1.03 (0.64, 1.68) | 0.893 | 1.12 (0.61, 2.05) | 0.713 | |||
93 to ≤108 | 752 | 48 (6.4) | 1.52 (0.96, 2.41) | 0.072 | 1.77 (1.00, 3.13) | 0.052 | |||
Mother’s current employment status | Self-employed (reference) | 204 | 15 (7.4) | 1 | 0.265 | 1 | 0.594 | ||
Employed full time | 340 | 14 (4.1) | 0.53 (0.25, 1.13) | 0.103 | 0.63 (0.27, 1.43) | 0.267 | |||
Farmer | 968 | 45 (4.6) | 0.61 (0.33, 1.11) | 0.109 | 0.77 (0.37, 1.59) | 0.477 | |||
Unemployed | 131 | 9 (6.9) | 0.89 (0.37, 2.13) | 0.791 | 1.07 (0.44, 2.66) | 0.882 | |||
Mother’s education level | Above high school (reference) | 465 | 15 (3.2) | 1 | 0.008 | 1 | 0.055 | ||
High school | 553 | 23 (4.2) | 1.28 (0.66, 2.49) | 0.471 | 1.18 (0.59, 2.37) | 0.647 | |||
Below high school | 630 | 45 (7.1) | 2.31 (1.26, 4.22) | 0.007 | 2.05 (1.03, 4.04) | 0.040 | |||
Monthly household income (million VND) | <4.1 (reference) | 254 | 13 (5.1) | 1 | 0.202 | 1 | 0.143 | ||
4.1 to <8 | 500 | 27 (5.4) | 1.03 (0.52, 2.05) | 0.930 | 1.28 (0.63, 2.62) | 0.498 | |||
8 to <11 | 622 | 36 (5.8) | 1.10 (0.57, 2.13) | 0.778 | 1.74 (0.82, 3.70) | 0.146 | |||
≥11 | 207 | 4 (1.9) | 0.35 (0.11, 1.07) | 0.074 | 0.60 (0.18, 2.04) | 0.417 |
Raw Estimates | Univariate Analysis a | Multivariate Analysis b (N = 1570) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (N) | Wasting N (%) | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | overall p-Value c | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | Overall p-Value c | ||
All children | 2327 | 124 (5.3) | |||||||
Sex | Girls (reference) | 1175 | 65 (5.5) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Boys | 1152 | 59 (5.1) | 0.92 (0.64, 1.32) | 0.656 | 1.30 (0.82, 2.05) | 0.267 | |||
Age (months) | 69 to <82 (reference) | 773 | 37 (4.8) | 1 | 0.209 | 1 | 0.500 | ||
82 to <93 | 806 | 38 (4.7) | 0.99 (0.62, 1.58) | 0.966 | 0.76 (0.43, 1.35) | 0.351 | |||
93 to ≤108 | 752 | 49 (6.5) | 1.39 (0.89, 2.17) | 0.143 | 1.05 (0.61, 1.81) | 0.851 | |||
Mother’s current employment status | Self-employed (reference) | 204 | 17 (8.3) | 1 | 0.234 | 1 | 0.592 | ||
Employed full time | 340 | 17 (5.0) | 0.58 (0.29, 1.16) | 0.126 | 0.94 (0.44, 2.04) | 0.885 | |||
Farmer | 968 | 46 (4.7) | 0.55 (0.31, 0.98) | 0.042 | 0.99 (0.50, 2.00) | 0.998 | |||
Unemployed | 131 | 7 (5.3) | 0.62 (0.25, 1.54) | 0.304 | 0.49 (0.15, 1.54) | 0.222 | |||
Mother’s education level | Above high school (reference) | 465 | 14 (3.0) | 1 | 0.008 | 1 | 0.250 | ||
High school | 553 | 27 (4.9) | 1.65 (0.86, 3.19) | 0.134 | 1.42 (0.71, 2.83) | 0.317 | |||
Below high school | 630 | 46 (7.3) | 2.54 (1.38, 4.68) | 0.003 | 1.80 (0.90, 3.63) | 0.098 | |||
Monthly household income (million VND) | <4.1 (reference) | 254 | 19 (7.5) | 1 | 0.031 | 1 | 0.227 | ||
4.1 to <8 | 500 | 32 (6.4) | 0.85 (0.47, 1.53) | 0.582 | 0.94 (0.51, 1.75) | 0.853 | |||
8 to <11 | 622 | 22 (3.5) | 0.45 (0.24, 0.85) | 0.014 | 0.54 (0.27, 1.12) | 0.098 | |||
≥11 | 207 | 7 (3.3) | 0.43 (0.18, 1.05) | 0.064 | 0.56 (0.22, 1.48) | 0.243 |
Raw Estimates | Univariate Analysis a | Multivariate Analysis b (N = 1572) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total(N) | Failure c N (%) | OR (95%CI) | p-Value | Overall p-Value d | OR (95%CI) | p-Value | Overall p-Value d | ||
All children | 2330 | 277 (11.9) | |||||||
Sex | Girls (reference) | 1177 | 134 (11.4) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Boys | 1153 | 143 (12.4) | 1.09 (0.85, 1.40) | 0.499 | 1.08 (0.79, 1.48) | 0.612 | |||
Age (months) | 69 to <82 (reference) | 773 | 78 (10.1) | 1 | 0.005 | 1 | 0.068 | ||
82 to <93 | 806 | 87 (10.8) | 1.12 (0.81, 1.55) | 0.509 | 1.02 (0.68, 1.53) | 0.919 | |||
93 to ≤108 | 752 | 112 (14.9) | 1.61 (1.18, 2.21) | 0.003 | 1.48 (1.01, 2.17) | 0.044 | |||
Mother’s current employment status | Self-employed (reference) | 204 | 36 (17.7) | 1 | 0.028 | 1 | 0.623 | ||
Employed full time | 341 | 34 (10.0) | 0.52 (0.31, 0.86) | 0.010 | 0.69 (0.40, 1.20) | 0.174 | |||
Farmer | 969 | 104 (10.7) | 0.56 (0.37, 0.85) | 0.006 | 0.82 (0.50, 1.34) | 0.427 | |||
Unemployed | 131 | 19 (14.5) | 0.79 (0.43, 1.45) | 0.449 | 0.82 (0.42, 1.59) | 0.548 | |||
Mother’s education level | Above high school (reference) | 465 | 34 (7.3) | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | 0.004 | ||
High school | 553 | 55 (10.0) | 1.40 (0.89, 2.18) | 0.142 | 1.21 (0.76, 1.94) | 0.423 | |||
Below high school | 632 | 105 (16.6) | 2.53 (1.68, 3.79) | <0.001 | 2.00 (1.26, 3.19) | 0.004 | |||
Monthly household income (million VND) | <4.1 (reference) | 254 | 35 (13.8) | 1 | 0.019 | 1 | 0.313 | ||
4.1 to <8 | 501 | 70 (14.0) | 1.02 (0.66, 1.58) | 0.918 | 1.24 (0.78, 1.96) | 0.366 | |||
8 to <11 | 623 | 66 (10.6) | 0.74 (0.48, 1.15) | 0.185 | 1.11 (0.67, 1.82) | 0.687 | |||
≥11 | 207 | 13 (6.3) | 0.42 (0.22, 0.82) | 0.011 | 0.69 (0.34, 1.42) | 0.315 |
Raw Estimates | Univariate Analysis a | Multivariate Analysis b (N = 1570) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total(N) | Overweight/Obesity N (%) | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | Overall p-Value c | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | Overall p-Value c | ||
All children | 2327 | 514 (22.1) | |||||||
Sex | Girls (reference) | 1175 | 201 (17.1) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Boys | 1152 | 313 (27.2) | 1.83 (1.50, 2.25) | <0.001 | 2.04 (1.58, 2.61) | <0.001 | |||
Age (months) | 69 to <82 (reference) | 773 | 150 (19.5) | 1 | 0.146 | 1 | 0.071 | ||
82 to <93 | 806 | 197 (24.5) | 1.28 (1.00, 1.63) | 0.050 | 1.41 (1.05, 1.90) | 0.023 | |||
93 to ≤108 | 752 | 167 (22.2) | 1.16 (0.90, 1.49) | 0.253 | 1.16 (0.84, 1.60) | 0.368 | |||
Mother’s current employment status | Self-employed (reference) | 204 | 29 (14.2) | 1 | 0.022 | 1 | 0.647 | ||
Employed full time | 340 | 82 (24.1) | 1.80 (1.12, 2.88) | 0.015 | 1.19 (0.70, 2.03) | 0.528 | |||
Farmer | 968 | 221 (22.8) | 1.66 (1.09, 2.55) | 0.020 | 0.97 (0.59, 1.62) | 0.920 | |||
Unemployed | 131 | 20 (15.3) | 1.02 (0.54, 1.88) | 0.959 | 0.96 (0.49, 1.87) | 0.894 | |||
Mother’s education level | Above high school (reference) | 465 | 147 (31.6) | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 | ||
High school | 553 | 117 (21.2) | 0.58 (0.44, 0.77) | <0.001 | 0.59 (0.44, 0.81) | 0.001 | |||
Below high school | 630 | 89 (14.1) | 0.36 (0.26, 0.48) | <0.001 | 0.37 (0.26, 0.53) | <0.001 | |||
Monthly household income (million VND) | <4.1 (reference) | 254 | 37 (14.6) | 1 | 0.003 | 1 | 0.561 | ||
4.1 to <8 | 500 | 92 (18.4) | 1.31 (0.86, 1.99) | 0.208 | 1.12 (0.72, 1.73) | 0.620 | |||
8 to <11 | 622 | 154 (24.8) | 1.86 (1.25, 2.78) | 0.002 | 1.30 (0.84, 2.02) | 0.239 | |||
≥11 | 207 | 56 (27.1) | 2.02 (1.25, 3.26) | 0.004 | 1.35 (0.80, 2.27) | 0.256 |
Raw Estimates | Univariate Analysis a | Multivariate Analysis b (N = 1570) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (N) | Mean | SE | β (95% CI) | p-Value | Overall p-Value c | β (95% CI) | p-Value | Overall p-Value c | ||
All children | 2327 | −0.103 | 0.029 | |||||||
Sex | Girls (reference) | 1175 | −0.293 | 0.101 | ||||||
Boys | 1152 | 0.089 | 0.101 | 0.382 (0.272, 0.493) | <0.001 | 0.423 (0.288, 0.557) | <0.001 | |||
Age (months) | 69 to <82 (reference) | 773 | −0.116 | 0.105 | 0.206 | 0.106 | ||||
82 to <93 | 806 | −0.035 | 0.104 | 0.080 (−0.057, 0.218) | 0.251 | 0.153 (−0.009, 0.316) | 0.065 | |||
93 to ≤108 | 752 | −0.157 | 0.104 | −0.042 (−0.182, 0.099) | 0.560 | 0.001 (−0.167, 0.170) | 0.991 | |||
Mother’s current employment status | Self-employed (reference) | 204 | −0.463 | 0.128 | <0.001 | 0.325 | ||||
Employed full time | 340 | 0.007 | 0.115 | 0.470 (0.229, 0.712) | <0.001 | 0.244 (−0.018, 0.505) | 0.068 | |||
Farmer | 968 | −0.038 | 0.095 | 0.425 (0.215, 0.635) | <0.001 | 0.145 (−0.098, 0.388) | 0.243 | |||
Unemployed | 131 | −0.277 | 0.148 | 0.186 (−0.119, 0.490) | 0.232 | 0.160 (−0.158, 0.479) | 0.323 | |||
Mother’s education level | Above high school (reference) | 465 | 0.251 | 0.081 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
High school | 553 | −0.072 | 0.077 | −0.322 (−0.494, −0.150) | <0.001 | −0.281 (−0.460, −0.101) | 0.002 | |||
Below high school | 630 | −0.405 | 0.074 | −0.656 (−0.824, −0.487) | <0.001 | −0.577 (−0.770, −0.383) | <0.001 | |||
Monthly household income (million VND) | <4.1 (reference) | 254 | −0.329 | 0.114 | <0.001 | 0.422 | ||||
4.1 to <8 | 500 | −0.224 | 0.096 | 0.105 (−0.105, 0.316) | 0.327 | −0.036 (−0.249, 0.178) | 0.744 | |||
8 to <11 | 622 | 0.016 | 0.092 | 0.345 (0.140, 0.550) | 0.001 | 0.070 (−0.152, 0.292) | 0.537 | |||
≥11 | 207 | 0.131 | 0.121 | 0.460 (0.202, 0.719) | <0.001 | 0.147 (−0.127, 0.422 | 0.293 |
Raw Estimates | Univariate Analysis a | Multivariate Analysis b (N = 1567) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total(N) | Abdominal Overweight/ Obesity N (%) | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | Overall p-Value c | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | Overall p-Value c | ||
All children | 2326 | 721 (31.0) | |||||||
Sex | Girls (reference) | 1174 | 325 (27.7) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Boys | 1152 | 396 (34.4) | 1.37 (1.15, 1.64) | <0.001 | 1.55 (1.24, 1.93) | <0.001 | |||
Age (months) | 69 to <82 (reference) | 773 | 260 (33.9) | 1 | 0.070 | 1 | 0.180 | ||
82 to <93 | 806 | 246 (30.6) | 0.83 (0.67, 1.03) | 0.092 | 0.94 (0.73, 1.22) | 0.646 | |||
93 to ≤108 | 752 | 215 (28.6) | 0.78 (0.62, 0.97) | 0.028 | 0.78 (0.59, 1.02) | 0.072 | |||
Mother’s current employment status | Self-employed (reference) | 204 | 44 (21.6) | 1 | 0.021 | 1 | 0.876 | ||
Employed full time | 341 | 110 (32.3) | 1.67 (1.11, 2.51) | 0.014 | 1.19 (0.75, 1.87) | 0.459 | |||
Farmer | 966 | 316 (32.7) | 1.70 (1.18, 2.45) | 0.004 | 1.09 (0.71, 1.67) | 0.700 | |||
Unemployed | 131 | 34 (26.0) | 1.25 (0.75, 2.11) | 0.389 | 1.06 (0.61, 1.85) | 0.829 | |||
Mother’s education level | Above high school (reference) | 463 | 193 (41.7) | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 | ||
High school | 553 | 167 (30.2) | 0.61 (0.47, 0.78) | <0.001 | 0.65 (0.49, 0.86) | 0.003 | |||
Below high school | 631 | 146 (23.1) | 0.42 (0.32, 0.55) | <0.001 | 0.47 (0.35, 0.65) | <0.001 | |||
Monthly household income (million VND) | <4.1 (reference) | 255 | 59 (23.1) | 1 | 0.009 | 1 | 0.772 | ||
4.1 to <8 | 499 | 144 (28.9) | 1.34 (0.94, 1.90) | 0.102 | 1.16 (0.80, 1.68) | 0.426 | |||
8 to <11 | 621 | 211 (34.0) | 1.68 (1.19, 2.36) | 0.003 | 1.22 (0.84, 1.78) | 0.293 | |||
≥11 | 207 | 74 (35.8) | 1.80 (1.19, 2.72) | 0.005 | 1.20 (0.76, 1.88) | 0.420 |
Raw Estimates | Univariate Analysis a | Multivariate Analysis b (N = 1567) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (N) | Mean | SE | β (95% CI) | p-Value | Overall p-Value c | β (95% CI) | p-Value | Overall p-Value c | ||
All children | 2326 | 0.444 | 0.001 | |||||||
Sex | Girls (reference level) | 1174 | 0.434 | 0.003 | ||||||
Boys | 1152 | 0.452 | 0.003 | 0.018 (0.015, 0.022) | <0.001 | 0.020 (0.016, 0.025) | <0.001 | |||
Age (months) | 69 to <82 (reference) | 773 | 0.448 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.006 | ||||
82 to <93 | 806 | 0.443 | 0.003 | −0.004 (−0.009, −0.000) | 0.048 | −0.001 (−0.008, 0.002) | 0.236 | |||
93 to ≤108 | 752 | 0.439 | 0.003 | −0.008 (−0.013, −0.004) | <0.001 | −0.009 (−0.014, −0.003) | 0.001 | |||
Mother’s current employment status | Self-employed (reference level) | 204 | 0.436 | 0.004 | 0.037 | 0.876 | ||||
Employed full time | 341 | 0.445 | 0.003 | 0.009 (0.001, 0.017) | 0.020 | 0.003 (−0.006, 0.011) | 0.545 | |||
Farmer | 966 | 0.444 | 0.002 | 0.009 (0.002, 0.015) | 0.012 | 0.000 (−0.007, 0.008) | 0.910 | |||
Unemployed | 131 | 0.438 | 0.004 | 0.003 (−0.007, 0.012) | 0.607 | 0.002 (−0.009, 0.012) | 0.764 | |||
Mother’s education level | Above high school (reference level) | 463 | 0.453 | 0.002 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
High school | 553 | 0.442 | 0.002 | −0.010 (−0.016, −0.005) | <0.001 | −0.009 (−0.015, −0.003) | 0.002 | |||
Below high school | 631 | 0.436 | 0.002 | −0.017 (−0.022, −0.011) | <0.001 | −0.014 (−0.021, −0.008) | <0.001 | |||
Monthly household income (million VND) | <4.1 (reference level) | 255 | 0.436 | 0.003 | 0.006 | 0.588 | ||||
4.1 to <8 | 499 | 0.440 | 0.003 | 0.004 (−0.003, 0.011) | 0.283 | 0.000 (−0.007, 0.007) | 0.981 | |||
8 to <11 | 621 | 0.447 | 0.002 | 0.010 (0.004, 0.017) | 0.002 | 0.004 (−0.003, 0.011) | 0.315 | |||
≥11 | 207 | 0.446 | 0.003 | 0.010 (0.001, 0.018) | 0.021 | 0.002 (−0.007, 0.011) | 0.693 |
ICC (95% CI) | |
---|---|
Underweight b | 0.013 (0.001, 0.116) |
Stunting c | 0.008 (0.000, 0.349) |
Wasting d | 0.001 (0.000, 0.999) |
Overweight/obesity e | 0.038 (0.012, 0.113) |
Abdominal overweight/obesity f | 0.020 (0.006, 0.068) |
Composite Index of Anthropometry Failure g | 0.009 (0.001, 0.091) |
BMI-for-age z-score | 0.034 (0.012, 0.096) |
Waist-to-Height Ratio | 0.019 (0.006, 0.061) |
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Hoang, N.T.D.; Orellana, L.; Le, T.D.; Gibson, R.S.; Worsley, A.F.; Sinclair, A.J.; Szymlek-Gay, E.A. Anthropometric Status among 6–9-Year-Old School Children in Rural Areas in Hai Phong City, Vietnam. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1431. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101431
Hoang NTD, Orellana L, Le TD, Gibson RS, Worsley AF, Sinclair AJ, Szymlek-Gay EA. Anthropometric Status among 6–9-Year-Old School Children in Rural Areas in Hai Phong City, Vietnam. Nutrients. 2018; 10(10):1431. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101431
Chicago/Turabian StyleHoang, Ngan T.D., Liliana Orellana, Tuyen D. Le, Rosalind S. Gibson, Anthony F. Worsley, Andrew J. Sinclair, and Ewa A. Szymlek-Gay. 2018. "Anthropometric Status among 6–9-Year-Old School Children in Rural Areas in Hai Phong City, Vietnam" Nutrients 10, no. 10: 1431. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101431