Protective Effect of Glucosinolates Hydrolytic Products in Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDDs)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Glucosinolates (GLs): Sources and Enzymatic Activation
3. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) and Their Neuroprotective Effects
3.1. Sulforaphane (SFN)
3.2. Moringin (MG)
3.3. Phenethyl ITC (PEITC)
3.4. 6-(Methylsulfinyl) hexyl ITC (6-MSITC)
3.5. Erucin (ER)
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ITCs or Extract | NDD or Models | Effect on NDDs | Mechanism of Action | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
SFN | AD (in vitro) SH-SY5Y Human neuroblastoma cell line | Abolished apoptosis | Modulation of Bax/Bcl2 and Nrf2 pathways | [27] |
AD (in vitro) Neuro-2A & N1E-115 murine neuroblastoma cell line | Increased proteasome activity | Enhancement of Nrf2 pathway | [29] | |
AD (in vitro) cell line | Increased proteasome activity | Enhancement of Nrf2 pathway | [30] | |
AD (in vitro) HeLa & COS-1 Cell line | Increased proteasome activity & proper folding | Triggering Aβ-fragment’s clearance | [28] | |
AD (in vivo) mice induced by AlCl3 & D-Galactose | Ameliorated cognitive impairment | Modulation of Nrf2/ARE pathway | [32] | |
AD (in vivo) rat model | Improved cognitive function | Modulation of Ach transferase activity | [34] | |
AD (in vivo) rat model | Ameliorated cognitive impairment | Modulation of pro-inflammatory production via Nrf2/ARE pathway | [35] | |
PD (in vitro) N1E-115 murine neuroblastoma cell line | Abolished apoptotic pathway & improve cognitive function | Modulation of phase II antioxidant enzymes | [38] | |
PD (in vitro) PC-12 cell line | Stopped apoptosis | Modulation of pro-inflammatory markers production pathway via Nrf2/ARE pathway | [39] | |
PD (in vitro) SH-SY5Y Human neuroblastoma cell line | Abolished apoptosis | Modulation of Nrf2/ARE pathway | [40] | |
PD (in vivo) rat model | Decreased the disease progression | Modulation of pro-inflammatory & apoptotic pathway via activation of ERK1/2 | [36] | |
M. oleifera crude extract | AD (in vivo) rats colchicine induction | Ameliorated memory impairment | Up-regulation of phase II antioxidant enzymes | [46] |
AD (in vivo) rats Ethyl choline induction | Improved spatial memory and reduce neuronal cell death | Up-regulation of SOD & CAT | [47] | |
MG | CIR (in vivo) rats model | Improved cognitive function | Modulation of pro-inflammatory biomarkers production & Nfr2/ARE pathway | [44] |
ALS (in vivo) rats model | Delayed the disease onset | Modulation of expression of vital proteins involved in the disease pathology such as Nrf2, iNOS & PARP, and modulation of apoptotic pathway | [45] | |
MS (in vivo) mouse model | Abolished series of inflammation | Down regulation of pro-inflammatory & production of oxidative species as well as modulation of apoptotic pathway | [49] | |
SCI (in vivo) rats model | Protected neuronal death | Modulation of up-regulated inflammatory markers | [52] | |
PEITC | NDD (in vitro) cell lines | Abolished inflammation | Initiation of Nrf2 translocation and modulation of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway | [53] |
NDD (in vivo) transgenic mice model | Alleviated severe pathological condition | Restoration of Nrf2 expression | [60] | |
6-MSITC | NDD (in vitro) cell lines | Slow down inflammation | Enhancement of Nrf2 activity and slow down expression of pro-inflammatory biomarkers | [65] |
NDD (in vivo) rat model | Stopped inflammation | Enhancement of Nrf2/ARE complex formation and their signaling pathway | [66] | |
PD (in vivo) animal model | Decreased apoptosis, increased cognitive function, improved behavior | Modulation of Nrf2/ARE pathway | [54] | |
ER | NDD (in vitro) cell lines | Stopped inflammation | Counteraction of pro-inflammatory markers’ expression | [71] |
NDD (in vitro) cell lines | Decreased inflammation | Inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway | [53] | |
NDD (in vitro) SH-SY5Y cell lines | Slow down apoptosis | Increase expression of GSH and its activities | [70] | |
NDD (in vitro & in vivo) cell lines and animal models | Reduced inflammation | Counteraction of JNK, Erk1/2 and P38 signaling pathway by Nrf2 | [72] |
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Jaafaru, M.S.; Abd Karim, N.A.; Enas, M.E.; Rollin, P.; Mazzon, E.; Abdull Razis, A.F. Protective Effect of Glucosinolates Hydrolytic Products in Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDDs). Nutrients 2018, 10, 580. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10050580
Jaafaru MS, Abd Karim NA, Enas ME, Rollin P, Mazzon E, Abdull Razis AF. Protective Effect of Glucosinolates Hydrolytic Products in Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDDs). Nutrients. 2018; 10(5):580. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10050580
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaafaru, Mohammed Sani, Nurul Ashikin Abd Karim, Mohamad Eliaser Enas, Patrick Rollin, Emanuela Mazzon, and Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis. 2018. "Protective Effect of Glucosinolates Hydrolytic Products in Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDDs)" Nutrients 10, no. 5: 580. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10050580